Exam Prep Chapter 42 Assisting In Other Medical Specialties

Student name:__________

1) A(n) __________ is performed by placing a linen or paper patch on uninvolved skin and then using a dropper to soak the patch with the suspected allergen.

2) Often called a PET scan, a(n) __________ tomography test shows blood flow and metabolic activity in the brain to help practitioners identify certain neurological and central nervous system disorders.

3) An examination of the lower rectum and anal canal that is performed to detect hemorrhoids, polyps, fissures, fistulas, and abscesses is called a(n) __________.

4) An x-ray examination of a blood vessel after the injection of a contrast medium to evaluate the function and structure of one or more arteries is a(n) __________.

5) When the orthopedist inserts a tubular instrument with an optical system to visualize the inside of a joint, the procedure is called a(n) __________.

6) A balloon __________ involves passing a slender, hollow tube through the artery at the site of blockage and inflating a balloon to compress the blockage and widen the artery.

7) During a(n) __________, the cardiologist can take blood samples for analysis, measure the pressure in the heart's chambers, and view the heart's motions with the aid of fluoroscopy.

8) Performing a gallbladder function test called __________ enables the practitioner to determine whether the bile duct is obstructed or gallstones are present.

9) A(n) __________ is performed to provide direct visualization of the large intestine, enabling the gastroenterologist to determine the cause of diarrhea, constipation, bleeding, or lower abdominal pain.

10) Often called a CT scan, a(n) __________ is a radiographic examination that produces a three-dimensional, cross-sectional view of the brain.

11) The surgery that involves bypassing the blockage in a coronary artery with a vessel taken from another area is a coronary artery __________.

12) A procedure that projects sound waves of an extremely high frequency through the chest wall into the heart and records the echoes to diagnose conditions such as structural defects and fluid accumulation is called a(n) __________.

13) The test that records the electrical activity of the brain on a strip of graph paper is called a(n) __________.

14) Needle electrodes are inserted into skeletal muscles to record nerve impulses and measure conduction time when a(n) __________ is performed to detect neuromuscular disorders or nerve damage.

15) The general term for any procedure in which a scope is used to visually inspect a canal or body cavity is __________.

16) The __________ test is performed by introducing dilute solutions of allergens into the skin of the inner forearm or upper back with a fine-gauge needle.

17) A magnetic __________ imaging (MRI) test uses a powerful magnetic field to produce an image of internal body structures.

18) A general term for a disease of the brain that alters brain function or structure is __________.

19) Following a balloon angioplasty to open a partially blocked coronary artery, a metal mesh tube known as a(n) __________ may be placed in the artery in order to keep it open.

20) The test that measures a patient's cardiovascular response to a workload is a(n) __________ test.

21) The dermatologist examines the visible top layer of the entire surface of the skin using a magnifying lens and a bright light to look for lesions during a(n) __________ skin examination.

22) The practitioner inspects the patient’s skin under an ultraviolet lamp in a darkened room during a(n) __________ examination.

23) The patient in the figure has been tested for allergies using a(n) __________ test.


©John Radcliffe Hospital/Science Source

24) This man is being tested using a(n) __________, which is used to assess heart function during normal activity.

25) In a(n) __________, extracts of suspected allergens are applied to the patient's skin, usually on the arms or back, to test for specific allergies.

26) A(n) __________ is performed to visualize the S-shaped segment between the descending colon and the rectum.

27) An x-ray visualization of the spinal cord after the injection of a radioactive contrast medium or air into the spinal subarachnoid space is __________.

28) The medical specialist who diagnoses and treats inappropriate immune system responses to normally harmless substances is a(n) __________.

29) The most severe type of allergic reaction is __________.

30) When cells become malignant, the process is called __________.

31) A tumor that contains abnormal cells that do not invade and actively destroy surrounding tissue is said to be __________, or noncancerous.

32) A tumor in which cells grow uncontrollably, invading and actively destroying the tissue around them, is considered __________.

33) The general term for procedures in which a scope is inserted by way of the mouth to examine digestive organs is __________ endoscopy.

34) A medical specialist who treats diseases and disorders of the thyroid and other glands is a(n) __________.

35) The medical specialty that focuses on disorders, injuries, and diseases of the muscular and skeletal systems is __________.

36) In a(n) __________ stress test, radioactive tracers are injected so that the practitioner can trace the path of blood through the heart.

37) A diagnostic method used in cardiology to test the body’s main blood vessels for weakness in vessel walls or blocked arteries is called __________ ultrasonography.

38) In which allergy test are extracts of suspected allergens applied to a patient's skin using a lancet, usually on the arms and back?

