Depression, Suicide, And Self-Injury Exam Prep Chapter 13

Chapter 13: Depression, Suicide, and Self-Injury

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Eight-year-old Gordon is constantly throwing temper tantrums at home and seems just generally upset. He’s been this way as long as his parents can remember and when something sets him off, he terrorizes the house, pulling things off the wall and breaking whatever he can find. His family is on their third set of dishes this year. Which of the following would be necessary to know before diagnosing Gordon with DMDD?

A. Is Gordon living with his biological parents?

B. Does Gordon exhibit these problems at school or with peers?

C. Does Gordon have an ODD diagnosis?

D. Did this pattern of behavior begin prior to the age of 4?

Learning Objective: 13.1: Identify the features of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) and differentiate it from similar disorders affecting children’s mood and behavior. | 13.2: Describe some of the causes of DMDD and evidence-based treatments to help children with this condition.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Description of DMDD

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. _______ occurs when individuals repeatedly and intentionally damage the surface of their body in a manner that is likely to induce bleeding, bruising, or pain.

A. Suicidal self-injury

B. Non-suicidal self-injury

C. Social self-injury

D. Selective self-injury

Learning Objective: 13.6: Differentiate suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury and explain how the prevalence of these behaviors differs as a function of children’s age, gender, and social–cultural background. | 13.7: Identify some of the main causes of self-injury and evidence-based strategies to prevent and/or reduce self-injury among children and adolescents.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Nonsuicidal Self-Injury?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of the following disorders has the shortest minimum duration for diagnosis?

A. major depressive disorder

B. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

C. persistent depressive disorder in adults

D. persistent depressive disorder in children

Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify the features of major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, and how children might manifest these disorders differently than adults. | 13.4: Analyze the biological, psychological, and social–cultural causes of depression in children and adolescents. | 13.5: Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of medication, psychotherapy, and combined treatment for youths with depression.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Is Major Depressive Disorder?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How does the irritable mood seen in DMDD differ from the mood features seen in disruptive behavior disorders?

A. In DMDD, irritability is more persistent.

B. In DMDD, irritability has earlier onset.

C. In DMDD, irritability has later onset.

D. DMDD involves reliably different environmental triggers.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is DMDD?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The existence of persistent irritability and recurrent temper outbursts best distinguishes DMDD from which of the following?

A. ADHD

B. ODD

C. bipolar disorder

D. MDD

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Marsha Linehan, who developed ______, believed that people who engage in self-injury inherit a tendency toward ______.

A. DBT; emotional vulnerability

B. DBT; emotional inhibition

C. CBT; emotional vulnerability

D. CBT; emotional inhibition

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Which of the following is NOT a way in which DMDD can be differentiated from ODD?

A. Children with ODD usually direct their defiance toward particular individuals, while children with DMDD usually direct their anger and aggression more generally, even destroying their own property.

B. Temper outbursts are longer and more severe in DMDD.

C. DMDD is more persistent than ODD.

D. DMDD is more likely to lead to anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescence than ODD.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Youths with DMDD have been shown to have which deficits related to emotional processing?

A. They are particularly bad at judging positive emotions in faces and show hyperactivity in the amygdala when viewing angry or fearful faces.

B. They are particularly good at judging angry and fearful faces and show hyperactivity in the amygdala when viewing these faces.

C. They are particularly bad at judging sad, fearful, and angry faces and show hyperactivity in the amygdala when viewing these faces.

D. They are particularly bad at judging sad, fearful, and angry faces and show underactivity in the amygdala when viewing these faces.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotion Recognition Biases

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. What evidence suggests that children with DMDD are especially liable to frustration?

A. more agitation and greater activation of the amygdala

B. more negative arousal and lower activation of the amygdala

C. heightened activity of the cingulate and underactivity of the prefrontal cortex

D. more negative arousal and lower activation in the right medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotion Recognition Biases

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Research has indicated that those with DMDD may demonstrate temper outbursts for all of the following reasons EXCEPT ______.

