Exam Prep Chapter 2 Examining Data Tables And Figures - Fundamental Statistics Social Sciences 2e Complete Test Bank by Howard T. Tokunaga. DOCX document preview.

Exam Prep Chapter 2 Examining Data Tables And Figures

Chapter 2: Examining Data: Tables and Figures

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of these is a reason why researchers examine the data they have collected?

a. to detect outliers

b. to calculate measures of central tendency and variability

c. to test their research hypotheses

d. to draw inferences about populations

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Examine Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Which of the following is a reason why researchers examine the data they have collected?

a. to calculate measures of central tendency and variability

b. to detect coding or data entry errors

c. to test their research hypotheses

d. to draw inferences about populations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Examine Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of the following is a reason why researchers examine the data before conducting statistical analyses on the data?

a. to draw inferences about the sample

b. to test the null hypothesis

c. to determine whether the data meet statistical criteria and assumptions

d. to make comparisons between the sample and population

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Examine Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which of these is NOT a reason why researchers examine data they have collected?

a. to evaluate their research methodology

b. to assess the shape of the distribution of scores

c. to detect outliers

d. to prove their research hypotheses

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why Examine Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Which of these is NOT a reason why researchers examine data they have collected?

a. to evaluate their research methodology

b. to assess the shape of the distribution of scores

c. to draw inferences about populations

d. to detect outliers

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why Examine Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. ______ are rare, extreme scores that lie outside of the range of the majority of scores in a set of data.

a. Distributions

b. Outliers

c. Data point

d. Data errors

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Examine Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which of these is a reason why researchers examine data by creating tables and figures?

a. to prove their research hypotheses

b. to define their independent and dependent variables

c. to detect outliers

d. to draw conclusions about populations

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Examining Data Using Figures

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which of these is a reason why researchers examine data by creating tables and figures?

a. to calculate inferential statistics

b. to defend their research hypotheses

c. to gain an initial understanding of their data

d. to identify their independent and dependent variables

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Examining Data Using Figures

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which of these is a reason why researchers examine data by creating tables and figures?

a. to test their research hypotheses

b. to define their population

c. to figure out which variable is the independent variable

d. to understand the shape of the distribution

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Examining Data Using Figures

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Which of these is a reason why researchers examine data by creating tables and figures?

a. to prove a research hypothesis

b. to determine whether the population is skewed

c. to identify the modality of a distribution

d. to decide whether a variable is measured at the interval or ratio scale

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Examining Data: Describing Distributions

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. On the first day of class, students are asked to describe their plans after college (grad school, work, etc.); a ______ would be used to illustrate their responses to this question.

a. frequency polygon

b. normal distribution

c. histogram

d. bar chart

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. A researcher conducts a study on police effectiveness in reducing loitering. The respondents are asked to select from the answer choices “NOT effective, effective, or very effective.” Which type of figure is most appropriate to illustrate the responses to the question?

a. pie chart

b. bar chart

c. histogram

d. frequency polygon

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. You would use a ______ to illustrate data for the variable “Number of siblings.”

a. bar chart

b. histogram

c. frequency polygon

d. pie chart

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. You ask people to indicate the number of television sets in their residence (home, apartment, etc.). You would use a ______ to illustrate the data for this variable.

a. frequency polygon

b. histogram

c. bar chart

d. pie chart

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. You would use a ______ to illustrate data for the variable “Age in years” while a ______ would be used to illustrate “15 to 24; 25 to 34; 35 to 44; etc.”

a. frequency polygon; pie chart

b. histogram; pie chart

c. histogram; bar chart

d. frequency polygon; bar chart

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. You would use a ______ to illustrate data for the variable “Number of cars per driver.”

a. bar chart

b. histogram

c. frequency polygon

d. pie chart

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. You would use a ______ to illustrate data for the variable “Cost per vehicle.”

a. pie graph

b. bar chart

c. histogram

d. bar chart

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. You would use a ______ to illustrate data for a variable measured at the ______ scale of measurement.

a. pie graph; interval

b. frequency polygon; nominal

c. histogram; ordinal

d. bar chart; nominal

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. You would use a ______ to illustrate data for a variable measured at the ______ scale of measurement.

