Differences in Culture Test Bank Chapter 4

Global Business Today, 11e (Hill)

Chapter 4 Differences in Culture

1) There is universal consensus on the definition of culture.

2) Rituals and symbols are the most visible manifestations of a culture and constitute the outward expression of deeper values.

3) While folkways are routine conventions, they represent deep moral significance in society.

4) A group consists of two or more individuals who have a shared sense of identity and interact in a structured way.

5) An emphasis on collectivism may make it difficult to build teams within an organization to perform collective tasks.

6) The group is the typical unit of social organization found in non-Westernized societies.

7) Strong identification with the group tends to create pressures for mutual self-help and incentive to work for the common good.

8) Children tend to become a member of the social category to which their parents belong.

9) The least rigid system of social stratification is a caste system.

10) In the United States, individuals who are born into a class system and are at the bottom of the social hierarchy can work their way up.

11) Although upward social mobility was possible in the traditional British class system, it could not normally be achieved in one generation.

12) Class membership in the United States is based on economic achievement rather than familial background and schooling.

13) Companies that assume a high degree of class consciousness are better able to establish a competitive advantage in the global economy.

14) Confucianism and Confucian ethics influence behavior and shape culture in parts of Asia; therefore, it is correct to characterize Confucianism as a religion.

15) Most of the ethical systems in place around the world are the product of religion.

16) Max Weber argued that the Catholic promise of salvation in the next world, rather than this world, fostered "a spirit of capitalism."

17) While well-known to many, Islam has one of the smallest followings of all religions.

18) Under the Islamic banking method of mudarabah, when an Islamic bank lends money to a business, rather than charging that business interest on the loan, it takes a share in the profits that are derived from the investment.

19) When a murabaha contract is used in Islamic banking, a company essentially pays the bank to purchase equipment, supplies, and other needs on behalf of the company.

20) The concept of mobility between castes within an individual's lifetime makes no sense to traditional Hindus.

21) Confucianism is not concerned with the supernatural and has little to say about the concept of a supreme being or an afterlife.

22) Cultural norms, such as respect for others and neatness, are part of the "hidden curriculum" in schools.

23) According to Geert Hofstede, high power distance cultures were found in societies that tried to play down inequalities of power and wealth as much as possible.

24) According to Hofstede's research, in feminine cultures, sex roles are sharply distinguished and there is vast differentiation between men and women in the same job.

25) According to the World Values Survey, as countries get richer, a shift occurs away from "traditional values" linked to religion, family, and country, and toward "secular rational" values.

26) Bryan has been asked by his manager to directly contact the CEO of the foreign company they are trying to do business. However, Bryan knows that this is not a socially acceptable practice there, and it is better to wait for the company to contact him. Which aspect of culture is guiding Bryan's decision?

A) values

B) norms

C) attitudes

D) dispositions

E) beliefs

27) A group of people who share a common set of values and norms is called a(n)

A) alliance.

B) team.

C) cohort.

D) society.

E) folkway.

28) Juanita believes that all Americans value individual freedom, democracy, and a collective responsibility. This belief is an expression of Juanita's

A) values.

B) ethics.

C) folkways.

D) norms.

E) cohorts.

29) Which statement is true about culture?

A) Culture is static as it does not evolve.

B) Multinational enterprises can themselves be engines of cultural change.

C) The cost of doing business in a country or region is always independent of its culture.

D) It is not possible for a country to support multiple cultures.

E) The values and norms of a culture emerge fully formed.

30) In a social context, the term values is used to describe the

A) economic benefits inherent to a culture.

B) collective wealth of the society.

C) ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable.

D) political preferences of a country.

E) social rules and guidelines about appropriate behavior in public.

31) In a society, actions of people directed toward one another are governed by a set of social rules called

A) norms.

B) manifestoes.

C) laws.

D) scriptures.

E) dialects.

32) Robert knows it is important for him to dress appropriately and make sure his hair is neatly trimmed when he goes for an interview because the employer will expect him to do so. This example of a social convention is called a

A) folkway.

