Environmental Worldviews, Ethics, And | Test Bank Docx Ch.25

CHAPTER 25—ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS, ETHICS, AND SUSTAINABILITY

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What was the major point learned in the 1991 Biosphere 2 experiment?

2. Which worldview understands the earth to be a complex machine that we can understand, dominate, change, and manage for everyone's good without overloading natural systems?

3. Which worldview is based on a belief that the best way to manage the planet for human benefit involves minimal government interference and regulation?

4. What are the three major environmental worldviews?

5. Part of the environmental wisdom worldview proposes that success involves ____.

6. What idea aligns most with the earth-centered worldview?

7. Which approach proposes that we can solve any environmental, population, or resource problem with more economic growth and development, better management, and better technology?

8. What environmental worldview is seen by critics as focused on short-term economic benefits with little regard for long term harmful consequences?

9. Which worldview proposes that when we use the earth's natural capital, we are borrowing from the earth and from future generations?

10. Which statement aligns most with the environmental wisdom worldview?

11. Which worldview is exemplified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the management of refuges protecting habitats and breeding areas for waterfowl and big game?

12. What statement best describes a major assumption of the planetary management worldview?

13. Which term is synonymous with an anthropocentric worldview?

14. Studying the earth’s living systems to find out what works and what lasts, and then looking at how we might copy such earth wisdom, is a pioneering science called ____.

15. Which of the following could be an agent of change that contributes to more sustainable living?

16. Which statement most supports the ethical guidelines for living more sustainably?

17. What is one of the components of a sustainability revolution?

18. Which action is characteristic of voluntary simplicity?

19. What is an example of reducing our ecological footprints?

20. A characteristic of exponential growth is that the growth ____.

1. The Biosphere 2 experiment was a complete success.

2. The no-problem school worldview is part of the environmental wisdom worldview.

3. People with earth-centered worldviews believe that humans are in charge of the world and that the earth's life support systems are subservient to human demands.

4. The spaceship-earth worldview understands the earth as a complex machine that we can dominate, change, and manage.

5. Most people with a life-centered worldview believe we have an ethical responsibility to avoid causing the premature extinction of species.

6. The environmental wisdom worldview believes we should talk about saving the earth because the earth is in need of saving.

7. Those who adhere to the free-market worldview suggest that all public property resources should be converted to private property resources.

8. Research by psychologists have found that a growing number of people want more of a sense of community as opposed to more stuff.

9. Technological fixes, such as being more efficient in resource use, have been able to keep up with expansion of global resource use.

10. About three-fourths of the United States federal public land is in Alaska.

1. An environmental worldview is determined partly by a person’s ____________________ —what one believes about what is right and what is wrong in our behavior toward the environment.

2. Ways of thinking about how the world works and beliefs that people hold about their roles in the natural world is referred to as a(n) ____________________.

3. The stewardship worldview holds that as we use natural capital we are ____________________ from future generations.

4. Devotion to preserving the earth's biodiversity and life systems for now and in the future is part of the ____________________ worldview.

5. Humans are seen as separate from the rest of nature, and they can manage nature to meet increasing needs and wants according to the ____________________ worldview.

6. The concept that we have an ethical responsibility to be caring and responsible managers of the earth is associated with the ____________________ worldview.

7. Some affluent people in more-developed countries have adopted a lifestyle of ____________________, in which they seek to live with much less than they are accustomed to having.

8. Some analysts suggest that for some people, acquiring more and more goods should be treated as a(n) ____________________ .

9. Environmental leaders say it is time for a(n) ____________________ revolution to change the way we treat the earth.

10. In the planetary management worldview, the potential for economic growth is ____________________.

1. The text indicates that most conservation biologists, environmental economists, and many free-market economists believe that four principles should govern the use of public lands. List three of these principles.

1. They should be used primarily for protecting biodiversity, wildlife habitats, and ecosystems.

2. No one should receive government subsidies or tax breaks for using or extracting resources on public lands.

3. The American people deserve fair compensation for the use of their property.

4. All users or extractors of resources on public lands should be fully responsible for any environmental damage they cause.

PTS: 1 TOP: 25-1 What Are Some Major Environmental Worldviews?

KEY: Bloom's: Remember NOT: New

2. Beginning with self at the lowest level and biosphere at the highest level, identify the levels of ethical concern.

3. The textbook lists five steps that some psychologists have advised people to take to help them withdraw from an addiction to buying more and more stuff. List three of these steps.

4. According to the text, what four human activities have the greatest harmful impacts on the environment?

5. Some analysts have suggested that the environmental movement has focused too much on laying blame, which has then led people to feel guilty, fearful, and apathetic. They suggest that we move beyond these immobilizing feelings by recognizing and avoiding two common mental traps that lead to denial, indifference, and inaction. What are these two common mental traps?

1. The Biosphere 2 experiment could be seen as a failure, or it could be seen as an affirmation that nature is exceedingly complex and should not be degraded or destroyed.

In which way do you view Biosphere 2? Explain your answer.

2. What does a sense of place mean? Do you have such a place, and if so, where is it? Do you think a sense of place is important? What would you do to protect that place?

3. Consider the section "We Can Live More Simply and Lightly on the Earth." Do you agree that many of the things we now feel are necessities, are actually luxuries? Could you do without them, or are they now part of your necessities? How does your worldview affect your sense of what is necessary?

4. Some analysts suggest the need to continually acquire “more and more goods” should be treated as an addiction. Do you agree? What difference would it make if we did treat it as an addiction? Is this an addiction that we would be willing to work on?

5. According to the environmental wisdom worldview, “all efforts to promote sustainability are local and personal.” How do you look at this concept? Do you think all sustainability efforts are local and personal, or national/global and impersonal? Explain.