a. histogram; interval

b. frequency polygon; ordinal

c. pie graph; ratio

d. bar chart; ratio

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Hard

20. For a variable measured at the ______ scale of measurement, one would use a ______ to illustrate the data.

a. interval; pie graph

b. ratio; frequency polygon

c. nominal; histogram

d. ratio; bar chart

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. An instructor conducts a survey on the students to determine their religious preference. The data is measured at the ______ scale of measurement and therefore the instructor would use a ______ to illustrate the data.

a. nominal; pie graph

b. nominal; histogram

c. ordinal; bar chart

d. interval; pie graph

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Hard

22. An instructor determines the number of students looking at Facebook or Twitter pages during five of her lectures. She would use a ______ to illustrate this data because this variable is measured at the ______ scale of measurement.

a. pie graph; interval

b. frequency polygon; nominal

c. histogram; ratio

d. bar chart; ordinal

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table,______ of the sample work part-time; this represents ______ of the sample.

Employment status

f

%

Cum %

Full-time

20

17.2%

17.2%

Part-time

______

______

______

Not employed

42

36.2%

100.0%

Total

116

100.0%

a. 54; 63.8%

b. 62; 53.8%

c. 116; 63.8%

d. 54; 46.6%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

Employment status

f

%

Cum %

Full-time

20

17.2%

17.2%

Part-time

______

______

______

Not employed

42

36.2%

100.0%

Total

116

100.0%

a. pie graph

b. frequency polygon

c. histogram

d. bar chart

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of the sample are married; this represents ______ of the sample.

Marital status

f

%

Single

20

______

Married

______

______

Separated/divorced

42

______

Total

116

100.0%

a. 54; 46.6%

b. 62; 53.8%

c. 116; 63.8%

d. 54; 63.8%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

26. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

Marital status

f

%

Single

20

______

Married

______

______

Separated/divorced

42

______

Total

116

100.0%

a. pie graph

b. frequency polygon

c. histogram

d. bar chart

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample work 0-10 hours per week; this represents ______ of the sample.

# hours worked per week

f

%

> 40

7

______

31–40

15

______

21–30

19

______

11–20

29

______

0–10

______

______

Total

86

100.0%

a. 16; .19%

b. 70; 81.8%

c. 16; 18.6%

d. Cannot be determined with information provided

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

28. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

# hours worked per week

f

%

> 40

7

______

31–40

15

______

21–30

19

______

11–20

29

______

0–10

______

______

Total

86

100.0%

a. pie graph

b. bar chart

c. histogram

d. frequency polygon

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample are NOT employed; this represents ______ of the sample.

Employment status

f

%

Full-time

20

Part-time

42

36.2%

Not employed

______

______

Total

116

100.0%

a. 54; 63.8%

b. 62; 53.8%

c. 54; 46.6%

d. 116; 63.8%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

30. You would use a ______ to illustrate data for the ‘Employment status’ variable because it’s measured at the ______ scale of measurement.

Employment status

f

%

Full-time

20

17.2%

Part-time

42

36.2%

Not employed

______

______

Total

116

100.0%

a. pie graph; ratio

b. frequency polygon; nominal

c. histogram; ordinal

d. bar chart; nominal

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

Annual salary

f

%

> $80000

7

______

$60000–$80000

15

______

$40000–$60000

______

______

$20000–$40000

29

______

$0–$20000

16

______

Total

86

100.0%

a. pie graph

b. bar chart

c. histogram

d. frequency polygon

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample live in the 925 area code; this represents ______ of the sample.

Area code

f

%

408

______

26.1

415

6

______

510

10

______

650

25

______

925

______

______

Total

69

100.0%

a. 10; .15%

b. 15; 10.0%

c. 10; 14.5%

d. Cannot be determined with information provided

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

33. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

Area code

f

%

408

18

––––––

415

6

______

510

10

______

650

25

______

925

______

______

Total

69

100.0%

a. pie graph or frequency polygon

b. bar chart or histogram

c. histogram or frequency polygon

d. bar chart or pie graph

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of the students predicted Candidate C will win the election; this represents ______ of the sample.