B) value.

C) mandate.

D) rule.

E) taboo.

33) Which situation exemplifies a violation of folkways?

A) committing a financial fraud

B) practicing cannibalism under the belief that it leads to superpowers

C) failing to greet a person you know

D) stealing an author's or an inventor's intellectual property

E) committing mail fraud

34) What is one difference between folkways and mores?

A) Folkways are norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society, whereas mores are the routine conventions of everyday life.

B) Violating mores tends to bring more serious retribution than violating folkways.

C) Folkways exclude rituals and symbolic behaviors included in mores.

D) Folkways have much greater significance than mores.

E) Mores cannot be enacted into laws, whereas folkways can.

35) Jacob decided that the only way he could pay back his student loans was to filter funds from the company where he worked directly into his personal account. He also knows that if he gets caught, he will probably spend time in jail. Jacob's choice represents a violation of

A) folkways.

B) mores.

C) rituals.

D) etiquette.

E) precepts.

36) A difference in the attitudes of people toward time in different cultures is an example of

A) folkways.

B) religious doctrines.

C) mores.

D) laws.

E) social structures.

37) What is a characteristic of mores?

A) Mores are actions of little moral significance.

B) Violation of mores is generally not a serious matter.

C) Social conventions regarding how we eat are a good example of mores.

D) Mores do not differ among cultures.

E) Certain mores have been enacted into law.

38) Which statement is true about most Western societies?

A) In Western societies groups, rather than individuals, are the basic building blocks of social organization.

B) The value systems of many Western societies emphasize individual achievement.

C) In Western societies, the social standing of individuals is merely a function of who they work for.

D) The emphasis on individuals in Western societies has led to a low level of entrepreneurial activity.

E) It is easier to build and manage teams within organizations in Western societies.

39) What has strongly influenced the development of modern extended social groups?

A) a common agreement among governments

B) falling levels of underdeveloped nations

C) the return to family values

D) the advent of social media

E) the creation of multiple subcultures

40) A high degree of managerial mobility in societies that emphasize individualism can lead to

A) reduced costs of doing business.

B) increased managerial loyalty and commitment to an individual company.

C) lack of company-specific experience, knowledge, and a network of contacts among managers.

D) lack of exposure among employees to different ways of doing business.

E) inability to apply good practices and techniques developed in one firm to other firms.

41) In the context of social structure, American society is characterized by a low degree of

A) social stratification.

B) mobility between strata.

C) entrepreneurial activity.

D) managerial mobility.

E) dynamism and innovation.

42) In the country of Rudanda, it is very hard for a person born within a particular strata of society to move to a different strata. This means that Rudanda has a low degree of

A) social mobility.

B) ethnocentrism.

C) entrepreneurial activity.

D) managerial mobility.

E) dynamism and innovation.

43) The United Republic emphasizes individual performance and achievements in every sphere of society. How might this affect the business environment in that country?

A) There would be a low degree of dynamism and innovation.

B) Managerial mobility would be the most effective resource.

C) There would be a low degree of entrepreneurial activity in the country.

D) The employees in this country may lack loyalty and commitment to a company.

E) Managers in such a country have highly developed company-specific skills, but they lack general skills.

44) One of the downsides to an emphasis on individualism is that it

A) is difficult to build teams within an organization to perform collective tasks.

B) does not support entrepreneurship and innovation.

C) discourages managerial mobility.

D) fails to foster general managerial skills required to find solutions to current problems.

E) discourages competition among employees within a company.

45) Manuel, who works for a multinational company, is often put in teams consisting of people from different cultures. Manuel finds it difficult to function in these teams because, unlike the others, he comes from a culture where building his personal "brand" is emphasized. His culture emphasizes

A) individualism.

B) ethnocentrism.

C) collectivism.

D) cooperation.

E) group identify.

46) In contemporary Japanese society, a group is associated with

A) the immediate family.

B) gender roles.

C) traditional friendships.

