Chapter 4: (DIS)PLACING CULTURE AND CULTURAL SPACE: Locations of Nonverbal and Verbal Communication

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Miles, who is half Mexican American and half White American, has very light brown skin. He was raised in a predominantly Mexican neighborhood, and he identifies himself as Mexican American. However, his friends regard him as “White” because of his fair skin. His “Mexican American” identity is

a. ascribed identity.

b. avowed identity.

c. personal identity.

d. cultural Identity.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Place, Cultural Space, and Identity
Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Globalization changes the way we understand cultural space because

a. historically, culture is not rooted in particular location.

b. globalization creates hybrid cultural space where different cultures coexist in the same location.

c. in globalization, place and location are no longer important because cultures travel across borders and change over time.

d. cultural space has become homogenized through globalization.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Placing Culture and Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

3. In Chapter 4, hip-hop culture is used as an example of how

a. people use cultural space (streets, walls, cities) to negotiate and reclaim their culture and identity.

b. culture does not travel across national borders but changes its meaning and form over time.

c. hip-hop culture is only authentic if it is created and performed by African American artists.

d. culture is rooted and fixed in a specific geographical space..

Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: South Bronx
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. In various parts of the world, artists and musicians create their versions of hip-hop culture to appeal to their audience and cultural values. This is an example of

a. ethnocentrism.

b. appropriation.

c. culture as a shared system of meaning.

d. hegemony.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Global Hip Hop Culture
Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Accessing news and images from distant and remote places and communicating anytime through social media sites with friends around the world exemplify

a. friendship networks.

b. media networks.

c. time-space compression.

d. framing.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in the global context leading to segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Displacing Culture and Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which of the following is true of cultural space ?

a. It shapes verbal and nonverbal communicative practices.

b. It refers to the communication practices of nondominant groups.

c. It is constructed only through verbal communication practices.

d. It is the same thing as physical space.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in the global context leading to segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displacing Culture and Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Hip-hop culture, as it emerged in the South Bronx using communicative practices such as tagging and rap, illustrates

a. the reclaiming of a location of enunciation.

b. a lack of identification with place.

c. an effort to fit into the dominant culture.

d. the uncontested nature of cultural spaces.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in the global context leading to segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: South Bronx
Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Today, financial buildings are the highest and often most prominent buildings in metropolitan areas around the world. This indicates that

a. space is rarely used to signify power and control.

b. the way cultures use space communicates power and signify access to resources.

c. financial buildings communicate meaning only about economic transactions.

d. cultural space only pertains to low-income neighborhoods.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cultural Space, Power, and Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Segregated cultural space

a. is primarily a phenomena of the past.

b. restructures and dismantles inequitable power relations.

c. has been and is used to establish and maintain the hegemony of the dominant group.

d. is a natural part of cultural identification and membership.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Segregated Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Chinatown in San Francisco is a useful example of contested cultural space

a. because of the history of conflict to resist the displacement of Chinatown.

b. because people from different cultures frequent Chinatown.

c. because there is a blend or mix of cultures in Chinatown.

d. because Chinatown is an authentic cultural space.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contested Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

11. We can say that hip-hop cultural space is polysemic because

a. there is only one meaning attached to hip-hop cultural space.

b. multiple and often competing meanings are associated with hip-hop cultural space.

c. there is no real hip-hop cultural space.

d. many people share the same meaning about hip-hop cultural space.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in the global context leading to segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contested Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The example of McDonald’s in Moscow described in the textbook is an illustration of

a. hybrid cultural space.

b. contested cultural space.

c. mixed cultural space.

d. segregated cultural space.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hybrid Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Hybrid cultures and hybrid cultural spaces are characterized as

a. highly practical, traditional and stable.

b. developing and surviving as forms of collective resistance.

c. constructed in the context of equal power relations.

d. dominated by the most powerful group of people.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hybrid Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Easy

14. A Chicana feminist scholar, Gloria Anzaldúa, describes the fluid, contradictory, and creative experience of living in what she calls the “Borderlands/borderlands.” Her experience exemplifies how

a. culture is a site of shared meaning.

b. cultural space can be created to speak and claim an oppositional identity.

c. cultural space is always ambiguous.

