Chapter 8: Education and Opportunity: Attempts at Equality and Equity in Education

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ efforts have historically focused on integrating Black and White students.

A. Segregation

B. Desegregation

C. Resegregation

D. none of these

2. In the 1980s, the emphasis shifted from a focus on desegregation to one of ______.

A. achievement

B. charter schools

C. equality

D. mobility

3. Which Supreme Court case decision was heralded for the successful integration of schools in one district?

A. Brown v. Board of Education

B. Plessey v. Ferguson

C. Roe v. Wade

D. Charlotte v. Mecklenburg Board of Education

4. According to Holland, social status among students is affected by ______.

A. parent’s socioeconomic status

B. a student’s athletic ability

C. a student’s personality

D. all of these

5. VDP stands for ______.

A. vocational diploma program

B. voluntary desegregation program

C. veterans for decision and policy

D. none of these

6. According to Holland, why are Black males more likely to date White females than Black females are to date White males?

A. Black males were rated to be more attractive to White students than Black females.

B. Black males were more likely to have reputations of sexual prowess.

C. Black males typically had much higher social status than Black females due to involvement in sports and hip-hop music culture.

D. all of these

7. Charter schools differ from public schools in that they are developed and managed by ______.

A. government officials

B. parents, community members, or teachers

C. teachers and students

D. religious groups

8. According to Rotberg, charter schools can result in segregation because ______.

A. some schools target specific religious and cultural groups

B. some schools turn away students with special needs

C. enrollment options are limited for low-income students

D. all of these

9. Darling-Hammond's image of an alternative system for creating successful schools involves ______.

A. racial inequality

B. desegregation

C. more evaluation/testing of students

D. professional accountability

10. Which is not a school policy that Holland mentioned that increases racial segregation within a school?

A. tracking

B. ability grouping

C. athletics

D. none of these

11. According to Dianis, Jackson, and Noguera, data from standardized tests are not useful because ______.

A. students perform at varying levels

B. students are too anxious to perform their best

C. teachers often don’t receive data until after they are finished instruction

D. all of these

12. Wealthy parents can opt out of standardized testing for their children because ______.

A. they have the capital to influence school policy

B. they can afford to send their children to private school

C. they are more comfortable approaching teachers and asking

D. none of these

13. The original goal of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was to ______.

A. improve students’ grades

B. ensure that teachers were following an appropriate curriculum

C. compensate for learning disadvantages for low-income students

D. none of these

True/False

1. American public schools have become more segregated.

2. Desegregation efforts were largely a result of decisions by the courts.

3. Minority males typically are able to socially integrate easier than minority females.

4. According to Holland, schools that are racially balanced have the best chances to be completely desegregated.

5. Charter schools are among most rapidly growing educational institutions in the U.S.

6. Charter schools are always held accountable for their performance.

7. Darling-Hammond believes that charter schools are sufficient in and of themselves to provide the innovation we need in the organization of our schools.

8. Darling-Hammond argues that schools need to do more to develop the professional capacity of teachers.

9. Students of color are more likely to be subjected to overtesting.