D) the company a person works for.

E) the educational environment.

47) When compared to American society, Japanese society lacks

A) commitment to lifetime employment.

B) emphasis on group memberships.

C) self-managing work teams.

D) close cooperation between individuals.

E) dynamism and entrepreneurship.

48) Jason's company has always emphasized that every employee is an important part of the company's success and does not highlight individual achievements. By emphasizing the group, Jason's company will most likely

A) encourage competition between members of the group.

B) expose managers to different ways of doing business.

C) foster dynamism and entrepreneurship.

D) discourage employees from moving from company to company.

E) fail to facilitate self-managing work teams.

49) One possible downside of emphasizing the primacy of group identification over individualism is that it

A) encourages managerial mobility between companies.

B) leads to a lack of dynamism and entrepreneurship.

C) hampers team building and cooperation.

D) raises the costs of doing business due to its adverse impact on managerial stability.

E) leads to the lack of company-specific skills and a network of contacts among managers.

50) Kylie was born into a family that owns numerous corporations and more than one multimillion dollar home. She never worried about paying for college or buying her own car. These characteristics define Kylie's

A) mores.

B) social strata.

C) folkways.

D) values.

E) caste system.

51) What is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime?

A) caste system

B) merit system

C) class system

D) collectivism

E) individualism

52) Mountland Republic follows a system of social stratification that allows for flexibility in terms of social mobility. In this system of open stratification, the status of a person is solely determined by his or her own socioeconomic achievements. Mountland Republic is most likely to be following what type of system of social stratification?

A) caste

B) class

C) religious

D) grade

E) bureaucratic

53) In the country of Burnada, citizens are restricted from moving out of the strata they are born into. Also, individuals are allowed to engage only in the same occupation as their parents. The system of social stratification being practiced in Burnada can be identified as a

A) cluster system.

B) caste system.

C) merit-based system.

D) class system.

E) bureaucracy-based system.

54) Some sociologists argue that ________ has a more rigid class structure than other western societies, including the United States.

A) South Africa

B) India

C) Italy

D) Japan

E) the United Kingdom

55) When Shari learned that Monica was from a poor neighborhood in the South, she decided to stop befriending her since her own family lives in a wealthy neighborhood along the beach. Shari's choice is an example of

A) social mobility.

B) class consciousness.

C) cross-culture literacy.

D) extended social groups.

E) class representativeness.

56) In the Republic of Cedia, people are extremely conscious about their social backgrounds. This in turn regulates their relationships with members of other classes. What will likely result from this heightened class consciousness?

A) The mobility between the social classes of the Cedian society will increase.

B) The level of industrial disruption and industrial disputes will be low.

C) Most of the population will perceive itself to be middle class.

D) An antagonistic relationship will exist between management and labor classes.

E) Successful individuals, irrespective of their origins, will be highly respected.

57) A high degrees of class consciousness in societies can be disruptive within industries, which can often lead to

A) high levels of social mobility.

B) healthy relationships between management and labor classes.

C) low levels of industrial disruption.

D) an increase in the costs of production.

E) greater opportunities for businesses to establish competitive advantage.

58) Which ethical system that has influenced behavior and shaped culture in parts of Asia, is not considered a religion?

A) Confucianism

B) Hinduism

C) Islam

D) Christianity

E) Buddhism

59) In 1904, Max Weber theorized that there was a relationship between Protestantism and

A) personal happiness.

B) freedom.

C) capitalism.

D) ethics.

E) manufacturing.

60) Sociologists argue that the ________ branch of Christianity has had the greatest effect on the economy.

A) Orthodox

B) Muslim

C) Catholic

D) Jewish

E) Protestant

61) According to Max Weber, the Protestant tributes of hard work, wealth creation, and ________ fostered the emergence of modern capitalism.

A) polychronic time

B) positivity

C) ethnocentrism

D) monochronic time

E) frugality

62) The rise of Islamic fundamentalism is, in part, a response to the

A) denial of equal rights for women and other minorities.

