Criminal Justice Ch.11 Complete Test Bank 3rd Edition

Chapter 11

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 1, Objective 11.1

1) The legal grounds law enforcement uses to make an arrest or conduct a search is referred to as

Feedback: conceptual

a. Sixth Amendment rights.

b. search and seizure.

c. probable cause.

d. a warrant.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 2, Objective 11.1

2) When law enforcement agents search an accused’s property and collect any evidence relevant to the alleged crime, it is referred to as

Feedback: conceptual

a. Sixth Amendment rights.

b. search and seizure.

c. probable cause.

d. a warrant.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 3, Objective 11.1

3) In addition to providing rights for the criminally accused, Texas law provides rights for those impacted by some crimes. This is referred to as

Feedback: conceptual

a. crime mitigation.

b. witness protections.

c. innocence protection.

d. victim’s rights.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 4 Question 4, Objective 11.1

4) Suppose a criminal defendant cannot afford a lawyer and needs one appointed by the court. That defendant is said to be

Feedback: applied

a. indigent.

b. out of luck.

c. penniless.

d. disattorneyed.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 5, Objective 11.1

5) Which Texas demographic feels the most favorably toward law enforcement?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Anglo

b. African American

c. Hispanic

d. Asian

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 6, Objective 11.1

6) Which Texan demographic feels the least favorably toward law enforcement?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Anglo

b. African American

c. Hispanic

d. Asian

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 7, Objective 11.2

7) How long do those convicted of misdemeanors usually wait for sentencing?

Feedback: factual

a. About 7-10 business days

b. About six months

c. About a week

d. Usually sentenced immediately

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 8, Objective 11.2

8) Crimes are classified into two primary categories:

Feedback: conceptual

a. misdemeanors and civil suits.

b. misdemeanors and felonies.

c. misdemeanors and class actions.

d. felonies and civil suits.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 9, Objective 11.2

9) The _______ is responsible for the supervision and rehabilitation of juveniles—aged ten to sixteen—in the criminal justice system.

Feedback: conceptua

a. Juvenile Center of Texas

b. Texas Delinquent Department

c. Minor Division of Texas

d. Texas Juvenile Justice Department

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 10, Objective 11.2

10) An appointed person to represent the best interests of a child, if a parent will not or cannot fill the responsibility, is referred to as

Feedback: conceptual

a. minor support.

b. a guardian ad litem.

c. sponsorship.

d. an adolescent figure support.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 11, Objective 11.2

11) Which demographic of Texans has the highest percentage of incarcerated individuals?

Feedback: factual

a. White

b. African American

c. Hispanic

d. Asian

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 12, Objective 11.2

12) _______ is where maintenance of a prison facility is outsourced to a private firm; this saves money, but also creates controversy.

Feedback: conceptual

a. Community-run prisons

b. Publicly assisted prisons

c. Privatization of prisons

d. Hierarchical prisons

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 13, Objective 11.2

13) Sentencing a convicted individual to death is commonly referred to as

Feedback: conceptual

a. community service.

b. time left to serve.

c. the death penalty.

d. incarceration.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 14, Objective 11.2

14) Compared to the rest of the nation, Texans are _______ of the death penalty

Feedback: conceptual

a. much less supportive

b. about as supportive

c. more supportive

d. less supportive

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 15, Objective 11.2

15) The majority of inmates on death row are

Feedback: factual

a. Anglo.

b. African American.

c. Hispanic.

d. Asian.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 16, Objective 11.2

16) The death penalty is

Feedback: conceptual

a. available only if the defendant has a prior conviction.

b. available if the jury wants it.

c. only available in some counties.

d. limited to a specific subset of crimes.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 17, Objective 11.2

17) When deciding whether to release someone convicted of a violent crime, the state must consider the safety of the victim. This is because of

Feedback: conceptual

a. Governor Abbott’s promise to Texans.

b. the Texas Promise.

c. common sense.

d. victim’s rights.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 18, Objective 11.2

18) Misdemeanors are

Feedback: conceptual

a. eligible for long terms in prison.

b. relatively minor offenses.

c. death-penalty eligible.

d. often why people lose the right to vote.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 19, Objective 11.2

19) An example of a misdemeanor is

Feedback: conceptual

a. murder.

b. truancy.

c. kidnapping.

