Chapter 17: Social Problems and Social Action

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which two concepts of C. Wright Mills are used throughout the textbook?

a. power elite and anomie

b. social troubles and collective conscience

c. personal troubles and labeling

d. personal troubles and public issues

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Which sociological perspective sees the solution to social problems as replacing the current society with a more equitable one by incorporating marginalized groups in redefining power structures?

a. conflict

b. functionalist

c. feminist

d. interactionist

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Which sociological perspective examines problems from a micro level?

a. functionalism

b. interactionism

c. conflict

d. feminism

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Which sociological perspective believes that social problems are the result of social, economic, or political inequalities in society?

a. interactionist theory

b. feminist theory

c. functionalist theory

d. conflict theory

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which sociological perspective assumes that order is normal for society?

a. functionalism

b. interactionism

c. conflict

d. feminism

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which sociological perspective points out that deviant and criminal behavior is learned from other people?

a. functionalism

b. interactionism

c. conflict

d. feminism

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Conscious, collective, organized attempts to bring about or resist large-scale change in the social order are known as which of these?

a. social imperatives

b. social movements

c. social directives

d. social facts

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Social movements are classified by which of these factors?

a. number of people involved, and the economic resources available

b. buy-in level from others and adaptability of the larger society

c. scope of the intended change and adaptability of the larger society

d. scope of the intended change and how much change is intended

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. A social movement intended to create limited social change by working in the society, itself, is called which of these?

a. expressive

b. instrumental

c. reformative

d. revolutionary

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis.

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Social movements are seen as ______ attempts by ______ groups to mobilize their political leverage to advance their interests.

a. rational; included

b. rational; excluded

c. irrational; included

d. rational; excluded

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. A social movement intended to change the structure of the society, itself, is called which of these?

a. expressive

b. instrumental

c. reformative

d. revolutionary

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Christian evangelism, a movement which attempts partial change of both society and individuals, is an example of an ______ social movement.

a. expressive, reform

b. expressive, revolutionary

c. instrumental, reform

d. instrumental, revolutionary

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of these theories emphasizes the distinctive features of recent social movements including different ideologies and distrust of formal organizations?

a. new social movements theory

b. reform social movements theory

c. revolutionary social movements theory

d. instrumental movement theory

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which of these is TRUE of new social movements?

a. They are focused on economic issues.

b. Their members act on their own interests, rather than in the interest of others.

c. They are associated with large scale, formal organizations.

d. Their members are associated with a new middle class of younger, social, and cultural specialists.

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. What are people experiencing when they expect that society will treat them in one way and they perceive that they are not getting what they expected?

a. absolute deprivation

b. resource mobilization

c. relative deprivation

d. cognitive liberation

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. A social movement requires a number of factors to be effective. Which of these is not cited in your text as one of these important factors?

a. leadership

b. organizational infrastructure

c. knowledge

d. individualism

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. This theory argues that a social movement requires skills in the form of leadership, talent, knowledge, and organizational infrastructure in order to be successful.

a. absolute deprivation theory

b. resource mobilization theory

c. political process model

d. cognitive liberation theory

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The political process model emphasizes the relationship between a favorable structure of political opportunities and which of these?

a. a charismatic leader

b. a small influential group

c. a mobilized social movement

d. social media

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of these has been described as the first worldwide postmodern movement?

a. Black Lives Matter

b. #Me too

c. Arab Spring

d. Occupy Wall Street

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Cognitive liberation is similar to which of these sociological concepts?

a. class consciousness

b. anomie

c. sociological imagination

d. labeling

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. The recognition that one’s situation is unjust is called which of these?

a. collective consciousness

b. cognitive liberation

c. a social movement

d. anomie

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. For Karl Marx, establishing a critical consciousness led a society to which of these?

a. evolution

b. reform

c. revolution

d. collapse

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Which of the following is most responsible for social change in early human history according to your author?

a. trial and error

b. social movements

c. revolutions

d. technology

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Which of the following is most responsible for social change in modern history according to your author?

a. trial and error

b. social movements

c. revolutions

d. technology

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Which of these countries is NOT included in your reading as having a successful early revolution?

a. France

b. Denmark

c. Russia

d. China

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. The most important reform movements in the first half of the 20^th century in the United States focused on which of these?

a. grievances related to religion

b. grievances related to social class

c. grievances related to civil rights

d. grievances related to ethnic/racial movements

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. In order to be successful, your text indicates that social movements often change three areas. Which of these is one of those areas?

a. religious beliefs

b. educational practices

c. nutritional behaviors

d. cultural beliefs

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Which of these is the largest organization of feminist activists in the United States?

a. National Organization of Women

b. Feminist Majority Foundation

c. The National Women’s Law Center

d. The National Women’s Political Caucus

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Have Reform Movements Made a Difference?

