Criminal Justice Introduction and | Full Test Bank Chapter 1

1.

According to your text, the sum total of society's activities to defend itself against the actions it defines as criminal is called ______________. 
 

2.

The Wickersham Commission occurred in __________________. 
 

3.

The emerging evidence-based movement in the social sciences calls for systematic reviews of criminal justice policies and programs that look for solid empirical support for 
 

4.

In the case of __________ the Supreme Court mandated that every criminal defendant charged with a felony is entitled to the assistance of counsel. 
 

5.

In the case of ____________ the Supreme Court ruled that arrestees have the right to be informed of their "right to remain silent". 
 

6.

In the 1960's the U.S. Supreme Court addressed many issues of rights for minorities and women under the leadership of ________________. 
 

7.

The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice was established by _________________. 
 

8.

Who depicted the criminal justice process in the shape of a wedding cake? 
 

9.

The author of The Limits of the Criminal Sanction was _____________. 
 

10.

In The Limits of the Criminal Sanction the author presents ___________. 
 

11.

Which of the following models requires strict adherence to the constitution? 
 

12.

Which of the following models focuses on the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice process? 
 

13.

Which of the following models is known as an obstacle course? 
 

14.

Which of the following models resembles an assembly line? 
 

15.

Which of the following are part of the eight goals for the ideal criminal justice system according to LaFave and Israel? 
 

16.

Approximately, _______ of all crimes known to the police come from victim initiatives. 
 

17.

The Supreme Court has ruled that the police have _____________ to take a suspect into custody when "the fact and circumstances within their knowledge and of which they [have] reasonable trustworthy information [are] sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the [suspect] has committed or was committing an offence." 
 

18.

The practice of finding inadmissible evidence that is illegally obtained is called the ______________. 
 

19.

The exclusionary rule was created by ___________________. 
 

20.

If an officer has ______________ that a person might be engaged in the commission of a crime, the officer is authorized to stop the person, ask questions, and frisk him or her to see if they are dangerous. 
 

21.

The preview of a trial held in court before a judge, in which the prosecution must produce sufficient evidence for the case to proceed to trial is called a ____________. 
 

22.

Ultimately, the decision to charge the defendant with a crime rests with the _______. 
 

23.

A panel of sixteen to twenty-three citizens who screen the prosecutor's evidence, in secret hearings, to decide whether someone should be formally charged with a crime is called ______. 
 

24.

A ________ case exists when there seems to be sufficient evidence to convict the defendant. 
 

25.

An accusation against a criminal defendant rendered by a grand jury on the basis of evidence is called ____________. 
 

26.

An accusation against a criminal defendant prepared by a prosecuting attorney to be presented at a preliminary hearing is called ___________. 
 

27.

_____________ is an alternative to imprisonment, allowing a person found guilty of an offense to stay in the community, under conditions and with supervision. 
 

28.

The supervised conditional release of a convicted prisoner before expiration of the sentence of imprisonment is called _____________. 
 

29.

The rate of people being diverted out of the criminal process is called __________. 
 

30.

The term parens patriae means ________________. 
 

31.

The term in loco parentis means ________________. 
 

32.

The first American juvenile court was established in 1899 in _____________. 
 

33.

Which case awarded juveniles constitutional rights that are similar to the ones that adults have. 
 

34.

Criminal activities extending into, and violating the laws of several countries are called __________. 
 

35.

In the case of __________ the Supreme Court mandated that every criminal defendant charged with a felony is entitled to the assistance of counsel. 
 
________________________________________

36.

______________ of criminal acts have been called the "most influential" of all the decision makers of the entire criminal justice system. 
 
________________________________________

37.

According to your text, the greatest of English legal scholars was ______________. 
 
________________________________________

38.

According to your text, the sum total of society's activities to defend itself against the actions it defines as criminal is called ______________. 
 
________________________________________

39.

In the case of ____________ the Supreme Court ruled that arrestees have the right to be informed of their "right to remain silent." 
 
________________________________________

40.

In the 1960's the U.S. Supreme Court addressed many issues of rights for minorities and women under the leadership of ________________. 
 
________________________________________

41.

The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice was established by President _________________. 
 
________________________________________

42.

The author of The Limits of the Criminal Sanction was _____________. 
 
________________________________________

43.

The model of criminal justice presented by Herbert Packer that requires a strict adherence to the constitution is called the ____________ 
 
________________________________________

44.

The model of criminal justice that focuses on the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice process is called the __________________. 
 
________________________________________

45.

The model of criminal justice that is known as an obstacle course is called the ______. 
 
________________________________________

46.

The model of criminal justice that is known as an assembly line is called _______. 
 
________________________________________

47.

The Supreme Court has ruled that the police have _____________ to take a suspect into custody when "the fact and circumstances within their knowledge and of which they [have] reasonable trustworthy information [are] sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the [suspect] has committed or was committing an offence. 
 
________________________________________

48.

The practice of finding inadmissible evidence that is illegally obtained is called the ______________. 
 
________________________________________

49.

If an officer has ______________ that a person might be engaged in the commission of a crime, the officer is authorized to stop the person, ask questions, and frisk him or her to see if they are dangerous. 
 
________________________________________

50.

The preview of a trial held in court before a judge, in which the prosecution must produce sufficient evidence for the case to proceed to trial is called a ____________. 
 
________________________________________

51.

Ultimately, the decision to charge the defendant with a crime rest with the _______. 
 
________________________________________

52.

A panel of sixteen to twenty-three citizens who screen the prosecutor's evidence, in secret hearings, to decide whether someone should be formally charged with a crime is called ______. 
 
________________________________________

53.

A ________ case exists when there seems to be sufficient evidence to convict the defendant. 
 
________________________________________

54.

An accusation against a criminal defendant rendered by a grand jury on the basis of evidence is called ____________. 
 
________________________________________

55.

Throughout this country's history, the shibboleth of "national security" has often been used as a pretext for massive violations of individual rights. 
 
True    False

56.

The case of In re Gault awarded juveniles constitutional rights that are similar to the ones that adults have. 
 
True    False

57.

The first American juvenile court was in New York City in 1899. 
 
True    False

58.

The term in loco parentis means "the crazy parents". 
 
True    False

59.

The term parens patriae means the parent of the child. 
 
True    False

60.

The supervised conditional release of a convicted prisoner before expiration of the sentence of imprisonment is called parole. 
 
True    False

61.

An accusation against a criminal defendant prepared by a prosecuting attorney to be presented at a preliminary hearing is called an indictment ___________. 
 
True    False

62.

An accusation against a criminal defendant rendered by a grand jury on the basis of evidence is called an indictment. 
 
True    False

63.

A prima facie case exists when there seems to be sufficient evidence to convict the defendant. 
 
True    False

64.

A panel of sixteen to twenty-three citizens who screen the prosecutor's evidence, in secret hearings, to decide whether someone should be formally charged with a crime is called a preliminary hearing. 
 
True    False