A. they may interpret their own frustration as anger and act accordingly

B. they may interpret others’ fear as anger and act aggressively toward them as a result

C. they may like that others are afraid of them and act out to perpetuate their power in these situations

D. they may find frustration and other similar states as particularly aversive and hard to handle and may act out more than the average child in response to similar stressors

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Increased Frustration

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. What is the recommended role of medication in treating DMDD?

A. Lithium is the first-line medicinal treatment.

B. Antipsychotics are the first-line medicinal treatment, but these are only effective in those with comorbid ADHD.

C. Stimulant medication is the first-line medicinal treatment, but only in those with no comorbidities.

D. Antidepressants are recommended for some youths with DMDD.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Evidence-Based Treatments Are Available for Youths With DMDD?: Medication

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Because the Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters (TASA) study had no control group, which of the following CANNOT be concluded?

A. All treatment conditions showed equivalent effectiveness.

B. Any treatment is more effective than no treatment.

C. Combined treatment is no more effective than medication alone.

D. CBT is no more effective than medication.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: How Do Clinicians Help Youths at Risk for Suicide and Self-Injury?: Medication

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of the following is true of treatment for DMDD?

A. Parent training is most effective in managing the child with DMDD’s irritability and anger.

B. Summer programs for children with DMDD are effective in the short term, but show few longer term benefits.

C. Family treatment is most effective when child and parent are in the same room for the duration of treatment.

D. One focus of treatment is often on helping children with DMDD better interpret their own emotions and those of others.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interpretation Bias Training

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which is true regarding involving family in therapy for DMDD?

A. It is the first line of recommended treatment.

B. It has been found to be helpful in reducing the youth’s behaviors and improving parent–child interactions.

C. It is not effective.

D. It is not suggested to involve family members in the treatment of DMDD as it could limit the youth’s progress with the clinician.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Comprehensive Family Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Melanie has lost a significant amount of weight and hasn’t been able to sleep since she broke up with her boyfriend a month ago. She feels guilty for not having spent enough time with him while they were together and is having difficulty thinking about anything else. She is still happy to go to dance class and her weekly pizza night with friends, but often finds that she’s moving more slowly throughout her day. Her parents have observed that she also seems to be moving more slowly than before. Can Melanie be diagnosed with major depressive disorder?

A. Yes.

B. No, because it was triggered by a breakup.

C. No, because it hasn’t persisted long enough.

D. No, because it’s not clear that she has depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure in most activities.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is Major Depressive Disorder?

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Compared to adults with depression, children with depression ______.

A. needn’t experience symptoms as long in order to be diagnosed

B. needn’t experience as many symptoms in order to be diagnosed

C. can display depressed mood as irritability

D. can show weight gain or increased sleep instead of just reduction in eating or sleeping

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Major Depressive Disorder?

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Safety plans involve all EXCEPT which of the following?

A. means restriction

B. identification of triggers

C. identification of support sources

D. consequences for not following the plan

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hospitalization and Safety Planning

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which of the following patterns of symptoms of MDD is more common in children than adults?

A. hypersomnia, weight gain, psychomotor agitation

B. insomnia, weight loss, psychomotor agitation

C. hypersomnia, weight loss, psychomotor retardation

D. insomnia, weight gain, psychomotor retardation

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Major Depressive Disorder?

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of major depressive disorder?

A. feelings of worthlessness or guilt

B. depressed mood

C. temper outbursts

D. thought and concentration problems

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Major Depressive Disorder?

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Severity in major depressive disorder is determined by which of the following?

A. number of episodes

B. duration of the disturbance

C. number of symptoms and amount of distress or impairment

D. degree of suicidality

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Major Depressive Disorder?

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Billie is assessed for suicide and determined to be at acute high risk. Which of the following is likely true of Billie?

A. She will likely be sent home and her parents can protect her there.

B. She must not have reported an active plan to commit suicide.

C. She likely has thoughts of death but no current intent to die.

D. She is likely to be hospitalized until her risk decreases.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Do Clinicians Help Youths at Risk for Suicide and Self-Injury?