B) movement in traditional Islamic societies toward modernization.

C) narrowing gap between the rich and the poor.

D) increasing standard of living in Islamic societies.

E) widening gap between the highly developed and the less developed nations.

63) What is a characteristic of the Islam religion?

A) Islam has roots in Confucianism.

B) Islamic ethics support worldly gain and temporal power.

C) Islam forbids the consumption of pork and alcohol.

D) Islam makes a clear distinction between church and state.

E) Unlike Christianity and Judaism, Islam is not a monotheistic religion.

64) According to Islamic beliefs, private property is considered

A) a favor from Allah.

B) property of the state.

C) a privilege and not a right.

D) a sign of wealth and prosperity.

E) a sign of moral degradation.

65) A major distinction between a conventional bank and an Islamic bank is that Islamic banks

A) are allowed to charge higher interest rates on loans.

B) cannot accept private deposit.

C) cannot pay or charge interest.

D) are not subject to any form of law.

E) are supposed to refrain from making a profit through any source.

66) A mudarabah contract might be categorized as a(n) ________ in the United States.

A) profit-sharing scheme

B) mortgage

C) personal loan

D) unethical transaction

E) property tax

67) Parul's religion believes in the spiritual progression of each person's soul and that dharma is the moral force guiding behavior. Which religion does this describe?

A) Hinduism

B) Islam

C) Protestantism

D) Buddhism

E) Catholicism

68) Which religion does NOT owe its founding to any one particular individual?

A) Buddhism

B) Hinduism

C) Christianity

D) Islam

E) Catholicism

69) Dharma refers to

A) the spiritual progression of each person's soul.

B) a moral force that requires the acceptance of certain responsibilities.

C) the belief in reincarnation.

D) a lack of belief in one God.

E) a state of complete spiritual perfection.

70) A person who practices Hinduism would say that nirvana can only be achieved by

A) persisting in a quest for material goods.

B) practicing physical self-denial.

C) material reincarnation.

D) accumulating wealth.

E) achieving spiritual oneness.

71) Which statement is true about Hinduism?

A) Hinduism supported India's caste system.

B) Hinduism allows mobility between castes within an individual's lifetime.

C) Max Weber argued that Hinduism encourages entrepreneurial activity.

D) Hindus do not believe in reincarnation, or rebirth into a different body, after death.

E) Hinduism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian prince.

72) Max Weber argued that the ascetic principles embedded in ________ do not encourage entrepreneurial activity in pursuit of wealth creation because it is perceived that such activities make the attainment of nirvana more difficult.

A) Islam

B) Hinduism

C) Confucianism

D) Protestantism

E) capitalism

73) Hindus see mobility between castes as something that can only be achieved through

A) appropriate schooling and occupation.

B) individual economic achievements over the course of one's lifetime.

C) spiritual progression and reincarnation.

D) hard work that results in gradual upward mobility over generations.

E) offering prayer five times a day, and by refraining from the payment or receipt of interest.

74) Aamir Baku recently quit her job in a bank because her religion considers the payment or receipt of interest as exploitative and unjust. According to this information, Ms. Baku is a follower of

A) Protestantism.

B) Hinduism.

C) Judaism.

D) Confucianism.

E) Islam.

75) When Leo converses with his colleagues in the multinational company that he works for, he finds that he is the only one who believes in and talks about things such as reincarnation and the spiritual progression of each person's soul. Leo's religion is most likely

A) Protestantism.

B) Hinduism.

C) Judaism.

D) Confucianism.

E) Islam.

76) Confucianism is based on the idea that personal salvation can be achieved through

A) nirvana.

B) physical denial.

C) spiritual progression.

D) right action.

E) wealth accumulation.

77) Which religion was founded in India in the sixth century B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian prince who renounced his wealth to pursue an ascetic lifestyle and spiritual perfection?

A) Hinduism

B) Buddhism

C) Confucianism

D) Islam

E) Judaism

78) What is the common aspect of the teachings of Hinduism and Buddhism?

