Test Bank

Chapter 9: Immigration and acculturation

Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following is NOT true of Diasporas?

a. Diasporas refer only to traditional immigration groups, such as Jews.

b. Diasporas are not temporary, but lasting communities.

c. They differentiate themselves from their new environment.

d. They identify with other members of Diasporas by forming an ‘imagined community’.

2. According to John Berry’s model of acculturation, immigrants are confronted with two basic issues. Which of the following best summarizes these issues?

a. the maintenance of their cultural heritage and maintenance of relationships with their host countries

b. adjustment to new friends and adjustment to the host culture

c. learning how to overcome culture shock and the difficulties of adopting a new culture

d. learning how to reconstruct their identity and minimizing their home cultural impact when communicating with host country nationals

3. The perspective that a multitude of ethnic cultures can coexist within a given environment, retaining their original heritage while functioning in the mainstream culture is known as ______.

a. the melting pot

b. the salad bowl

c. global swarming

d. cultural incorporation

4. Some people argue that multiculturalism appeals more to low status groups than to high status groups. Which of the following theoretical perspectives does this view best represent?

a. hierarchy hypothesis

b. low status benefit theory

c. ideological asymmetry hypothesis

d. advantage-threat theory

5. Group differences in values, beliefs, morals, and attitudes may lead to prejudice against members of outgroups. Which of the following domains in integrated threat theory does this statement best characterize?

a. realistic threat

b. symbolic threat

c. intergroup anxiety

d. negative stereotypes

6. Which acculturation orientation does it represent when immigrants attach low significance to their ethnic values and at the same time view themselves as members of the host society?

a. integration

b. assimilation

c. marginalization

d. separation

7. Studies have shown that host country nationals living in low immigration areas tend to define race relations in the terms used by the mass media more than those living in high immigration areas. Which of the following contributors to cross-cultural adaptation does this statement illustrate?

a. effect of mainstream media

b. effect of ethnic media

c. political and social environment

d. intergroup contact

8. Immigrants who develop and maintain multiple relationships – familial, economic, social, organizational, religious, and political – that span borders are referred to as ______.

a. transnationals

b. transmigrants

c. Diasporas

d. cosmopolitans

9. Which of the following is NOT true of bicultural identity integration?

a. Bicultural individuals combine their two cultures in different ways.

b. Bicultural identity integration is a continuum.

c. Bicultural identity integration measures distance versus overlap between two cultural identities.

d. Bicultural identity integration does not apply to those who see their two cultures as compatible.

10. When immigrants interact with people from host cultures, they not only switch between languages but also between cultures. Which aspect of identity does this statement illustrate?

a. the absence of identity

b. immigrants faking their identity

c. the fluidity of identity

d. the fixed nature of identity

11. Which of the following has the greatest impact on the degree to which a person experiences culture shock?

a. ability to tolerate foreign foods

b. gender difference

c. similarity between host and home culture

d. occupational difference

12. Which of the following statements is true about reverse culture shock?

a. Reverse culture shock may cause greater distress than the original culture shock experienced in the foreign country.

b. Reverse culture shock occurs when the home culture is compared favourably to the admired aspects of the new culture.

c. Reverse culture shock is easier to overcome because the person is back in his/her home country.

d. Reverse culture shock tends to be experienced more frequently by females than males.

Short answer questions

1. Define transnationalism. Provide an example to show how transmigrants maintain contacts across international borders.

2. Define acculturation. Provide an example to illustrate any of the four acculturation orientations/strategies, identified in Berry’s model.

3. Could you identify one criticism of John Berry’s dichotomous model of acculturation?

4. What are the premises underlying the Integrated Model of Communication and Cross-Cultural Adaptation?

5. Define bicultural identity integration model and explain how it measures bicultural identity.