Culture Fuentes Chapter 2 Full Test Bank

CHAPTER 2: TEST BANK QUESTIONS

KNOWLEDGE OF KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (12):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) The American anthropologist responsible for the concept of historical particularism was named

a. E. B. Tylor

b. L .H. Morgan

c. Mary Douglas

d. Franz Boas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) Who was responsible for the theory of functionalism?

a. Franz Boas

b. E. B. Tylor

c. Bronislaw Malinowski

d. Alfred Kroeber

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society is called

a. historical particularism

b. social evolution

c. functionalism

d. cultural materialism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) The theorist most connected with post-structuralism is

a. Marvin Harris

b. Franz Boas

c. E. B. Tylor

d. Renato Rosaldo

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) Culture is

a. learned and shared

b. easily defined

c. static and unchanging

d. a product of individual psychology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) Ethnocentrism

a. presents a major problem for anthropologists

b. means you think your culture is superior to others

c. is a common feature of culture

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 7

7) Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution?

a. Franz Boas

b. E. B. Tylor

c. Bronislaw Malinowski

d. E. E. Evans-Pritchard

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 8

8) The process of learning culture from a very young age is called

a. enculturation

b. ethnocentrism

c. symbolism

d. acculturation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 9

9) The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are referred to as

a. customs

b. norms

c. traditions

d. symbols

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 10

10) A symbol

a. is the basis of all human behavior

b. is something that conventionally stands for something else

c. includes numbers and the alphabet

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 11

11) The perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirety is called

a. holistic

b. structural

c. symbolic

d. ethnocentrism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 12

12) Examples of social institutions are

a. kinship

b. marriage

c. farming

d. all of the above

Fill in the Blank (6):

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 1

1) Collective definitions of proper and improper behavior that “build” meanings through common experiences and negotiations are cultural __________.

a. constructions

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 2

2) The experience of feeling that the way your culture does things is the right way and any different way of doing things is wrong is called __________.

a. ethnocentrism

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 3

3) The idea that cultures pass through stages from primitive to complex is known as __________.

a. social evolution

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 4

4) Anthropologists believe that analyzing human cultural phenomena by comparing those phenomena across different societies, called the __________ approach, is necessary to appreciate how “artificial” our beliefs and actions are

a. cross-cultural

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 5

5) The theory that posits that cultural practices and beliefs serve purposes for society is called __________.

a. functionalism

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 6

6) The unilateral decision of one social group to take control of the symbols, objects, and practices of others is called __________.

a. cultural appropriation

True/False (5):

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts True/False Question 1

1) Culture is uniquely human.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts True/False Question 2

2) Most anthropologists believe in a single unified theory of culture.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts True/False Question 3

3) All humans are born with some culture.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts True/False Question 4

4) Activities that are biologically based, such as eating and sleeping, are universally the same for all humans.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts True/False Question 5

5) Culture can only be transmitted through face-to-face interaction.

a. True

b. False

COMPREHENSION OF FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (12):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) The defining feature of historical particularism is

a. all societies pass through stages from primitive to complex

b. individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change

c. cultural differences are the result of different evolutionary stages

d. the material world shapes people’s customs and beliefs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture

a. by its individual parts

b. through systematic connections of different parts

c. as a system of binary oppositions

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) The structuralist approach to culture theorizes what?

a. people make sense of the world through binary oppositions (e.g., raw/cooked) b. cultures evolve over time

c. culture is systematic, operating in a balanced fashion to keep society functioning smoothly

d. individual societies develop individual traits

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent

a. interpretive anthropology

b. neo-evolutionism

c. post-structuralism

d. historical particularism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) Because our values and beliefs include many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is

a. static

b. integrated

c. predetermined

d. homogenous

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) Anthropologists overcome ethnocentrism by

a. developing theories to explain human action

b. studying a culture’s customs

c. defending whatever another culture does

d. seeing matters from the point of view of another culture

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 7

7) Cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because

a. it denies the influence of factors like physical environment and biology on humans

b. it can justify atrocities

c. it explains all human action as the product of culture alone

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 8

8) Norms are stable because

a. culture doesn’t change

b. people learn them as they grow older

c. people learn them when they are young

d. they are the same in every culture

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 9

9) The controversy between Native Americans and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools using mascots illustrates

a. the scientific method

b. historical particularism

c. the power of tradition

d. cultural determinism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 10

10) Norms are stable because

a. people learn them from an early age

b. they are always written down

c. they are the most ritualized aspects of a culture

d. culture rarely changes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 11