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. As of 2012, ______ of the necessary 38 states had ratified the ERA.

a. 0

b. 15

c. 25

d. 35

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Have Reform Movements Made a Difference?

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. What is the term for sociology that promotes a dialogue outside the academy with a variety of public audiences?

a. sociological imagination

b. applied sociology

c. public sociology

d. sociology of social movements

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Who said "Sociology … is different for all because each must find a way to live in a world that threatens even while it provides. Grace is never cheap. In the end, what remains is that we all have a stake in the world. Like it or not, life is always life together. Social living is the courage to accept what we cannot change in order to do what can be done about the rest”?

a. C. Wright Mills

b. Karl Marx

c. Charles Lemert

d. Michael Burawoy

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Sociologist Michael Burawoy asserts that sociology should seek to do which of these?

a. a full schedule of classes each semester with emphasis in sociology

b. public adherence to sociological principles

c. to take sociological ideas into the community, extending beyond academia

d. to address only public issues

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. According to UCLA’s annual survey of entering college freshman, ______ of those surveyed rate the life goal of influencing the political structure as “very important” or “essential.”

a. 5%

b. 30%

c. 50%

d. 75%

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. In 2009, Congress acted on the tragedy of 9/11 by constituting the day as which of the following?

a. National Day of Mourning

b. National Day of Service

c. National Day of Prayer

d. National Day of Community

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which president created the United We Serve initiative which highlighted the importance of community service?

a. Theodore Roosevelt

b. Bill Clinton

c. Barak Obama

d. Jimmy Carter

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. According to the Corporation for National and Community Service (2009), when President Obama launched the United We Serve initiative, he called for which of these?

a. illegal immigrants to become part of a serving community in the U.S.

b. Americans to stop being so lazy and volunteer

c. a sustained collaborative and focused effort to promote service as a way of life for all Americans

d. increased social welfare benefits for all Americans

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. What was the outcome of the Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act?

a. It instigated the Occupy Wall Street social movement in the South.

b. It mandated that all high schools offer community service programs for students.

c. It tripled the number of intensive service opportunities in the AmeriCorps program.

d. It increased segregation throughout the country.

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. According to your text, what is the first step in making social change?

a. recognizing you can make a difference

b. voting

c. marching

d. volunteering

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Which of these helps you make positive change in your community?

a. Act as if you are in your college community temporarily.

b. Join others who have different interests.

c. Do the right thing, even if you don’t like it.

d. Volunteer!

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Early sociological thinking emerged out of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Functionalists believe that social institutions—like the family, education, and religion—work independently to meet the needs of society.

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Feminists focus on how economic inequalities lead to social problems.

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Research reveals that the federal government is the only effective agent of social change.

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. One characteristic of the “new” social movements is that they try to work with formal organizations much more so than did past social movements.

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Social movements are classified based on two characteristics: the scope of the intended change and how much change is desired.

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Expressive social movements attempt to change individuals and individual behaviors.

Learning Objective: 17-1: Explain the relationship between sociology, social movements, and social change.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Reform movements are most likely to work outside of the existing system to bring social change.

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. According to resource mobilization theory, no social movement can succeed without resources.

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The political process model insists that no social movement can succeed without resources.

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. History shows that successful revolutions are common.

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The most important U.S. reform movements in the first half of the twentieth century focused on grievances related to social class.

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Relative deprivation by itself is enough to create a social movement.

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Social movements gain strength when they develop symbols and a sense of community.

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Successful social movements rarely begin with individual efforts.

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Public sociology is a sociology that promotes dialogue between academic disciplines.

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. In UCLA’s survey of college first-year students, over half said they had spoken up for a public cause.

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Making the Last Connection

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Compare and contrast reform movements and revolutionary social movements. Provide one example of each.

Learning Objective: 17-2: Distinguish between reform and revolutionary movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Briefly describe the criteria for cognitive liberation and explain how you see a recent social movement (such as Black Lives Matter or #MeToo) incorporating cognitive liberation.

Learning Objective: 17-3: Compare cognitive liberation and collective consciousness.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application

Answer Location: How Do Social Movements Begin?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Successful reform movements generate change in three areas. What are they? Describe a reform movement and identify evidence of change in all three of these areas.

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application

Answer Location: How Have Reform Movements Made a Difference?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Describe an issue that you care about that could be related to a social problem. Explain what causes it, who it impacts, and what the impact is. Discuss the steps involved in effecting change around this problem and explain the actions you are willing and able to take in order to make a difference.

Steps identified by author:

• Make connections to their community
• Explore opportunities to get involved
• DO what they enjoy doing
• Go out and do it

Learning Objective: 17-4: Identify the three areas of change for successful reform movements.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application

Answer Location: How Have Reform Movements Made a Difference?

Difficulty Level: Medium