Decision Tools Work Measurement Chapter 8 Complete Test Bank - Operations Management Canadian 1e Complete Test Bank by Roberta S. Russell. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 8 SUPPLEMENT
OPERATIONAL DECISION-MAKING TOOLS: WORK MEASUREMENT
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
S1. Determine the standard time to perform a job. The traditional means for determining an estimate of the time to do a job has been the time study, in which a stopwatch is used to time the individual elements of a job. These elemental times are used to determine a standard time, which is the time required by an “average” worker to perform a job once under normal circumstances and conditions. The basic steps in a time study are (1) establish the standard job method, (2) break down the job into elements, (3) study the job, (4) rate the worker’s performance, (5) compute the average time, (6) compute the normal time (calculated by multiplying the elemental average time by the performance rating factor), and (7) compute the standard time.
S2. Perform a work sampling study. Work sampling is a technique for determining the proportion of time a worker or machine spends on various activities. The procedure for work sampling is to make brief, random observations of a worker or machine over a period of time and record the activity in which they are involved. A work sample can indicate the proportion of time a worker is busy or idle or performing a task, or how frequently a machine is idle or in use. The steps in work sampling are (1) define the job activities, (2) determine the number of observations in the work sample, (3) determine the length of the sampling period, (4) conduct the work sampling study and record the observations, and (5) periodically recompute the number of observations.
TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS
1. Determining the length of time it takes to do a job is known as work measurement.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
2. Under normal circumstances and conditions, the time required by an “average” worker to perform a job once is referred to as the cycle time.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
3. The basic principle underlying an incentive piece-rate wage system is that workers produced more if they were paid for the additional output.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
4. The normal time to perform a job is calculated by dividing the elemental average by the standard time.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
5. The allowance factor is a percentage increase in the normal cycle time.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
6. A time study is a statistical sample distribution, where the number of cycles is the sample size.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
7. Workers often do not like to be the subject of a time study and are sometimes unwilling to cooperate.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
8. Rating worker performance is typically an objective, easy task that can be done by any employee.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
9. Work sampling is a technique for determining the proportion of time a worker or machine is idle.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
10. Work sampling is an easier, cheaper, and quicker approach to work measurement than time study.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
11. Work sampling tends to be more disruptive on the workplace than time studies.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
12. ___ time is the time required by an “average” worker to perform a job under normal circumstances and conditions.
a) Stopwatch
b) Standard
c) Allowance
d) Average
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
13. In a time study, the normal time is computed as
a) the elemental average time multiplied by the rating factor.
b) the elemental average time divided by the rating factor.
c) the elemental average time minus the rating factor.
d) the elemental average time plus the rating factor.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
14. In a time study, the standard time is calculated as
a) the normal cycle time plus the allowance factor.
b) the normal cycle time minus the allowance factor.
c) the normal cycle time divided by (1 + allowance factor).
d) the normal cycle time multiplied by (1 + allowance factor).
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
15. The normal times for basic, generic micro motions developed by an outside organization in a laboratory-type environment are referred to as
a) standard times.
b) normal times.
c) predetermined motion times.
d) elemental times.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
16. Advantages of using a predetermined motion time system include all of the following except
a) worker cooperation and compliance are not required.
b) ignores job context within which a single motion takes place.
c) workplace is not disrupted.
d) eliminates the need for subjectively determining performance ratings.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
17. As part of its quality-improvement program, a company is conducting a time study for a particular job. The time study encompassed 10 job cycles, and the results include the following cumulative times and performance rating factors for each element:
Element | t (min) | RF |
1 | 3.33 | 1.10 |
2 | 4.5 | 1.00 |
3 | 2.85 | 1.05 |
4 | 5.05 | 1.10 |
5 | 1.53 | 0.90 |
The standard time for this job using an allowance factor of 16% is
a) 1.809 minutes.
b) 2.098 minutes.
c) 1.530 minutes.
d) 2.233 minutes.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
18. As part of its quality-improvement program, a company is conducting a time study for a particular job. The time study encompassed 10 job cycles, and the results include the following cumulative times and performance rating factors for each element. An allowance factor of 16% is assumed.