Candidate

f

%

Candidate A

48

39.0%

Candidate B

7

______

Candidate C

______

______

Total

123

100.0%

a. 68; .55%

b. 68; 55.3%

c. 75; 61.0%

d. Cannot be determined with information provided

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

35. You would use either a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

Candidate

f

%

Candidate A

48

39.0%

Candidate B

7

______

Candidate C

______

______

Total

123

100.0%

a. pie graph or frequency polygon

b. bar chart or pie graph

c. histogram or frequency polygon

d. bar chart or histogram

Learning Objective: 2-4

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of the students had SAT Math scores between 200 and 400; this represents ______ of the class.

SAT Math score

f

%

600–800

31

22.3%

401–600

56

______

200–400

______

______

Total

139

100.0%

a. 37; 40.3%

b. 52; 37.4%

c. 52; .37%

d. Cannot be determined with information provided

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

37. You would use either a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

SAT Math score

f

%

600–800

31

22.3%

401–600

56

______

200–400

______

______

Total

139

100.0%

a. pie graph or frequency polygon

b. bar chart or pie graph

c. histogram or frequency polygon

d. bar chart or histogram

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample are ‘NOT sure’ of their plans after finishing college; this represents ______ of the sample.

Plans after college

f

%

Work full-time

29

______

Work part-time

15

______

Go to grad school

______

22.1%

Not sure

______

______

Total

86

100.0%

a. 20; 23.2%

b. 23; 26.8%

c. 42; 48.8%

d. Cannot be determined with information provided

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

39. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

Plans after college

f

%

Work full-time

29

______

Work part-time

15

______

Go to grad school

______

22.1%

Not sure

______

______

Total

86

100.0%

a. frequency polygon

b. bar chart

c. histogram

d. none of these is correct

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample believed 9 or more drinks defined ‘binge drinking’; this represents ______ of the sample.

# drinks

f

%

3 or less

15

13.2%

4

12

10.5%

5

21

18.4%

6

22

19.3%

7

10

8.8%

8

______

9.6%

9 or more

______

______

Total

114

100.0%

a. 35; 10.5%

b. 23; 20.2%

c. 12; 30.7%

d. Cannot be determined with information provided

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

41. Given the nature of this variable, you would use a ______ to illustrate the data for this variable.

# drinks

f

%

3 or less

15

13.2%

4

12

10.5%

5

21

18.4%

6

22

19.3%

7

10

8.8%

8

______

9.6%

9 or more

______

______

Total

114

100.0%

a. pie chart

b. normal distribution

c. bar chart

d. frequency polygon

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Interval and Ratio Variables: Histograms and Frequency Polygons

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample selected ‘Dinner’; this represents ______ of the sample.

Meal

f

%

Breakfast

8

13.6%

Lunch

31

______

Dinner

______

______

Total

59

100.0%

a. 20; 33.9%

b. 20; 86.4%

c. 39; 52.5%

d. 59; 33.9%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

43. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

Meal

f

%

Breakfast

8

13.6%

Lunch

31

______

Dinner

______

______

Total

59

100.0%

a. frequency polygon; ordinal

b. bar chart; nominal

c. histogram; interval

d. pie graph; ratio

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample selected ‘Lunch’; this represents ______ of the sample.

Meal

f

%

Breakfast

8

13.6%

Lunch

______

______

Dinner

20

______

Total

59

100.0%

a. 31; 52.5%

b. 31; 86.4%

c. 28; 47.5%

d. 59; 52.5%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

45. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

Day of Week

f

%

Monday

76

13.6%

Wednesday

91

______

Friday

______

______

Total

279

100.0%

a. frequency polygon; ordinal

b. bar chart; nominal

c. histogram; interval

d. pie graph; ratio

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample owned 0 phones; this represents ______ of the sample.

# phones

f

%

2

9

45.0%

1

4

______

0

______

______

Total

20

100.0%

a. 7; 35.0%

b. 7; 55.0%

c. 13; 20.0%

d. 20; 35.0%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

47. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

# phones

f

%

2

9

45.0%

1

4

______

0

______

______

Total

20

100.0%

a. frequency polygon; nominal

b. bar chart; interval

c. histogram; ratio

d. pie graph; ordinal

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample owned 1 phone; this represents ______ of the sample.