A) Both stress the afterlife and spiritual achievement rather than material progress.

B) Both support the existence of a caste system.

C) Both advocate the same kind of extreme ascetic behavior.

D) Both propagate the Noble Eightfold Path as a route for transformation.

E) Both condemn the payment or the receipt of interest on loans and deposits.

79) Which statement is true of Buddhism?

A) Buddhism was founded in the fifth century B.C. by K'ung-Fu-tzu, in China.

B) Cultural stress on entrepreneurial behavior is not present.

C) Buddhism advocates the kind of extreme ascetic behavior that is encouraged by Hinduism.

D) Like Hinduism, Buddhism also supports the caste system.

E) Unlike Hinduism, Buddhism does not stress afterlife and spiritual achievement.

80) Conrad follows a religion that does not propagate the caste system. Also, his religion emphasizes right seeing, thinking, speech, action, living, effort, mindfulness, and meditation as a route for spiritual transformation. According to this information, Conrad can be considered a

A) Hindu.

B) Buddhist.

C) Confucian.

D) Sikh.

E) Muslim.

81) For more than 2,000 years until the 1949 communist revolution, what was the official ethical system of China?

A) Maoism

B) Feng Shui

C) Confucianism

D) Shintoism

E) Buddhism

82) According to Confucian thought, being loyal to one's superiors is considered

A) an optional practice.

B) a sign of ethnocentrism and stereotyping.

C) a negative response.

D) an absolute obligation.

E) less important than loyalty to family.

83) In a Confucian culture, it would be common for a superior to reward the loyalty of a subordinate by bestowing blessings on him or her. These blessings are examples of

A) saving face.

B) cognitive dissonance.

C) stereotyping.

D) reciprocal obligations.

E) legal constructs.

84) Which statement is true of Confucianism?

A) Confucianism is a religion principally followed in India, Korea, and Japan.

B) Confucianism preaches about the supernatural, the concept of a supreme being, and an afterlife.

C) Confucian ethics raise the costs of doing business in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

D) Conflict between management and labor tends to be high in the countries that follow Confucianism.

E) Three values central to Confucianism are loyalty, reciprocal obligations, and honesty in dealing with others.

85) China Innovation Inc. is a devout follower of Confucian ethics. Hence, it hires people who live by similar principles. Which is most likely to be a characteristic of this company?

A) The conflict between management and labor will be high.

B) The company's management will expect blind loyalty from the workers.

C) It will often indulge in violations of business agreements.

D) The cost of doing business will be low for those companies that enter into a business with it.

E) It will not have any relationship networks supported by reciprocal obligations.

86) Sun-Jun is a representative for a Chinese company that is based in Confucian culture. When Sun-Jun mentions to his staff that guanxi should be taken into consideration, what is he referring to?

A) the ability to produce the best product at the lowest cost

B) relationships or connections the business has

C) government tariffs that could affect business

D) building a company from the ground up

E) working with foreign nationals who have opposing views

87) What Confucian ethic is central to the Chinese concept of guanxi?

A) holding all material possessions in trust for God

B) renunciation of the material world

C) devoting life to a spiritual quest

D) reciprocal obligations

E) individual progress

88) A company that wants to market winter gear to citizens of Alaska should be aware that there are 24 words used in the state to describe different types of snow. This shows how ________ structures how we perceive the world and defines a culture.

A) language

B) nonverbal cues

C) listening

D) perception

E) dissonance

89) What is the most widely spoken language in the world, and is increasingly becoming the language of international business?

A) Chinese

B) French

C) English

D) Spanish

E) German

90) Chinese is the mother tongue of the largest number of people, but English is the most widely spoken language in the world. This indicates that

A) many people speak English as a second language.

B) many native English speakers are learning Chinese.

C) the population of native English speakers exceeds that of China

D) Chinese will soon overtake English as the most widely spoken language.

E) Chinese is increasingly becoming the language of international business.