d. aggravated robbery.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 20, Objective 11.2

20) At what stage of the criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Voir dire

b. The trial

c. The arraignment

d. The sentencing

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 21, Objective 11.2

21) Not paying child support is

Feedback: conceptual

a. handled by the Texas Rangers.

b. never enforced.

c. a felony.

d. a federal crime.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 22, Objective 11.2

22) Generally speaking, which group is more supportive of the death penalty in Texas?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Conservatives

b. Liberals

c. Young people

d. Socialists

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 23, Objective 11.3

23) A plea where a defendant does not admit guilt, but is not contesting the underlying facts, is called

Feedback: conceptual

a. a no contest plea.

b. a guilty plea.

c. a not guilty plea.

d. plea bargaining.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 24, Objective 11.3

24) The initial appearance of the accused in court is

Feedback: conceptual

a. a bail hearing.

b. an arraignment.

c. a jury trial.

d. a grand jury indictment.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 25, Objective 11.3

25) Before a prosecutor can indict someone, (s)he must first secure an indictment from a

Feedback: conceptual

a. petit jury.

b. prosecutors’ council.

c. city council

d. grand jury.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 26, Objective 11.3

26) _______ is where the defendant agrees to a lesser set of charges than initially charged by the prosecutors.

Feedback: conceptual

a. A plea bargain

b. An arraignment

c. A recognizance

d. Voir dire

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 27, Objective 11.3

27) _______ is where jurors are questioned by attorneys and judges in court to determine if a potential juror is biased, cannot deal with the issues fairly, or knows a party to the case.

Feedback: conceptual

a. A plea bargain

b. An arraignment

c. Recognizance

d. Voir dire

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 28, Objective 11.3

28) In the early days of Texas, those convicted of crimes were often sentenced to

Feedback: conceptual

a. solitary confinement.

b. whipping in the streets.

c. banishment.

d. hard labor.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 29, Objective 11.3

29) A contract where the accused is temporarily released from prison on the condition that he or she pay a sum of money to guarantee an appearance in court is

Feedback: conceptual

a. house arrest.

b. good faith release.

c. bail.

d. temporary respite.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 30, Objective 11.3

30) A prison that is not operated directly by the state is a _______ prison.

Feedback: conceptual

a. rogue

b. private

c. public

d. judicial

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 31, Objective 11.3

31) Since the 1980s, Texas's prison population has grown. This is because of

Feedback: conceptual

a. the “tough on crime” legislation passed in the 1980s.

b. the massive crime wave in the 1990s.

c. people being more violent today.

d. an increasing number of death sentences.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 32, Objective 11.3

32) As prison population surged in the 1990s, Texas began to

Feedback: conceptual

a. develop alternative sentences.

b. release prisoners much earlier.

c. ignore low level crimes.

d. decriminalize recreational drugs.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 33, Objective 11.3

33) Someone pleads guilty to a crime, but the judge delays sentencing and tells the defendant that if (s)he completes a diversion program, the charges will be dismissed. This defendant is benefiting from

Feedback: applied

a. a soft-on-crime judge.

b. deferred adjudication.

c. an arraignment.

d. incarceration.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 34, Objective 11.3

34) Originally, prisons were largely expected to _______ through prison labor.

Feedback: conceptual

a. produce fine art

b. guard themselves

c. support themselves

d. provide community outreach

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 35, Objective 11.3

35) Over the past 20 years, the number of death sentences given by Texas courts has

Feedback: factual

a. increased.

b. decreased.

c. stayed the same.

d. fallen to zero; Texas abolished the death penalty.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 36, Objective 11.3

36) Another term for community supervision is

Feedback: conceptual

a. probation.

b. bail.

c. sentencing.

d. indictment.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 37, Objective 11.3

37) A capital offense is one that

Feedback: conceptual

a. occurs in Austin.

b. makes the evening news.

c. is eligible for the death penalty.

d. is a misdemeanor.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 38, Objective 11.3

38) The state’s lawyer, who is responsible for bringing charges against accused lawbreakers, is a

Feedback: conceptual

a. prosecutor.

b. district lawyer.

c. solicitor general.

d. judge advocate general.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 39, Objective 11.3

39) During voir dire, each attorney gets a certain number of _______, which can be used to strike a juror without having to provide a reason.