# phones

f

%

2

9

45.0%

1

______

______

0

7

______

Total

20

100.0%

a. 4; 20.0%

b. 4; 55.0%

c. 16; 80.0%

d. 20; 20.0%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

49. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample had ‘other’ hair color; this represents ______ of the sample.

Hair color

f

%

Blonde

86

40.4%

Brown

70

______

Other

______

______

Total

213

100.0%

a. 57; 26.8%

b. 57; 59.6%

c. 156; 32.9%

d. 213; 26.8%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

50. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

Hair color

f

%

Blonde

86

40.4%

Brown

70

______

Other

______

______

Total

213

100.0%

a. frequency polygon; ordinal

b. bar chart; nominal

c. histogram; interval

d. pie graph; ratio

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample preferred ‘Yellow’; this represents ______ of the sample.

Color

f

%

Red

86

40.4%

Yellow

______

______

Green

57

______

Total

213

100.0%

a. 70; 32.9%

b. 70; 59.6%

c. 143; 67.1%

d. 213; 32.9%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

52. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample took a math class; this represents ______ of the sample.

Science

f

%

Biology

46

33.1%

Chemistry

44

______

Physics

______

21.6%

Math

______

______

Total

139

100.0%

a. 19; 13.7%

b. 19; 45.3%

c. 49; 35.3%

d. 49; 13.7%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

53. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample took physics; on the other hand, ______took chemistry.

Science

f

%

Biology

46

33.1%

Chemistry

44

______

Physics

______

21.6%

Math

______

______

Total

139

100.0%

a. 49; 53.2%

b. 49; 35.3%

c. 30; 31.7%

d. 30; 45.3%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

54. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

Science

f

%

Biology

46

33.1%

Chemistry

44

______

Physics

______

21.6%

Math

______

______

Total

139

100.0%

a. frequency polygon; ordinal

b. bar chart; nominal

c. histogram; interval

d. pie graph; ratio

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample had 0 jobs; this represents ______ of the sample.

# jobs

f

%

3

28

31.5%

2

35

______

1

______

10.1%

0

______

______

Total

89

100.0%

a. 17; 19.1%

b. 17; 58.4%

c. 26; 29.2%

d. 26; 19.1%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

56. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample had 1 job; on the other hand, ______had 2 jobs.

# jobs

f

%

3

28

31.5%

2

35

______

1

______

10.1%

0

______

______

Total

89

100.0%

a. 9; 39.3%

b. 9; 58.4%

c. 26; 49.4%

d. 26; 29.2%

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

57. You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

# jobs

f

%

3

28

31.5%

2

35

______

1

______

10.1%

0

______

______

Total

89

100.0%

a. frequency polygon; nominal

b. bar chart; interval

c. histogram; ratio

d. pie graph; ordinal

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displaying Nominal and Ordinal Variables: Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Difficulty Level: Medium

58. A table that groups the values of a variable measured at the interval or ratio level of measurement into a small number of intervals is known as a ______.

a. percent distribution table

b. grouped frequency distribution table

c. cumulative frequency distribution table

d. cumulative percent distribution table

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

59. Which level of measurement of data would be BEST suited to construct a grouped frequency distribution?

a. dichotomous

b. nominal

c. ordinal

d. interval

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty level: Easy

60. Grouped frequency distribution tables are created to summarize data for variables measured at the ______ level of measurement.

a. nominal or interval

b. nominal or ordinal

c. ordinal or ratio

d. interval or ratio

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Medium

61. For which of these variables would you create a grouped frequency distribution table to summarize data you’ve collected?

a. college major

b. year in school

c. type of housing

d. distance from campus (miles)

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Medium

62. For which of these variables would you create a grouped frequency distribution table to summarize data you’ve collected?

a. type of automobile

b. miles per gallon

c. color of automobile

d. type of gasoline

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Medium

63. For which of these variables would you create a grouped frequency distribution table to summarize data you’ve collected?

