Exam Questions Chapter 2 First Decisions From Inspiration To - Communication Research 4e Complete Test Bank by Andrea M. Davis. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 2: First Decisions: From Inspiration to Implementation
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A statement about the relationships we expect to find between two or more variables is called a ______.
a. research question
b. speculation
c. hypothesis
d. interpretation
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypotheses: Statements of Prediction
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. “As age increases, social media use decreases.” That statement is an example of ______.
a. a closed-ended research question
b. a one-tailed hypothesis
c. a two-tailed hypothesis
d. a null hypothesis
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Hypotheses: Statements of Prediction
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. “What factors explain students’ use of Twitter?” This question fulfils what research purpose?
a. exploration
b. description
c. explanation
d. prediction
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Exploration
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. “There is no relationship between academic performance and social media involvement” is an example of ______.
a. a closed-ended research question
b. a null hypothesis
c. a one-tailed hypothesis
d. a two-tailed hypothesis
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Hypotheses: Statements of Prediction
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. “Does academic performance increase as social media use decreases?” is an example of a(n) ______.
a. null hypothesis
b. two-tailed hypothesis
c. closed-ended research question
d. open-ended research question
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Research Questions: Less Certainty; More Room to Move
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. A hypothesis of “People who see public service announcements for the local animal shelter are more likely to adopt a pet” is designing a study around ______.
a. exploration
b. prediction
c. description
d. explanation
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Prediction
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. A closed-ended research question ______.
a. focuses on a direction of relationship between variables
b. does not focus on a direction of relationship between variables
c. addresses a question that has already been researched
d. defines the results the researcher expects to find
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Research Questions: Less Certainty; More Room to Move
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. The idiographic approach to communication research emphasizes ______.
a. the subjectivity and individuality of human communication
b. measurement and generalization
c. analyzing media content
d. using scientific methods
Learning Objective: 2.4: Describe major worldviews in human communication research and how each shapes the nature of research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with Basic Beliefs and Perceptions
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. The scientific method combines empiricism, ______, and ______ to advance knowledge.
a. rationalism; interpretivism
b. interpretivism; peer review
c. rationalism; positivism
d. critical theory; empiricism
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Rationalism asserts that knowledge is best acquired by:
a. faith and intuition
b. emotion and reason
c. meditation and insight
d. reason and factual analysis
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Tenacity, intuition, authority, and empiricism are all:
a. epistemologies
b. ontologies
c. philosophies
d. ideologies
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Which one of the following purposes of research attempts to answer “why” questions?
a. exploration
b. description
c. prediction
d. explanation
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Explanation
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Which of the following reasons for doing research implies researching with a view to being able to manipulate human behavior?
a. exploration
b. description
c. control
d. explanation
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Control
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Generally, Worldview I researchers believe that human communication:
a. is objectively measurable and can be summarized in rules
b. is objectively measurable but cannot be summarized in rules
c. should be understood subjectively and can be summarized in rules
d. should be understood subjectively and cannot be summarized in rules
Learning Objective: 2.4: Describe major worldviews in human communication research and how each shapes the nature of research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with Basic Beliefs and Perceptions
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Generally, Worldview II researchers believe that human communication:
a. is objectively measurable and can be summarized in rules
b. is objectively measurable but cannot be summarized in rules
c. should be understood subjectively and can be summarized in rules
d. should be understood subjectively and cannot be summarized in rules
Learning Objective: 2.4: Describe major worldviews in human communication research and how each shapes the nature of research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with Basic Beliefs and Perceptions
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Research is often argued to have seven major purposes. In addition to interpretation, exploration, and criticism, which of the following answers correctly identifies them?
a. validation, explanation, prediction, and control
b. description, explanation, prediction, and control
c. description, generalization, prediction, and interpretation
d. description, explanation, quantification, and control
Learning Objective: 2.6: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with a Purpose
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. A two-tailed hypothesis specifies:
a. the direction of the relationship between two variables
b. that there is no relationship between two variables
c. that there are two possible relationships between two variables
d. only that there is a relationship between two variables
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypotheses: Statements of Prediction
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
1. Open-ended research questions ask whether there is a relationship between variables.
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Research Questions: Less Certainty; More Room to Move
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Closed-ended research questions predict a specific research result.
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Research Questions: Less Certainty; More Room to Move
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Epistemological questions address the question of how it is we know what we know.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Tenacity refers to the knowledge that, correctly or incorrectly, has stood the test of time.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Intuition is the instinct that says “this just feels right.”