A) intradermal test
B) patch test
C) scratch test
D) radioallergosorbent test
E) blood test

39) Which medications are prescribed for the severe inflammation that occurs in contact dermatitis?

A) analgesics
B) antibiotics
C) antifungals
D) antacids
E) corticosteroids

40) Which of the following is a skin inflammation that may be an allergic response to allergens, such as chemicals or foods?

A) impetigo
B) herpes zoster (shingles)
C) psoriasis
D) eczema
E) melanoma

41) Which patient position is appropriate for a sigmoidoscopy?

A) prone
B) Sims'
C) recumbent
D) sitting
E) lithotomy

42) Which condition causes wrist pain and numbness because the medial nerve is compressed?

A) Paget's disease
B) scoliosis
C) bursitis
D) carpal tunnel syndrome
E) osteomyelitis

43) Which of the following is an infection of the bone of which the principal symptom is pain?

A) bursitis
B) osteomyelitis
C) Paget's disease
D) tendonitis
E) scoliosis

44) The treatment for osteomyelitis is __________.

A) calcium supplements and exercise
B) anti-inflammatory medication and relocation
C) antibiotics, analgesics, and surgery
D) muscle relaxants and application of cold
E) back brace and surgery

45) Which allergy test is performed by placing a piece of linen on uninvolved skin and then using a dropper to soak the linen with the suspected allergen?

A) radioallergosorbent test
B) patch test
C) intradermal test
D) scratch test
E) blood test

46) Which type of allergy test, also called a subcutaneous test, introduces dilute solutions of allergens into the skin of the inner forearm or upper back with a fine-gauge needle?

A) intradermal test
B) scratch test
C) patch test
D) radioallergosorbent test
E) blood test

47) Which allergy test measures levels of antibodies after the blood serum is exposed to suspected allergens?

A) patch test
B) scratch test
C) intradermal test
D) radioallergosorbent test
E) needle test

48) Which of the following is a cardiac diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the heart through the placement of electrodes on the chest and limbs?

A) echocardiography
B) angiography
C) stress test
D) electrocardiogram
E) cardiac catheterization

49) Which of the following defines a stress test?

A) the x-ray examination of an artery after injection of a contrast medium
B) examination of the structure and function of the heart through the use of reflected sound waves
C) measurement of the patient’s response to an increasing workload on the heart using an ECG
D) insertion of a catheter into the blood vessels into the heart
E) recording of ECG readings over a specific period of time, usually 24 hours or more

50) The treatment for which vascular disease includes wearing elastic stockings, losing and controlling weight, and elevating the legs?

A) hypertension
B) varicose veins
C) aneurysms
D) arteriosclerosis
E) endocarditis

51) The treatment for a heart conduction problem that delays or blocks electrical transmission within the heart includes medication and __________.

A) diet management
B) insertion of a pacemaker
C) heart transplant surgery
D) lifestyle management
E) stress management

52) Which dermatological condition is an inflammation of the follicles of the skin's sebaceous glands?

A) contact dermatitis
B) ringworm
C) acne vulgaris
D) scabies
E) eczema

53) Which of the following is a fungal infection that produces flat lesions on the body that are dry and scaly or moist and crusty and are often found on the feet, groin, and scalp?

A) acne vulgaris
B) verrucae
C) ringworm
D) eczema
E) psoriasis

54) Which of the following is a true statement about skin cancer?

A) Overexposure to the sun is a risk factor in all types of skin cancer.
B) The incidence is highest in individuals with dark skin, dark-colored eyes, and dark hair.
C) Basal cell carcinoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer.
D) Malignant melanoma is the most common skin cancer.
E) People who work outdoors eventually become immune to skin cancer.

55) Which of the following is a benign skin tumor that results from a viral skin infection?

A) eczema
B) psoriasis
C) impetigo
D) mole
E) wart

56) Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include which of the following?

A) excessive thirst, hunger, excessive urination, and fatigue
B) anxiety, irritability, elevated heart rate and blood pressure, and weight loss
C) muscle weakness and easily bruised skin with purple streaks
D) a rounded face and a fatty hump between the shoulders
E) low blood pressure, fatigue, dry skin and hair, and facial puffiness

57) A procedure in which a flexible fiber-optic tube is passed through the patient's mouth to the stomach is called a __________.

A) colonoscopy
B) duodenoscopy
C) gastroscopy
D) proctoscopy
E) fluoroscopy

58) Which of the following should be included in instructions to prepare a patient for a colonoscopy?