a. number of calories

b. type of salad dressing

c. favorite restaurant

d. day of week

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Medium

64. For which of these variables would you create a grouped frequency distribution table to summarize data you’ve collected?

a. type of music

b. quality of video

c. number of downloads

d. favorite singer

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Medium

65. Real limits are ______.

a. the values of a variable that fall halfway between the top of one interval and the bottom of the next interval

b. the smallest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval

c. the largest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval

d. a small number of intervals that provide the frequencies within each interval

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

66. Real lower limits are ______.

a. the values of a variable that fall halfway between the top of one interval and the bottom of the next interval

b. the smallest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular level

c. the largest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval

d. a small number of intervals that provide the frequencies within each interval

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

67. Real upper limits are ______.

a. the values of a variable that fall halfway between the top of one interval and the bottom of the next interval

b. the smallest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular level

c. the largest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval

d. a small number of intervals that provide the frequencies within each interval

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

68. The smallest values of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval are ______.

a. real limits

b. real lower limits

c. real upper limits

d. grouped frequency distribution

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

69. The largest values of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval are ______.

a. real limits

b. real lower limits

c. real upper limits

d. grouped frequency distribution

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

70. When creating a grouped frequency distribution table, the number of intervals depends on ______.

a. the size of the population

b. the difference between the sample and the population

c. the distribution of data in the sample

d. arbitrary cutpoints

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Guidelines for Creating Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

71. Which of the following is NOT a guideline for creating grouped frequency distribution tables?

a. The number of intervals should accurately represent the data.

b. Intervals should be of equal size.

c. Intervals should not overlap.

d. The data are grouped into arbitrary intervals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Guidelines for Creating Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

72. The intervals created for a grouped frequency distribution table should represent the nature of the data as ______ as possible.

a. redundantly

b. accurately

c. arbitrarily

d. simplistically

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Guidelines for Creating Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

73. Which of the following is TRUE statement regarding intervals in a grouped frequency distribution table?

a. The intervals should be of equal size.

b. The intervals should overlap.

c. Many of the intervals should have a frequency of zero.

d. All of the intervals should have the same frequencies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Guidelines for Creating Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

74. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the cumulative percent (‘Cum %’) associated with 3 arrests is ______.

# arrests

f

%

Cum %

4+

1

5.0%

100.0%

3

1

______

______

2

3

______

______

1

7

35.0%

75.0%

0

8

40.0%

40.0%

Total

20

100.0%

a. 5.0%

b. 20.0%

c. 90.0%

d. 95.0%

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Medium

75. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the percentage (‘%’) for 2 arrests is ______; the cumulative percent (‘Cum %’) associated with 2 arrests is ______.

# arrests

f

%

Cum %

4+

1

5.0%

100.0%

3

1

______

______

2

3

______

______

1

7

35.0%

75.0%

0

8

40.0%

40.0%

Total

20

100.0%

a. 5.0%; 90.0%

b. 15.0%; 90.0%

c. 20.0%; 95.0%

d. 90.0%; 15.0%

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

76. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the cumulative percent (‘Cum %’) associated with 3 victimization is ______.

# victimizations

f

%

Cum %

4+

5

100.0%

3

7

______

______

2

8

______

______

1

7

17.5%

50.0%

0

13

32.5%

32.5%

Total

40

100.0%

a. 17.5%

b. 20.0%

c. 50.0%

d. 87.5%

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Medium

77. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the percentage (‘%’) for 2 arrests is ______; the cumulative percent (‘Cum %’) associated with 2 arrests is ______.

# victimizations

f

%

Cum %

4+

5

12.5%

100.0%

3

7

______

2

8

______

1

7

17.5%

50.0%

0

13

32.5%

32.5%

Total

40

100.0%

a. 17.5%; 87.5%

b. 70.0%; 20.0%

c. 20.0%; 70.0%

d. 87.5%; 17.5%

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

78. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the cumulative percent (‘Cum %’) associated with 11th grade is ______.