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. A children’s book called The Pout-Pout Fish describes a fish who wants to be cheery but can’t because “It’s just the way I am.” This is most consistent with which disorder?

A. MDD

B. PDD

C. DMDD

D. bipolar disorder

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Which of the following is NOT a true distinction between major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder?

A. Persistent depressive disorder tends to have gradual onset, while the onset of major depressive disorder tends to be more sudden.

B. Symptoms of MDD tend to be more severe.

C. Though they both entail general sadness, there are no symptoms that overlap between major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder.

D. Persistent depressive disorder is typically longer-lasting than major depressive disorder.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Is Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Which of the following is true regarding the prevalence of depression in children and adolescents?

A. Overall, it has increased dramatically in the last 10 years.

B. Boys are more likely than girls to have persistent depressive disorder, while girls are more likely than boys to have major depressive disorder.

C. The prevalence of major depressive disorder increases dramatically from childhood to adolescence.

D. 20% of youths experience major depressive disorder at any given time.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Overall Prevalence

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. All of the following are true of girls with depression (as compared to boys with depression) EXCEPT which of the following?

A. Girls tend to show a greater number of symptoms.

B. Girls tend to show more sudden onset of symptoms.

C. Girls tend to show greater likelihood of self-harm.

D. Girls tend to have longer initial depressive episodes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Depression in Girls

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Excessive compliance may lead to depression because of which of the following?

A. It limits the development of autonomy.

B. It creates social tension with others.

C. It provides few alternative coping strategies.

D. It can lead to excessive guilt and helplessness.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Depression in Girls

Difficulty Level: Hard

27. Which of the following is NOT a factor that prompts suicide according to interpersonal theory?

A. perceived burdensomeness

B. thwarted belongingness

C. capability for suicide

D. hopelessness

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. The kindling hypothesis would predict which of the following?

A. Those with a genetic predisposition toward depression would be more likely to manifest depressive symptoms.

B. Those who have experienced recurrent depression are more likely to experience major life stressors.

C. Those who have experienced an early depressive episode are more likely to view later minor stressors as more severe.

D. Those who have experienced multiple depressive episodes become desensitized to stressors and have greater resilience in the face of future stressors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Course and Comorbidity

Difficulty Level: Hard

29. Which of the following was NOT a course of depressive symptoms identified by researchers?

A. very low levels of depression across childhood and adolescence

B. high levels of depressive symptoms in childhood that gradually diminish through adolescence

C. consistent, moderate levels of depressive symptoms throughout childhood and adolescence

D. low levels of depressive symptoms in childhood with dramatically higher levels in adolescence

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Course and Comorbidity

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which of the following is not one of the neurotransmitters included in the monoamine hypothesis?

A. norepinephrine

B. dopamine

C. serotonin

D. epinephrine

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Genes and Neurotransmitters

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Which of the following is the relationship between bullying/cyberbullying and suicide?

A. Cyberbullying increases the rate of suicide in the victim, while bullying does not.

B. Bullying increases the likelihood of suicide in the victim, while cyberbullying does not.

C. Bullies are at increased risk for suicide, while victims of bullies are not.

D. Both bullies and their victims are at increased risk of suicide.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Which of the following is NOT a way in which temperament is thought to relate to the development of depression?

A. Children with difficult temperament may overreact to negative life events and have emotion regulation difficulties.

B. Children with difficult temperament tend to selectively affiliate with each other, exacerbating their likelihood of experiencing and reacting severely toward life stressors.

C. Children with difficult temperament may elicit negative reactions from caregivers and peers, leading to low self-worth and depression.

D. Children with difficult temperament may have greater problems coping with early childhood stressors.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify the features of major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, and how children might manifest these disorders differently than adults.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Temperament

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Which of the following is NOT evidence presented in the text that the HPA axis is affected in depression?