Element | t (min) | RF |
1 | 3.33 | 1.10 |
2 | 4.5 | 1.00 |
3 | 2.85 | 1.05 |
4 | 5.05 | 1.10 |
5 | 1.53 | 0.90 |
The normal cycle time for this job would be
a) 1.809 minutes.
b) 2.098 minutes.
c) 1.530 minutes.
d) 2.233 minutes.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
19. As part of a time study, a particular job was analyzed. The study included 20 job cycles and the following cumulative times and performance rating factors for each element were reported:
Element | t (min) | RF |
1 | 12.22 | 1.10 |
2 | 9.55 | 1.05 |
3 | 14.5 | 0.90 |
4 | 11.21 | 0.95 |
Assuming an allowance factor of 15%, the standard time for this job would be
a) 4.35 minutes.
b) 3.67 minutes.
c) 2.712 minutes.
d) 2.358 minutes.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
20. How many cycles should be used in a time study in order to be 95% confident that the time-study average job cycle time is within 5% of the true average job cycle time? Assume that the average job cycle time was 2.67 minutes and the standard deviation of the sample was 0.72 minutes.
a) 36 cycles
b) 72 cycles
c) 98 cycles
d) 112 cycles
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
21. How many cycles should be used in a time study in order to be 98% confident that the time-study average job cycle time is within 4% of the true average job cycle time? Assume that the average job cycle time was 4.25 minutes and the standard deviation of the sample was 0.65 minutes.
a) 55 cycles
b) 70 cycles
c) 80 cycles
d) 95 cycles
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
22. For a particular time study, a company would like to be 95% confident that the average job cycle time is within 2% of the true average job cycle time. Assume that the average job cycle time was 6.53 minutes and the standard deviation of the sample was 1.26 minutes. The number of cycles that should be used in this time study would be
a) 174.
b) 358.
c) 463.
d) 864.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
23. A work sampling study is being conducted on a loading machine in a warehouse. How many observations should be taken if management wants to be 95% confident the estimate is within + 6% of the actual proportion of time the loader is busy if management believes the loading machine is in use 70% of the time?
a) 125 observations
b) 175 observations
c) 225 observations
d) 275 observations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
24. Management believes a critical piece of equipment is busy 85% of the time. How many observations should be taken if management wants to be 98% confident the estimate is within + 2.5% of the actual proportion of time the equipment is in use?
a) 250 observations
b) 525 observations
c) 757 observations
d) 1,108 observations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
25. How many observations should be taken to be 95% confident of being within + 5% of the actual time a machine is busy if it is believed that the machine is in use 75% of the time?
a) 1,200 observations
b) 772 observations
c) 364 observations
d) 289 observations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
26. For a particular time study a company would like to be 90% confident that the average job cycle time is within 5% of the true average job cycle time. Assume that the average job cycle time was 15.76 minutes and the standard deviation of the sample was 3.2 minutes. The number of cycles that should be used in this time study would be
a) 45.
b) 93.
c) 127.
d) 236.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
27. How many observations should be taken to be 90% confident of being within + 2% of the actual time a machine is busy if it is believed that the machine is in use 70% of the time?
a) 2,021 observations
b) 1,421 observations
c) 789 observations
d) 365 observations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
28. As part of a time study a particular job was analyzed. The study included 20 job cycles and the following cumulative times and performance rating factors for each element were reported:
Element | t (min) | RF |
1 | 54.64 | 1.05 |
2 | 49.67 | 1.10 |
3 | 42.98 | 0.95 |
4 | 51.37 | 0.95 |
Assuming an allowance factor of 20% the standard time for this job would be
a) 10.08 minutes.
b) 12.10 minutes.
c) 14.73 minutes.
d) 16.58 minutes.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
SHORT-ANSWER ESSAY QUESTIONS
29. Briefly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a predetermined motion time system.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Determine the standard time to perform a job.
Section Reference: S8.1 Time Studies
30. List the steps in work sampling.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
31. What is work sampling and what is its primary use?
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Perform a work sampling study.
Section Reference: S8.2 Work Sampling
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Operations Management Canadian 1e Complete Test Bank
By Roberta S. Russell