91) Greta felt very uncomfortable while talking to the store manager because she moved so close to Greta until her face was just inches away. What aspect of the situation was bothering Greta?

A) verbal cues

B) punctuation

C) speech tone

D) unspoken language

E) voice modulation

92) In a business context, what is the best definition of personal space?

A) It is the amount of distance to be maintained from the audience in order to be audible to them.

B) It is a psychological phase wherein a person has free flowing thoughts.

C) In ergonomics, it is the minimum amount of space required by an average employee in order to work efficiently.

D) It is the comfortable amount of distance between you and someone you are talking with.

E) It is the amount of space a country has per person and is arrived at by dividing the country's total geographical area by its total population.

93) When schools emphasize respect for others, obedience to authority, honesty, neatness, being on time, and use a grading system, they are

A) teaching children to be noncompetitive.

B) impinging on fundamental freedoms and values.

C) indirectly teaching cultural values and norms.

D) indirectly creating a rigid caste system.

E) unnecessarily deviating from formal education.

94) What does Porter point to as the reason for Japan's success in the post–World War II economy?

A) family heritage

B) high taxation

C) education system

D) government intervention

E) more small businesses

95) Managers at the Blue Dragon Inc., an international company with operations in China and the United States, are often heard complaining about the difficulties in achieving synergy and cooperation between the employees of both the countries. After extensive research it was concluded that the cultural differences between these countries, which resulted in different work-related values, caused the lack of cooperation. In order to effectively tackle this problem, Blue Dragon Inc. should

A) vary its management processes and practices to account for these differences.

B) adopt the host country's management processes and practices in both countries.

C) opt to exit one of the countries to avoid a conflict.

D) provide incentives to the employees based only on their individual performance.

E) adopt the home country's management processes and practices in both countries.

96) Hofstede added a fifth dimension known as long-term versus short-term orientation which was inspired by

A) Hinduism.

B) capitalism.

C) Confucianism.

D) Christianity.

E) communism.

97) Which statement is true regarding Geert Hofstede's cultural dimensions?

A) In societies where collectivism was emphasized, the ties between individuals were loose.

B) Low power distance cultures were found in countries that let inequalities grow over time into inequalities of power and wealth

C) Members of high uncertainty avoidance cultures had a strong need for rules and regulations.

D) In masculine cultures, little differentiation was made between men and women in the same job.

E) Members of low uncertainty avoidance cultures placed a premium on job security, career patterns, and retirement benefits.

98) In Maddie's company, senior officers eat in the same cafeteria as the entry-level workers. On a trip to a different country, she was surprised to find that the company had different cafeterias for managers and workers as well as different parking lots. The difference that Maddie perceived can be attributed to which of Hofstede's dimensions?

A) uncertainty avoidance

B) individualism

C) power distance

D) collectivism

E) masculinity

99) Job security and retirement benefits are extremely important to Kevin. Hofstede would say that Kevin exhibits high

A) collectivism.

B) masculinity.

C) uncertainty avoidance.

D) power distance.

E) class consciousness.

100) When traveling to another country on business, Jenner was shocked to meet a male nurse. In his hometown, nurses were always female. Jenner's home country culture displays a high degree of which of Hofstede's cultural dimensions?

A) collectivism

B) masculinity

C) low uncertainty avoidance

D) high power distance

E) class consciousness

101) A country where "saving face" is valued is an example of which of Hofstede's dimensions?

A) individualism versus collectivism

B) long-term versus short-term orientation

C) masculinity versus femininity

D) uncertainty avoidance

E) power distance

102) What is a characteristic of high uncertainty avoidance cultures?

A) They do not place importance on job security, career patterns, retirement benefits, and so on.

B) They allow a manager to tightly control subordinates' initiatives.

C) They demonstrate less emotional resistance to change.

D) They are characterized by a greater readiness to take risks.

E) They oppose the use of rules and regulations to exercise control over individuals.

103) A country characterized with low uncertainty avoidance and low masculinity will

A) place a premium on job security and career progression for both men and women.