A. Chronically high levels of cortisol are found in those with depression.

B. Giving synthetic cortisol to those with depression doesn’t “shut off” cortisol production.

C. Depressed youths sometimes show an enlarged pituitary.

D. Depressed youths have increased sensitivity to small amounts of cortisol.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify the features of major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, and how children might manifest these disorders differently than adults.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parental Depression

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Research has indicated which of the following with respect to the role of stressful life events in the development of depression?

A. Stressful life events, particularly during puberty, account for almost all of the variance in adolescent depressive symptoms.

B. Stressful life events are most impactful in the development of depression when they occur in childhood.

C. Stressful life events are most impactful in the onset of the initial depressive episode.

D. The relationship between stressful life events and depression is that stressful life events predict depression but there is no influence in the other direction.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify the features of major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, and how children might manifest these disorders differently than adults.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stressful Life Events

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. The main difference between a cognitive bias and a cognitive distortion as these terms apply to depression is which of the following?

A. A cognitive distortion refers to selective attention to negative events, while cognitive bias refers to selective attention to negative attributes of people.

B. A cognitive distortion refers to a misperception of others’ intentions, while cognitive bias refers to selective attention to one’s own motives.

C. A cognitive distortion involves a perception or interpretation that is overblown and not consistent with reality, while cognitive bias is a shift in looking at the world that involves selective attention to negative experiences.

D. Cognitive bias involves perceptions of others, while cognitive distortions refer to misperceptions of one’s self.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify the features of major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, and how children might manifest these disorders differently than adults.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Learned helplessness refers to which of the following?

A. the inability to develop independent coping skills when parents are particularly intrusive

B. expressions of uncertainty and help-seeking when faced with environmental stressors

C. the propensity to not seek escape from stressors when past stressors were inescapable

D. the informational transmission that social mores cannot be changed or overcome

Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify the features of major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, and how children might manifest these disorders differently than adults.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Negative Attributions

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Ryan falls into the water during a school trip to the beach. Which of the following attributions is LEAST negative?

A. There was a big shell on the beach that I didn’t see.

B. I’m so clumsy.

C. No one could ever be friends with a kid like me.

D. No matter how hard I try, I just can’t help but be clumsy.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify the features of major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, and how children might manifest these disorders differently than adults.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Negative Attributions

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. A depressed person often contributes negative events to ______ factors.

A. internal, stable, and global

B. internal, stable, and specific

C. external, stable, and specific

D. external, unstable, and global

Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify the features of major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, and how children might manifest these disorders differently than adults.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Negative Attributions

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Research has linked depressogenic attributions to all EXCEPT which of the following?

A. genetics

B. negative life events

C. depression itself

D. social contagion

Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify the features of major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, and how children might manifest these disorders differently than adults.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Negative Attributions

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Parents can increase the suicide risk of their children in all of the following ways EXCEPT ______.

A. parents who have committed suicide have children with higher risk of suicide

B. parents with mood disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders can compromise the care of their children and increase family stress, increasing the risk of suicide in children

C. parents who provide strong support to their children, but whose children don’t perceive this support, have children at higher risk of suicide

D. parents who are verbally abusive toward their children have children with higher rates of suicide than children who experience any other kind of child maltreatment

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury and explain how the prevalence of these behaviors differs as a function of children’s age, gender, and social–cultural background.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Psychosocial Stressors and Family Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. How does parental attachment form a template for future relationships?

A. Children who receive intrusive care expect similar interactions with later individuals they will encounter.

B. Children who receive unresponsive care often seek responsiveness in others.

C. Children often believe they are incapable of engaging in interactions in ways other than the way their parents interacted with them.

D. Insecurely attached children often believe that the best possible romantic partner is the one who most resembles their parents’ interaction style.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interpersonal Problem Areas

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. The purpose of ______ is to explore significant relationships in an adolescent’s life.

A. interpersonal therapy

B. cognitive–behavioral therapy

C. family therapy

D. dialectical behavioral therapy

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Approximately what percentage of depressed parents have offspring who develop depression themselves?

A. 80%

B. 60%

C. 45%

D. 20%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parental Depression

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. Mothers who have high levels of ______ during pregnancy often have offspring who have difficulty regulating ______.