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Authority is the way of knowing that comes because someone said it.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Rationalism asserts that knowledge is best acquired by faith rather than reason and factual analysis.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Empiricism argues for knowledge based on experience and observation.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Positivism assumes that phenomena are governed by and can be explained by rules.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Ontological questions address the nature of what we study and what it is that language actually refers to.
Learning Objective: 2.4: Describe major worldviews in human communication research and how each shapes the nature of research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with Basic Beliefs and Perspectives
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Researchers will only use inductive or deductive reasoning.
Learning Objective: 2.1: Define the terms induction, deduction, and abduction.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Deduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Worldview has no influence on how researchers frame their research questions.
Learning Objective: 2.4: Describe major worldviews in human communication research and how each shapes the nature of research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with Basic Beliefs and Perspectives
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Closed-ended research questions ask whether there is a specific direction of relationship between variables.
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Research Questions: Less Certainty; More Room to Move
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. A “construct” is basically an abstract idea about communication.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Operationalizing Constructs
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. A hypothesis is a question about the relationship between variables.
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypotheses: Statements of Prediction
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Deduction is reasoning from theory to observation.
Learning Objective: 2.1: Define the terms induction, deduction, and abduction.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Deduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Induction is reasoning from observation to theory.
Learning Objective: 2.1: Define the terms induction, deduction, and abduction.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Induction
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Description is a legitimate purpose of research.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Description
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Descriptive questions attempt to answer the “why?” question.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Description
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Studies based on explanation attempt to answer the “why?” question.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Explanation
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. A research question is a statement about the relationships you expect to find between two variables.
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Research Questions: Less Certainty; More Room to Move
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. Critical research has a goal of understanding how power is used in and through communication.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criticism
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Ontology questions address the question of what counts as knowledge.
Learning Objective: 2.4: Describe major worldviews in human communication research and how each shapes the nature of research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Starting with Basic Beliefs and Perspectives
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Academic journals are the same as magazines.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting from the work of others
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. A null hypothesis shows no relationship between variables.
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypotheses: Statements of Prediction
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. A one-tailed hypothesis states the direction of the relationship between variables.
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hypotheses: Statements of Prediction
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. Open-ended research questions offer more flexibility than one-tailed hypotheses.
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Research Questions: Less Certainty; More Room to Move
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. Scientific methods often combine control, tenacity, and exploration.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with a Purpose
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Explain the exploration reason for doing research.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Exploration
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Explain briefly what is meant by tenacity, intuition, authority, and empiricism.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with How Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Briefly explain the differences between Worldview I and Worldview II.
Learning Objective: 2.4: Describe major worldviews in human communication research and how each shapes the nature of research.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Starting with Basic Beliefs and Perceptions
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Explain the difference between nomothetic and idiographic approaches to communication research.
Learning Objective: 2.4: Describe major worldviews in human communication research and how each shapes the nature of research.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Basic Beliefs and Perceptions
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. List and describe the concepts of communication metatheory.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Starting with Basic Beliefs and Perspectives
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. Discuss the pros and cons of starting a communication research project with a specific research question as opposed to having no question.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Research Questions: Less Certainty; More Room to Move
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. You have a research interest in children and television advertising. Discuss how a research study is designed to describe how their response to advertising might differ from a study designed to predict how they respond to advertising.
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with a Focus
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Why it is not suggested to start your project by choosing the method you like the most?
Learning Objective: 2.2: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Explain the difference between starting research deductively versus inductively.
Learning Objective: 2.1: Define the terms induction, deduction, and abduction.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Relationship Between Theory and Observations
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Briefly define induction, deduction, and abduction.
Learning Objective: 2.1: Define the terms induction, deduction, and abduction.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Relationship Between Theory and Observations
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. When can a researcher make generalizations about human communication?
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theories About Human Behavior Can/Cannot Be Generalized
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Explain the role epistemology has in research.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Identify key reasons for doing research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Starting with the "How" Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Why is operationalization an important part of designing a research study?
Learning Objective: 2.3: Explain the ways we “know what we know.”
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Operationalizing Constructs
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a hypothesis in your research over a research question?
Learning Objective: 2.6: Explain with examples the difference between a research question and a hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Starting with a Focus
Difficulty Level: Hard
15. What are the pros of starting research from others’ work?
Learning Objective: 2.5: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of basing your work on the work of other researchers.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Starting from the Work of Others
Difficulty Level: Hard