Year in school

f

%

Cum %

12th

2

5.3%

100.0%

11th

6

______

______

10th

7

______

______

9th

10

26.3%

60.5%

8th

13

34.2%

34.2%

Total

38

100.0%

a. 15.8%

b. 34.2%

c. 78.9%

d. 94.7%

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Medium

79. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the percentage (‘%’) for 10th grade is ______; the cumulative percent (‘Cum %’) associated with 10th grade is ______.

Year in school

f

%

Cum %

12th

2

5.3%

100.0%

11th

6

______

______

10th

7

______

______

9th

10

26.3%

60.5%

8th

13

34.2%

34.2%

Total

38

100.0%

a. 15.8%; 78.9%

b. 18.4%; 78.9%

c. 34.2%; 94.7%

d. 78.9%; 18.4%

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Hard

80. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the cumulative percent (‘Cum %’) associated with a B grade is ______.

Grade

f

%

Cum %

A

19

16.7%

100.0%

B

42

______

______

C

27

______

______

D

16

14.0%

22.8%

F

10

8.8%

8.8%

Total

114

100.0%

a. 46.5%

b. 36.8%

c. 60.5%

d. 83.3%

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Medium

81. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the cumulative percent (‘Cum %’) associated with a rating of ‘Very good’ is ______.

Rating

f

%

Cum %

Excellent

33

14.2%

100.0%

Very good

52

______

______

Good

86

______

______

Fair

41

17.7%

26.3%

Poor

20

8.6%

8.6%

Total

232

100.0%

a. 22.4%

b. 59.5%

c. 63.4%

d. 85.8%

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Medium

82. Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the cumulative percent (‘Cum %’) associated with a score of 31-40 is ______.

Score

f

%

Cum %

41-50

17

36.2%

100.0%

31-40

14

______

______

21-30

9

______

______

11-20

4

8.5%

14.9%

0-10

3

6.4%

6.4%

Total

47

100.0%

a. 29.8%

b. 48.9%

c. 34.0%

d. 63.8%

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Percentage of the Sample Has Each Value of the Variable?

Difficulty Level: Medium

83. In constructing figures such as bar charts and frequency polygons, the American Psychological Association recommends that ______.

a. figures be numbered using Roman numerals (Figure I, Figure II, etc.)

b. figures have a square shape, with the same horizontal and vertical dimensions

c. values along the vertical (Y) axis start with the value of zero (0)

d. the vertical axis (Y-axis) be divided into 2-3 values of the variable

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Drawing Inappropriate Conclusions from Figures

Difficulty Level: Easy

84. In constructing figures such as bar charts and frequency polygons, the American Psychological Association recommends that ______.

a. figures be numbered using letters (Figure A, Figure B, etc.)

b. figures have a rectangular shape, with the length of the horizontal (X) axis greater than the height of the vertical (Y) axis

c. labels along the X and Y axes be written in all capital letters (i.e., MALE, FEMALE)

d. the vertical axis (Y-axis) be divided into 2-3 values of the variable

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Drawing Inappropriate Conclusions from Figures

Difficulty Level: Easy

85. In constructing figures such as bar charts and frequency polygons, the American Psychological Association recommends that ______.

a. figures be numbered using Arabic numbers (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.)

b. the vertical axis (Y-axis) be divided into 15-20 values of the variable

c. labels along the X and Y axes be written in all lower-case letters (i.e., male, female)

d. the horizontal (X) axis contains the frequency (f) or percentage (%) of the sample with each value of the variable

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Drawing Inappropriate Conclusions from Figures

Difficulty Level: Easy

86. Which of the following is included in the APA guidelines for creating figures?

a. The figure should include a title that describes the contents of the figure.

b. The labels for the X and Y-axes are short enough to fit on one line along the axes.

c. The X axis contains the frequency of the variable and the Y axis contains the value of the variable.

d. The Y-axis starts with the value 0 and is divided into equally spaced values or intervals.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Drawing Inappropriate Conclusions from Figures

Difficulty Level: Medium

87. Which of these is NOT one of the three aspects of distributions discussed in the textbook?

a. variability

b. directionality

c. symmetry

d. modality

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Examining Data: Describing Distributions