A. stress; dopamine

B. stress; cortisol

C. depression; GABA

D. depression; testosterone

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parental Depression

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. The finding that maternal depression is associated with less responsive and more hostile parenting behavior provides support for which hypothesis of the cause of depression?

A. the monoamine hypothesis

B. the intergenerational interpersonal stress model

C. the peer contagion model

D. the social-information processing theory of depression

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parental Depression

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Based on findings of the factors that predict depressive symptoms, which of the following individuals would be at highest risk?

A. Mikayla, who has few friends and thinks to herself, “Who cares about them anyway? They’re all a bunch of phonies.”

B. Teagan, who has few friends and thinks to herself, “Everyone else has someone and I have no one. There must be something really wrong with me.”

C. Akeela, who has a lot of friends but who sometimes wonders, “Who am I really? What is really important to me?”

D. Willa, who has an average number of friends, but asks herself, “I wonder what they’d like me to do? How can I make them happiest?”

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Peer Problems

Difficulty Level: Hard

47. Which of the following best reflects the results on the relationship between peers and depression?

A. Positive peer relationships can provide substantial resilience in the face of other psychosocial stressors.

B. Problematic peer relationships can predict depression.

C. Positive peer relationships can provide resilience against depression, and problematic peer relationships can predict depression.

D. There is no reliable relationship, positive or negative, between peer relationships and depression.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Peer Problems

Difficulty Level: Hard

48. The social information-processing theory of depression holds which of the following?

A. Children with depression have a hostile attribution bias and believe that others’ perceived hostile actions derive from external and unstable factors.

B. Children with depression have a victim attribution bias and believe that others’ perceived hostile actions derive from external and unstable factors.

C. Children with depression have a hostile attribution bias and believe that others’ perceived hostile actions derive from internal and stable factors.

D. Children with depression have a victim attribution bias and believe that others’ perceived hostile actions derive from external and stable factors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Biased Social Information Processing

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. Which of the following is true about tricyclic antidepressants?

A. They are the most effective treatment for childhood depression.

B. They affect serotonin and dopamine systems.

C. They are much more effective in children than in adults.

D. They have severe side effects for more than 10% of children.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Efficacy of Medication

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. Complete this statement: No SSRIs ______.

A. are more effective than placebo in treating childhood depression

B. increase the availability of serotonin, modulating it to normal levels

C. are FDA approved for treating depression in children

D. showed a large increase in improvement of childhood depressive symptoms over placebo

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Efficacy of Medication

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. What is one of the most common risk factors for suicide?

A. psychosocial stressors

B. academic problems

C. lack of attachment

D. psychopathology

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mental Health and Substance Use Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

52. Which of the following diagnoses is NOT associated with an increased risk of suicide?

A. conduct disorder

B. persistent depressive disorder

C. bipolar disorder

D. obsessive compulsive disorder

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Health and Substance Use Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

53. One of the main components of CBT for depression is which of the following?

A. removing response-contingent reinforcement to give youths a sense of unconditional positive regard

B. enhancing anhedonia

C. challenging cognitive bias and distortion

D. valuing the client’s independence and preventing overreliance on social networks in times of stress

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cognitive–Behavioral Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

54. In CBT, activity scheduling is a form of ______.

A. psychoeducation

B. goal setting

C. mood monitoring

D. behavioral activation

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cognitive–Behavioral Theory

]Difficulty Level: Medium

55. Which of the following is term used for a visual guage that children use to rate their emotions on each day of the week?

A. activity scheduling

B. mood thermometer

C. progress monitoring

D. goal setting

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cognitive–Behavioral Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

56. Ayumi, an 8-year-old working through a depression, tells her therapist that the other day when she came back from the classroom after having gone to the bathroom, none of the kids even looked at her when she walked in the door. She said it proved that no one liked her or cared about her. Her therapist asked her whether there was anything else that might have explained their behavior--for instance, were they all working on a math worksheet when she came in? Her therapist is helping Ayumi engage in which of the following?