d. cultural space is always shaped by boundaries.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Hybrid Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The weekly gathering of friends and family in an Iranian American home, where rituals, food, and cultural practices from Iran are re-created to resist complete assimilation into the dominant culture, is an example of

a. contested cultural space.

b. hybrid cultural space.

c. segregated cultural space.

d. cultural appropriation.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Hybrid Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Michelle’s mother is African American and her father is White. She identifies as biracial. However, people in the United States identify her as Black. The designation of Black as her identity is

a. an ascribed identity.

b. an avowed and ascribed identity.

c. an avowed identity.

d. an additive identity.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Place, Cultural Space, and Identity
Difficulty Level: Medium

17. McDonald’s is one of the most globalized corporations. If you visit their stores in other countries, you will find menus that are unique to their local culture. This is an example of

a. Americanization.

b. glocalization.

c. ethnocentrism.

d. assimilation.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in the global context leading to segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Glocalization: Simultaneous Forces of Globalization and Localization
Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Understanding and “reading” the intercultural dimensions of place, cultural space, and location today requires ______ vision.

a. bifocal

b. a single

c. unifocal

d. clear

Learning Objective: 4-4: Describe the practice of bifocal vision to highlight the linkages between “here” and “there,” as well as the connections between present and past.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Glocalization: Simultaneous Forces of Globalization and Localization
Difficulty Level: Medium

19. New York City was devastated by the loss of jobs as the forces of globalization geared up and manufacturing industries sought cheaper labor conditions outside the United States in a process called ________.

a. coindustrialization

b. reindustrialization

c. industrialization

d. deindustrialization

Learning Objective: 4-4: Describe the practice of bifocal vision to highlight the linkages between “here” and “there,” as well as the connections between present and past.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: South Bronx
Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The word ______, which is used primarily today to refer to ethnic or racial neighborhoods of urban poverty, originally referred to an area in Venice, Italy, where Jews were segregated and required to live in the 1500s.

a. urban

b. slum

c. ghetto

d. suburb

Learning Objective: 4-4: Describe the practice of bifocal vision to highlight the linkages between “here” and “there,” as well as the connections between present and past.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Segregated Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Hybrid cultural spaces are sites of resistance.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in the global context leading to segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hybrid Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

2. People use cultural space to create avowed and ascribed identities.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Place, Cultural Space, and Identity
Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The notion of identity is understood similarly in most places.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Contested Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Geographical location can intersect with social locations (i.e., race, class, gender) to create locations of enunciation.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Place, Cultural Space, and Identity
Difficulty Level: Medium

5. One’s cultural identity remains consistent regardless of which cultural space they are in.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Place, Cultural Space, and Identity
Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Time and space in globalization are experienced as compressed due to increasingly rapid communication and transportation technologies

Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain how people use communicative practices to construct, maintain, negotiate, and hybridize cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Displacing Culture and Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Glocalization refers to the dual and simultaneous forces of globalization and localization.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Glocalization: Simultaneous Forces of Globalization and Localization
Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Only recently has space has been used to establish, exert, and maintain power and control.

Learning Objective: 4-4: Describe the practice of bifocal vision to highlight the linkages between “here” and “there,” as well as the connections between present and past.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Space, Power, and Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Spatial segregation in the U.S. has only recently been shaped by economic factors.

Learning Objective: 4-4: Describe the practice of bifocal vision to highlight the linkages between “here” and “there,” as well as the connections between present and past.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Segregated Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Avowed identity refers to the way others may view, name, and describe us and our group.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Place, Cultural Space, and Identity
Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Briefly explain avowed and ascribed identity. Provide an example of how cultural space shapes your avowed and ascribed identities.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Place, Cultural Space, and Identity
Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Briefly explain “glocalization” and provide an example.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the relationships among culture, place, cultural space, and identity in the context of globalization.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Glocalization: Simultaneous Forces of Globalization and Localization
Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Define cultural space and discuss how cultural space is constructed through communication.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in the global context leading to segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What kind of cultural space do you have in your hometown? Discuss an example of segregated, contested, or hybrid cultural space you find in your hometown. Also discuss who has the power to shape the cultural space.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in the global context leading to segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Hard

5. What do we mean by hybrid cultural space? Use an example to illustrate your answer.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Explain how cultures are simultaneously placed and displaced in the global context leading to segregated, contested, and hybrid cultural spaces.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Hybrid Cultural Space
Difficulty Level: Medium