Difficulty Level: Easy

88. Which of these is NOT one of the three aspects of distributions discussed in the textbook?

a. variability

b. frequency

c. symmetry

d. modality

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Examining Data: Describing Distributions

Difficulty Level: Easy

89. The three aspects of distributions include ______.

a. modality, variability, symmetry

b. modality, variability, frequency

c. variability, symmetry, magnitude

d. variability, directionality, magnitude

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Examining Data: Describing Distributions

Difficulty Level: Medium

90. A ______ distribution is a distribution where one value occurs with the greatest frequency.

a. unimodal

b. bimodal

c. trimodal

d. multimodal

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Modality

Difficulty Level: Easy

91. A ______ distribution is one in which two values clearly distinct from each other have the greatest frequency.

a. unimodal

b. bimodal

c. trimodal

d. multimodal

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Modality

Difficulty Level: Easy

92. This type of distribution in one in which more than two values have the greatest frequency.

a. unimodal

b. bimodal

c. trimodal

d. multimodal

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Modality

Difficulty Level: Easy

93. You would use the word ______ in describing a distribution that is ______

a. bimodal; skewed

b. skewed; symmetrical

c. normal; asymmetrical

d. skewed; asymmetrical

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Medium

94. You would use the word ______ to describe the ______ of a distribution

a. bimodal; variability

b. skewed; variability

c. skewed; symmetry

d. flat; modality

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Medium

95. You would use the word ______ to describe the ______ of a distribution

a. symmetrical; modality

b. peaked; variability

c. skewed; modality

d. flat; symmetry

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Variability

Difficulty Level: Medium

96. You would use the word ______ to describe the ______ of a distribution

a. symmetrical; modality

b. skewed; modality

c. flat; variability

d. bimodal; symmetry

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Variability

Difficulty Level: Medium

97. The variability of a distribution refers to the amount of what in a distribution of data for a variable?

a. skewness

b. symmetry

c. variability

d. modality

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Variability

Difficulty Level: Easy

98. After grading an examination, an instructor realizes the exam was much harder than he planned. He realizes this because the shape of the distribution of exam scores is ______.

a. positively skewed

b. negatively skewed

c. symmetrical

d. flat

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Hard

99. After grading an examination, an instructor realizes the exam was much easier than she planned. She reaches this conclusion because the shape of the distribution of exam scores is ______.

a. positively skewed

b. normal

c. negatively skewed

d. flat

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Hard

100. After grading an examination, an instructor realizes the exam was much harder than she planned. She reaches this conclusion because the shape of the distribution of exam scores is ______.

a. bimodal

b. flat

c. skewed

d. normal

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Medium

101. A researcher asks a sample of people about their attitudes toward same-sex marriage and concludes that most people in her sample are strongly in favor of it, with relatively few people either undecided or against it. She reaches this conclusion because the shape of the distribution is ______.

a. normal

b. flat

c. skewed

d. bimodal

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Modality

Difficulty Level: Medium

102. After grading an examination, an instructor realizes her class is comprised of students who either completely understand the material or do NOT understand the material at all. She reaches this conclusion because the shape of the distribution of exam scores is ______.

a. bimodal

b. flat

c. skewed

d. normal

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Medium

103. A researcher asks a sample of people about their attitudes toward same-sex marriage and concludes people are either strongly in favor of it or strongly opposed, with relatively few people either unsure or indifferent. She reaches this conclusion because the shape of the distribution is ______.

a. normal

b. peaked

c. skewed

d. bimodal

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Modality

Difficulty Level: Medium

104. After grading an examination, an instructor realizes there is a wide range of ability among her students. She reaches this conclusion because the shape of the distribution is ______.

a. flat

b. skewed

c. abnormal

d. peaked

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Variability

Difficulty Level: Medium

105. A researcher asks a sample of people about their attitudes toward marijuana legalization and concludes people have a wide variety of opinions, and are equally likely to be anywhere between strongly in favor of it to strongly opposed to it. She reaches this conclusion because the shape of the distribution is ______.