A. What’s the Evidence?

B. Alternative Interpretations

C. What If?

D. Psyching Up

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cognitive Restructuring

Difficulty Level: Easy

57. Which of the following best describes the effectiveness of CBT for treating childhood depression?

A. It is no more effective than placebo.

B. It is more effective than any other kind of psychotherapy.

C. It is as effective as several other kinds of psychotherapy, particularly in the long term.

D. It is less effective than several other kinds of psychotherapy in the short term, but more effective in the long term.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cognitive–Behavioral Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

58. Asking questions that draw information out of youth themselves, which allows them to draw their own conclusions, is referred to as ______.

A. behavioral questioning

B. cognitive questioning

C. open-ended questioning

D. socratic questioning

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cognitive–Behavioral Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

59. Which of the following is one of the primary differences between cognitive–behavioral therapy for children and for adolescents?

A. Only cognitive–behavioral therapy for children involves planning pleasurable activities.

B. Only cognitive–behavioral therapy for adolescents involves relaxation techniques.

C. Only cognitive–behavioral therapy for adolescents involves learning how to brainstorm possible solutions to interpersonal problems.

D. Only cognitive–behavioral therapy for children specifically involves the What’s the Evidence? and What If? approaches to cognitive restructuring.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cognitive Restructuring

Difficulty Level: Medium

60. Which of the following is the best predictor of a future suicide attempt?

A. diagnosis of depression

B. ethnicity

C. the combination of age and gender, with females between 12 and 18 at highest risk

D. previous suicidal thoughts and actions

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Suicide or Self-Harm

Difficulty Level: Easy

61. Ronnie describes his parents as uncaring and unyielding. “They won’t let me stay out late, even for football games, so I had to quit the team,” Ronnie said. “It’s like they don’t remember what it was like to be young.” Robbie’s experiencing which of the following?

A. grief and loss

B. interpersonal role dispute

C. role transition

D. interpersonal deficit

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Interpersonal Problem Areas

Difficulty Level: Medium

62. “I just couldn’t find my place in the family anymore after my sisters had their children,” Sherry said. “Being the youngest, I suddenly felt like a third-class citizen. That’s when I began to feel depressed.” Sherry’s interpersonal therapist might help her through which of the following?

A. grief and loss

B. interpersonal role dispute

C. role transition

D. interpersonal deficit

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Interpersonal Problem Areas

Difficulty Level: Medium

63. Complete the following statement: Interpersonal therapy ______.

A. has never had its effectiveness examined in adolescents

B. is no more effective than traditional counseling in improving social functioning

C. is no more effective than traditional counseling in reducing depressive symptoms

D. is more effective than traditional counseling in both improving social functioning and reducing depressive symptoms

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

64. The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study did NOT include which of the following groups?

A. fluoxetine (Prozac) only

B. CBT only

C. psychotherapy placebo

D. placebo

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: TADS

Difficulty Level: Medium

65. Which of the following best describes the effectiveness of CBT combined with medication to treat depression?

A. Statistically, the combination of CBT and medication is no more effective than CBT alone.

B. Statistically, the combination of CBT and medication is more effective than medication alone.

C. Medication was no more effective than placebo.

D. Any group that had medication as part or all of their treatment outperformed placebo groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: TADS

Difficulty Level: Hard

66. Which of the following is true regarding suicide prevalence rates and ethnicity?

A. Native American youth have the lowest suicide rates.

B. African American and Latino youth have the lowest suicide rates.

C. Non-Latino White youth have the highest suicide rates.

D. Asian American and non-Latino White youth have the highest suicide rates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Age, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

67. Children who don’t respond to antidepressant medication showed which of the following?

A. additional improvement when CBT was added to their treatment, and the added benefits were still present at 24-week follow-up

B. additional improvement when CBT was added to their treatment, though the added benefits were no longer present at 24-week follow-up

C. no additional improvement when CBT was added to their treatment initially, though some gains were seen at the 24-week follow-up

D. no additional improvement when CBT was added to their treatment

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Should Medication and Psychotherapy Be Combined to Treat Depression?

