Exam Prep Bioethical Issues Ch.7

Catalano

Chapter 7: Bioethical Issues

Questions

1. Which process is viewed by scientists as the first step to understanding how life developed on Earth and eventually as a way to create designer bacteria that can produce everything from medicines to biofuels?

1. Analogous recombination

2. Homologous recombination

3. Endogenous recombination

4. Heterologous recombination

2. Which legislative act made it illegal for insurance companies to genetically screen individuals, even infants, for costly and potentially lethal diseases that might occur later in life, thus saving insurance companies a great deal of money?

1. Affordable Care Act

2. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

3. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

4. Emergency Treatment and Active Labor Act

3. The legal system became aware of the potential abuses of procedures performed on in vitro fetuses and passed legislation to control their use, including limiting the age of in vitro fetuses to what age, after which they have to be destroyed?

1. 6 weeks

2. 8 weeks

3. 10 weeks

4. 12 weeks

4. What is the most commonly used criterion for determining death in deceased donors?

1. Cardiologic criteria

2. Respiratory criteria

3. Neurologic criteria

4. Osteopathic criteria

5. Typically, only which organs are recovered and transplanted from a donation after cardiac death (DCD) donor?

1. Corneas

2. Kidneys

3. Lungs

4. Liver

6. Which legislative act created the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) to regulate organ allocation and maintain the national organ transplant waiting list?

1. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

2. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

3. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

4. National Organ Transplant Act

7. Which legislative act has created a myriad of ethical and legal issues, but all transplantation organizations agree that not accepting the donation from a medically suitable donor is a violation of this law?

1. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

2. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

3. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

4. National Organ Transplant Act

8. Which legislative act was passed to help guide health-care workers in the use of genetic information and the protections for clients under the law?

1. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

2. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

3. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

4. National Organ Transplant Act

9. Similar to fetal stem cells, adult stem cells found in which area lack differentiation and have the ability to grow into different types of cells, including nerve cells, liver cells, heart cells, and cartilage cells?

1. Plasma

2. Platelets

3. Bone marrow

4. Peripheral blood

10. The best fetal tissue comes from fetuses aborted during which period because they have well-developed nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal systems and are capable of feeling pain?

1. First trimester

2. Second trimester

3. Third trimester

4. During the birth process

11. Stem cells from which area, like all postnatal cells, are considered to be “adult” stem cells and are responsible for the development of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, thereby making these cells a viable treatment option for blood and immune system diseases, cancers, and congenital defects?

1. Placenta

2. Bone marrow

3. Peripheral blood

4. Umbilical cord

12. Although organ donation is done in a clinical setting, tissue and eye retrieval can take place in such venues as hospital morgues, funeral homes, and specialized recovery suites anywhere in which timeframe after cardiac death has occurred?

1. 4 to 12 hours

2. 12 to 24 hours

3. 24 to 36 hours

4. 36 to 48 hours

13. Donation of which of the following is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a medical implant or device and is subject to stringent quality-control guidelines?

1. Liver

2. Kidneys

3. Lungs

4. Human tissue

14. Donated tissue can be processed and stored for up to 10 years after recovery. Which of the following is an exception to this rule?

1. Skin

2. Bone

3. Tendons

4. Heart valves

15. The practice of honoring do not resuscitate orders, living wills, and withdrawal of ventilators or other life support falls under which umbrella definition?

1. Active euthanasia

2. Passive euthanasia

3. Voluntary euthanasia

4. Involuntary euthanasia

Questions, Answers, and Rationales

1. Which process is viewed by scientists as the first step to understanding how life developed on Earth and eventually as way to create designer bacteria that can produce everything from medicines to biofuels?

1. Analogous recombination

2. Homologous recombination

3. Endogenous recombination

4. Heterologous recombination

Page: 7

2. Which legislative act made it illegal for insurance companies to genetically screen individuals, even infants, for costly and potentially lethal diseases that might occur later in life, thus saving insurance companies a great deal of money?

1. Affordable Care Act

2. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

3. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

4. Emergency Treatment and Active Labor Act

Page: 8

3. The legal system became aware of the potential abuses of procedures performed on in vitro fetuses and passed legislation to control their use, including limiting the age of in vitro fetuses to what age, after which they have to be destroyed?

1. 6 weeks

2. 8 weeks

3. 10 weeks

4. 12 weeks

Page: 13

4. What is the most commonly used criterion for determining death in deceased donors?

1. Cardiologic criteria

2. Respiratory criteria

3. Neurologic criteria

4. Osteopathic criteria

Page: 22

5. Typically, only which organs are recovered and transplanted from a donation after cardiac death (DCD) donor?

1. Corneas

2. Kidneys

3. Lungs

4. Liver

Page: 22

6. Which legislative act created the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) to regulate organ allocation and maintain the national organ transplant waiting list?

1. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

2. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

3. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

4. National Organ Transplant Act

Page: 23

7. Which legislative act has created a myriad of ethical and legal issues, but all transplantation organizations agree that not accepting the donation from a medically suitable donor is a violation of this law?

1. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

2. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

3. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

4. National Organ Transplant Act

Page: 23

8. Which legislative act was passed to help guide health-care workers in the use of genetic information and the protections for clients under the law?

1. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

2. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

3. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

4. National Organ Transplant Act

Page: 8

9. Similar to fetal stem cells, adult stem cells found in which area lack differentiation and have the ability to grow into different types of cells, including nerve cells, liver cells, heart cells, and cartilage cells?

1. Plasma

2. Platelets

3. Bone marrow

4. Peripheral blood

Page: 15

10. The best fetal tissue comes from fetuses aborted during which period because they have well-developed nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal systems and are capable of feeling pain?

1. First trimester

2. Second trimester

3. Third trimester

4. During the birth process

Page: 15

11. Stem cells from which area, like all postnatal cells, are considered to be “adult” stem cells and are responsible for the development of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, thereby making these cells a viable treatment option for blood and immune system diseases, cancers, and congenital defects?

1. Placenta

2. Bone marrow

3. Peripheral blood

4. Umbilical cord

Page: 17

12. Although organ donation is done in a clinical setting, tissue and eye retrieval can take place in such venues as hospital morgues, funeral homes, and specialized recovery suites anywhere in which timeframe after cardiac death has occurred?

1. 4 to 12 hours

2. 12 to 24 hours

3. 24 to 36 hours

4. 36 to 48 hours

Page: 28

13. Donation of which of the following is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a medical implant or device and is subject to stringent quality control guidelines?

1. Liver

2. Kidneys

3. Lungs

4. Human tissue

Page: 28

14. Donated tissue can be processed and stored for up to 10 years after recovery. Which of the following is an exception to this rule?

1. Skin

2. Bone

3. Tendons

4. Heart valves

Page: 29

15. The practice of honoring do not resuscitate orders, living wills, and withdrawal of ventilators or other life support falls under which umbrella definition?

1. Active euthanasia

2. Passive euthanasia

3. Voluntary euthanasia

4. Involuntary euthanasia

Page: 48