a. flat

b. skewed

c. abnormal

d. peaked

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Variability

Difficulty Level: Medium

106. A researcher asks a sample of people about a particular politician and concludes the virtually everyone has the same opinion of the politician. She reaches this conclusion because the shape of the distribution is ______.

a. peaked

b. bimodal

c. normal

d. flat

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Variability

Difficulty Level: Medium

107. Which of the following BEST describes the shape of this distribution?

scan

a. skewed

b. symmetrical

c. bimodal

d. flat

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Easy

108. Which of the following BEST describes the shape of this distribution?

scan0005

a. skewed

b. symmetrical

c. bimodal

d. asymmetrical

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Easy

109. Which of the following LEAST describes the shape of this distribution?

a. normal

b. symmetrical

c. unimodal

d. skewed

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Easy

110. Which of the following BEST describes the shape of this distribution?

a. flat

b. asymmetrical

c. bimodal

d. skewed

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Easy

111. Which of the following LEAST describes the shape of this distribution?

a. normal

b. asymmetrical

c. unimodal

d. skewed

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Variability

Difficulty Level: Easy

112. A pollster finds that people are either strongly in favor of abortion or are strongly opposed. Which of these BEST describes the distribution of salaries?

scan0066

A

scan0065

B

scan0067

C

scan0066

D

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Modality

Difficulty Level: Medium

113. A university surveys its students and finds the large majority of students are ‘somewhat satisfied’ with the education they have received, with only a few students either ‘very unsatisfied’ or ‘very satisfied. Which of these BEST describes the distribution of salaries?

scan0066

A

scan0065

B

scan0067

C

peaked

D

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Modality

Difficulty Level: Medium

114. A university asks students to indicate their level of satisfaction with their education (from low to high). They find the large majority of students are ‘very satisfied’ with their education, with relatively few students either ‘very unsatisfied’ or ‘satisfied’. Which of these BEST describes this distribution?

scan0066

A

flat

B

scan0066

C

peaked

D

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Medium

115. A judge has been hired to resolve the salary negotiations between a company and its labor union. The great majority of union members have relatively low salaries; however, a small percentage of union members have very high salaries. Which of these BEST describes the distribution of salaries?

scan0065

A

scan0067

B

scan0066

C

scan0066

D

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Medium

116. For the set of data below, pick the choice that BEST describes the shape of the distribution: 3, 7, 7, 12, 6, 7, 4, 7, 9, 7

a. normal

b. bimodal

c. flat

d. peaked

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Variability

Difficulty Level: Hard

117. Which of the following BEST describes the shape of the distribution of these 11 scores? 16, 17, 12, 23, 18, 15, 17, 18, 17, 20, 16

a. bimodal

b. peaked

c. skewed

d. symmetrical

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Hard

118. Which of the following BEST describes the shape of the distribution?

9, 4, 1, 6, 9, 8, 11, 9, 8, 9, 7

a. skewed

b. bimodal

c. symmetrical

d. flat

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Hard

119. Which of the following BEST describes the shape of the distribution?

9, 2, 4, 6, 4, 7, 9, 4, 9, 11, 5

a. skewed

b. bimodal

c. symmetrical

d. flat

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Modality

Difficulty Level: Medium

120. Which of the following BEST describes the shape of the distribution?

4 13 18 4 6 2 4 6 4 8

a. skewed

b. bimodal

c. symmetrical

d. flat

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Symmetry

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

1. Grouped frequency distribution tables group the values of a variable measured at the interval or ratio level of measurement into a small number of intervals.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Grouped frequency distribution tables are used for variables measured at the ordinal level of measurement.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. When constructing a grouped frequency distribution table, you do NOT want many of the intervals to have a frequency (f) of zero.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Guidelines for Creating Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. A grouped frequency distribution table should NOT have so few intervals that a large majority of the data falls into only one or two intervals.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Guidelines for Creating Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. When constructing a grouped frequency distribution table, the intervals do NOT have to be of equal size.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Guidelines for Creating Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables

Difficulty Level: Easy

Document Information

Document Type:
DOCX
Chapter Number:
2
Created Date:
Aug 21, 2025
Chapter Name:
Chapter 2 Examining Data Tables And Figures
Author:
Howard T. Tokunaga

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