Difficulty Level: Hard

68. Marlene accidentally falls off a step stool when she’s changing a lightbulb and hits the step stool, getting a large red mark on her leg. Is this self-injurious behavior?

A. Yes.

B. No, because it only happened once.

C. No, because it is not deliberate.

D. No, because the step stool was the instrument that hurt her, not Marlene herself.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Definition and Overall Prevalence

Difficulty Level: Medium

69. Which of the following age groups has the highest death by suicide rate?

A. children under the age of 10

B. children aged 10–14

C. younger adolescents aged 15–16

D. older adolescents aged 17–18

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Age, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

70. Which of the following is true of the prevalence of suicide?

A. It remains the highest cause of death among adolescents in the United States.

B. The prevalence of suicide, though high, has remained steady for the past 20 years.

C. The prevalence of suicide among young girls has increased 50% in the past 10 years.

D. In the past 15 years, suicide has become more common in children (ages 10–14) than in adolescents (ages 15–24).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Age, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

71. The results of the National Comorbidity Survey have indicated which of the following?

A. Many more youths plan suicide than actually attempt it.

B. About 10 times as many youths have suicidal ideation than actually plan suicide.

C. More youths attempt suicide than plan it because some youths attempt suicide without a plan.

D. The number of adolescents with a lifetime history of suicidal ideation is almost exactly the same as the number with a lifetime history of depression.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Definition and Overall Prevalence

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Temper outbursts must be physical to meet criteria for DMDD.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is DMDD?

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Parent training is typically sufficient to treat DMDD.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Evidence-Based Treatments Are Available for Youths With DMDD?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Girls have a higher prevalence of depression in adolescence than boys do, though boys and girls show equal rates of depression in childhood.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Depression in Girls

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Having a single episode of major depressive disorder is less common than having recurrent episodes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Course and Comorbidity

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Automatic cognitions about threat and personal vulnerability are most common in depressed youths.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Relational aggression is associated with depression in both boys and girls.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Peer Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Cognitive–behavioral therapy is more effective than any other treatment for adolescents with depression.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Should Medication and Psychotherapy Be Combined to Treat Depression?

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Girls are more likely to die from suicide than boys.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Age, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Parents who have committed suicide have children at greater risk of suicide but otherwise parents’ mental health status does not impact children’s risk of suicide.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Psychosocial Stressors and Family Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. A therapist asks a boy, “Is there any part of you that wants to die?” This question is meant to assess thoughts of death.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Do Clinicians Help Youths at Risk for Suicide and Self-Injury?

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Research has shown that the increased risk of suicide in gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender youth can be accounted for almost entirely by their increased risk of bullying.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Minority Identification

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Asking about suicide directly has been shown to increase suicide risk, so alternative methods are typically used in clinical practice.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Suicide Risk Assessment

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The time of greatest risk for a suicide attempt is the first year after hospitalization for a prior suicide attempt.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hospitalization and Safety Planning

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Peer support programs can be very effective in reducing suicidal thoughts, but not attempts, in adolescents.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Do Clinicians Help Youths at Risk for Suicide and Self-Injury?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Why did rates of bipolar disorder in children increase so much from the 1990s through the 2000s? What was the response of the DSM-5?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. In what ways might the challenges those with DMDD have with face processing relate to the emergence of the disorder?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Emotion Recognition Bias

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. A model of depression to explain its higher prevalence in girls centers on excessive empathy, excessive compliance, and problems with emotion regulation. If a boy exhibited all three of these factors, would he too be at higher risk for depression? Why or why not?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Depression in Girls

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What is the evidence for the monoamine hypothesis?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Genes and Neurotransmitters

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What does it mean that the influence between stressful life events and depression is bidirectional? How could that be?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Stressful Life Events

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. How does the hopelessness theory differ from the interpersonal-psychological theory with respect to the risk for suicide?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hopelessness Theory of Suicide | Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide

Difficulty Level: Medium

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Aug 21, 2025

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Chapter 13 Depression, Suicide, And Self-Injury

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Robert Weis

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