11) When Kay Warren presented her anthropological research, a group of Maya intellectuals, activists, and political leaders

a. were there to support her work

b. challenged her right, as a foreign anthropologist, to study the Maya culture

c. collaborated with Warren

d. co-published the paper

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 12

12) Which of the following is an example of cultural appropriation?

a. the use of the Zia Pueblo sun symbol on the New Mexico state flag

b. white children “playing Indian”

c. New Age religion’s imitation of Indian spirituality and rituals

d. all of the above

Fill in the Blank (4):

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension Of Fundamental Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 1

1) An __________ approach to culture, such as that promoted by Clifford Geertz, Victor Turner, and Mary Douglas, emphasizes that culture is a shared system of meanings.

a. interpretive

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension Of Fundamental Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 2

2) Even though many people believe that their __________ are very old, these enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are often much more recent than we realize.

a. traditions

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension Of Fundamental Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 3

3) A focus on __________ helps anthropologists understand intrinsically desirable principles held by a group of people.

a. values

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension Of Fundamental Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 4

4) Michael Ames developed exhibits with native Canadian communities at the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia because he believed in __________.

a. collaboration

True/False (4):

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts True/False Question 1

1) Cultural relativism is important because it helps anthropologists understand and defend all the things that people in other cultures do.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts True/False Question 2

2) Culture consists of the collective processes that make the artificial seem natural.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts True/False Question 3

3) People rarely hold conflicting values.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 2 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts True/False Question 4

4) Cultural appropriation involves relationships of power.

a. True

b. False

APPLICATION OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (6):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) The application of a holistic perspective to understand changes in everyday practices, such as eating breakfast cereals, reveals

a. the interconnections between different domains of a society

b. the processes of cultural appropriation

c. the relativity of culture

d. the creation of cultural constructions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

a. a reflection of underlying binary structures of thought

b. a misunderstanding of the natural world

c. a psychological disturbance

d. a way of explaining how the world works

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) If you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would most likely focus on

a. ceremonialized aspects of a society

b. everyday interactions

c. the symbolic use of the body

d. the principles and values people hold dear

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation?

a. their criticism is unjustified primarily because cultural appropriation is as old as humanity itself

b. cultural appropriation is a positive process of change for any society

c. it is important to understand Native American claims from their point of view though it doesn’t necessarily mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue

d. it is inherent in their culture to criticize dominant settler society

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) A cross-cultural perspective on eating insect larvae would reveal

a. the artificiality of taste

b. the cultural constructions of insects as food

c. that eating insects can be adaptive

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) If a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs, she or he would emphasize that

a. learning happens best when students are being talked at

b. this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals

c. this mode of teaching evolved over time

d. the teacher is the symbolic head of the class

Short Answer (3):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Short Answer Question 1

1) Explain how a focus on values can help us understand why people around the world love their countries.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Short Answer Question 2

2) How would you apply a holistic approach to the study of technological change?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Short Answer Question 3

3) How would you apply a cross-cultural approach to study sleeping habits?

Essay (3):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Essay Question 1

1) How would you use the culture concept to help you analyze the social relationships involved in Facebook and other social media?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Essay Question 2

2) How would you apply the idea that culture is “the collective processes that make the artificial seem natural” to study food preferences?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2 Application of Anthropological Concepts Essay Question 3

3) How would (a) a functionalist and (b) an interpretive anthropologist analyze Americans’ love of baseball? How would their analyses differ?

OPPORTUNITIES FOR ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

Essays (4):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2 Opportunities for Analysis and Synthesis Essay Question 1

1) What is the role of symbols in our everyday lives? Give an example of an important symbol, and discuss how and why it creates meaning.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2 Opportunities for Analysis and Synthesis Essay Question 2

2) Why does culture feel stable and natural when it is something that is artificial?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2 Opportunities for Analysis and Synthesis Essay Question 3

3) What are social institutions, and how do they affect culture?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 2 Opportunities for Analysis and Synthesis Essay Question 4

4) Thinking holistically, what would you study if you wanted to understand the introduction of the cell phone into a rural community?