A) The back of the throat is sprayed with a local anesthetic to inhibit the gag reflex.
B) Explain that the colon must be cleansed before the procedure and to expect diarrhea and mild cramping.
C) Take a series of tablets containing a contrast agent the night before the test, followed by a high-fat substance.
D) A liquid solution of barium is taken during the procedure after having nothing to eat or drink after midnight.
E) Instruct the patient not to eat meats or vegetables for 1 to 3 days before the test.

59) In which diagnostic test is a barium enema given rectally prior to taking an x-ray?

A) lower GI series
B) gastric lavage
C) upper GI series
D) sigmoidoscopy
E) gamma scan

60) A condition in which an organ pushes through a muscle or wall containing it is a(n) __________.

A) anal fissure
B) wart
C) hernia
D) hemorrhoid
E) mole

61) Which of the following is the recommended treatment for stomatitis?

A) surgery to repair the muscle
B) bland diet, avoidance of stress, medicated mouth rinses, and topical analgesics
C) stool-softener medication, enemas, and high fiber diet
D) lithotripsy and antibiotics to prevent secondary infection
E) fluid replacement and stool softeners

62) Which gastrointestinal disease is an inflammation of the gallbladder caused by intolerance of fatty foods?

A) colitis
B) cholecystitis
C) gastritis
D) cholelithiasis
E) diverticulitis

63) Which gastrointestinal disease involves gastric acid rising from the stomach into the esophagus?

A) stomatitis
B) diverticulitis
C) colitis
D) cholelithiasis
E) gastroesophageal reflux

64) Which neurological diagnostic test records the electrical activity of the brain on a strip of graph paper?

A) computed tomography
B) electroencephalography
C) cerebral angiography
D) myelography
E) brain scan

65) Which diagnostic test produces a three-dimensional, cross-sectional view of the brain with or without a contrast medium?

A) electromyography
B) electroencephalography
C) computed tomography
D) cerebral angiography
E) magnetic resonance imaging

66) Which neurological disease causes weakness or paralysis on one side of the face?

A) parkinson's disease
B) meningitis
C) bell's palsy
D) encephalitis
E) neuritis

67) Which of the following is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord caused by a bacterial or viral infection?

A) epilepsy
B) multiple sclerosis
C) meningitis
D) herpes zoster (shingles)
E) sciatica

68) Which common neurological disorder that is caused by the misfiring of nerve groups in the brain results in seizures?

A) epilepsy
B) Parkinson's disease
C) multiple sclerosis
D) neuritis
E) encephalitis

69) Which cancer shows no symptoms early in the disease process but causes difficulty in swallowing and regurgitation of food in the late stage?

A) Colorectal cancer
B) liver cancer
C) oral cancer
D) thyroid cancer
E) esophageal cancer

70) In which cancer does the patient experience jaundice?

A) liver cancer
B) endometrial cancer
C) urinary cancer
D) breast cancer
E) non-Hodgkin lymphoma

71) Becky was rushed to the emergency room of the local hospital and was treated for anaphylactic shock after being stung by a bee. She had no previous history of allergic reactions. After performing emergency measures, including injection of epinephrine, the ER physician referred Becky to a specialist for follow-up care and treatment. To which specialist would the ER physician send Becky?

A) cardiologist
B) dermatologist
C) allergist
D) endocrinologist
E) neurologist

72) Mrs. Gorman has brought her 3-year-old son Billy to the pediatrician's office because he does not seem to be growing or developing as fast as his playmates in the daycare center. The pediatrician performs basic measurements and agrees that Billy seems undersize for his age. To which of the following specialists is the pediatrician most likely to refer Billy?

A) endocrinologist
B) orthopedist
C) neurologist
D) cardiologist
E) dermatologist

73) Mr. Thompson is a cardiology patient who says he has had episodes of his heart "racing" unexpectedly, even when he is sitting down and even a few times while he was sleeping. The cardiologist has performed a stress test and found no abnormalities. Which of the following tests would you expect the cardiologist to order next?

A) chest X-ray
B) Holter monitor
C) cardiac catheterization
D) angiography
E) CABG

74) Which common cancer most often found in the knee and upper arm has symptoms of persistent and unusual pain or swelling in or near a bone?

A) osteosarcoma
B) chondrosarcoma
C) basal cell carcinoma
D) chondromalacia
E) osteomyelitis

75) Which type of malignant tumors of cartilage is most often found in the hip, femur, and humerus and usually has no early symptoms?

A) osteosarcoma
B) chondrosarcoma
C) basal cell carcinoma
D) chondromalacia
E) osteomyelitis