B) support stringent managerial control and competition between men and women.

C) be less resistant to change and less distinguishing between men and women in the same job.

D) have a strong need for rules and exertion of power in the society and gender egalitarianism.

E) oppose risk-taking and gender egalitarianism.

104) What would be a traditional value in a masculine culture?

A) empathy

B) achievement

C) indistinguishable sex roles

D) muted power

E) reciprocity

105) Which of Hofstede's dimensions focused on how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities?

A) individualism versus collectivism

B) power distance

C) uncertainty avoidance

D) masculinity versus femininity

E) Confucian dynamism

106) What is the new "sixth dimension" to be added to Hofstede's original dimensions?

A) sympathy versus empathy

B) individualism versus collectivism

C) static versus constancy

D) indulgence versus restraint

E) supply versus demand

107) What term is used to describe a society that allows relatively free gratification of basic human drives?

A) democratic

B) utilitarian

C) ambiguous

D) indulgence

E) persistence

108) A decade ago the government of Weinsland decided to liberalize the country's economy. As a result, today the country is experiencing rapid economic advancement and societal changes favorable to international business. Which change is most likely to occur next in Weinsland?

A) The country will exhibit more need for social and material support structures built on collectives.

B) As the country gets richer, there will be a shift in the society from "traditional" to "secular rational" values.

C) As the country gets richer, there will be a shift in the society from "well-being" to "survival" values.

D) The people in the country will give more importance to collectivism than to individualism.

E) The country, to further facilitate globalization, will commit to authoritarian ideologies.

109) As Japan has become economically richer, there has been a decline in

A) collectivism.

B) individualism.

C) business.

D) values.

E) achievement.

110) The World Values Survey has linked changes in the values of a country to the country's

A) democratic government.

B) level of economic development.

C) ability to innovate.

D) participation in political processes.

E) decline in urbanization.

111) The distinctive culture of Wengiston has been losing its predominance among the citizens of the country. This is due to the fact that the people of Wengiston are extensively adopting certain universally accepted values and norms. This behavior of the citizens of Wengiston demonstrates

A) ethnocentrism.

B) the convergence hypothesis.

C) egocentrism.

D) cultural stagnation.

E) social mobility.

112) Janet believes that the cultural group she belongs to is superior and as a result, she is highly intolerant toward employees from the cultures of other countries. This behavior of Janet is known as

A) cultural convergence.

B) Confucian dynamism.

C) ethnocentrism.

D) cultural literacy.

E) class consciousness.

113) Which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism?

A) Sarah believes that her opinions and interests are superior to that of her siblings.

B) Nicole is highly tolerant toward different cultures and enjoys learning different languages.

C) Bryan's belief in the superiority of his culture has resulted in conflicts with his colleagues from different countries.

D) Emilio faces an ethical dilemma as he must decide whether or not to hire his underqualified cousin.

E) Galaxy Inc. has been accused of using legal but unethical ways to gain access to the markets of less developed countries.

114) When interacting with a Japanese business counterpart, Lorraine made it very clear that the American way of making the product was superior. Lorraine is demonstrating

A) power distance.

B) the class system.

C) ethnocentrism.

D) individualism.

E) uncertainty avoidance.

115) Compare and contrast values and norms, and then discuss the various types of norms.

116) Discuss the idea of culture at different levels within a society and provide an example.

117) How does a caste system differ from a class system?

118) Explain why some sociologists believe that modern British society still displays some evidence of a class structure.

119) Elaborate on the connection made between Protestant ethics and "the spirit of capitalism."

120) Briefly explain how practitioners of Islam view the idea of earning a profit.

121) What are the two different banking methods that Islamic banks have experimented with in order to avoid the payment or receipt of interest?

122) Elaborate on the Hindu beliefs of dharma, karma, and nirvana.

123) Compare and contrast the principles of Hinduism and Buddhism.

124) What are the three values that are central to the Confucian system of ethics?

125) Briefly describe the five cultural dimensions in Hofstede's model.