Feedback: conceptual

a. amicus curiae

b. no-question removals

c. juror excuses

d. peremptory challenges

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 40, Objective 11.4

40) Someone is convicted and sentenced to 10 years in prison. But, (s)he is released from prison after nine years. This person has been

Feedback: applied

a. acquitted.

b. pardoned.

c. paroled.

d. probationed.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 41, Objective 11.4

41) States in which region tend to have the harshest restrictions on felons after prison?

Feedback: conceptual

a. The Pacific Northwest

b. New England

c. The South

d. The Great Lakes Region

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 42, Objective 11.4

42) After leaving prison, convicts are barred from certain jobs and are not eligible for certain government benefits. These are called

Feedback: conceptual

a. lingering effects.

b. just deserts.

c. probation terms.

d. collateral consequences.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 43, Objective 11.4

43) When do those convicted of felonies regain their right to vote in Texas?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Never

b. After leaving prison

c. When on probation

d. Only after completing all aspects of their sentence, including probation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 44, Objective 11.5

44) Which Texans have the most difficulty in posting bail?

Feedback: conceptual

a. High-income persons

b. Low-income persons

c. Older people

d. Younger people

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 45, Objective 11.5

45) In part because of advances in DNA testing, Texas leads the nation in

Feedback: factual

a. racial diversity on death row.

b. death row exonerations.

c. death row pardons.

d. prison education.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 46, Objective 11.5

46) One issue that Texas prisons have faced in recent years is

Feedback: conceptual

a. suicides.

b. underfilled prisons.

c. prisoners refusing to go on parole.

d. an overwhelming number of violent offenders.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 47, Objective 11.5

47) In recent years, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice has begun training officers to

Feedback: conceptual

a. use technology to track inmates.

b. speak multiple languages.

c. efficiently tackle inmates.

d. spot mental health crises.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 48, Objective 11.1

48) Explain “probable cause.”

Feedback:

The legal grounds law enforcement uses to make an arrest or conduct a search.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 49, Objective 11.1

49) Define “search and seizure.”

Feedback:

Where law enforcement agents search an accused’s property and collect any evidence relevant to the alleged crime.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 50, Objective 11.1

50) Explain Texans’ views on law enforcement.

Feedback:

Anglo residents feel most favorable toward law enforcement, followed by Latinos.

African Americans are less likely to have a very favorable opinion of law enforcement and are much more likely to have an unfavorable opinion than any other racial group.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 51, Objective 11.2

51) Define a “misdemeanor.”

Feedback:

Misdemeanors can range from Class A, the most severe, to Class C, the least. The most common Class C misdemeanor is a traffic offense (speeding).

Other Class C misdemeanors are minor theft, usually shoplifting, a minor in possession of alcohol, or leaving a child unattended in a vehicle.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 52, Objective 11.2

52) Provide an example of a felony.

Feedback:

Felonies in Texas range from failure to pay child support to murder.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 53, Objective 11.1

53) Explain the rights of both the accused and victims in the state of Texas.

Feedback:

Police officers are required to have probable cause to question a suspect. This assures the accused is protected from an unreasonable search and seizure.

Most of these rights of the accused are guaranteed both by the U.S. Constitution and the Texas Constitution.

The Texas Constitution guarantees several rights to crime victims and their families.

Victims of crimes such as sexual assault, kidnapping, aggravated robbery or other criminal bodily harm are entitled to protection by law enforcement, the right to be informed about the progress of a case at various points, and the right to have the court take their safety into account on release of their attacker from a correctional facility.

The legislature also created the Crime Victim’s Compensation Act to provide funds to victims for loss of property, personal injury or death.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 54, Objective 11.1

54) Explain Texans’ attitudes toward police, and how race plays a role in this.

Feedback:

Anglo residents feel most favorable toward law enforcement, followed by Latinos.

African Americans are less likely to have a very favorable opinion of law enforcement and are much more likely to have an unfavorable opinion than any other racial group.

African Americans generally have a disproportionate amount of negative interactions with law enforcement, leading to diminished trust between the groups.

Highly visible tragedies involving African Americans and law enforcement officers contribute to a widening gap in approval of law enforcement between African Americans and other racial groups in Texas.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 55, Objective 11.2

55) Describe the differences between the different types of misdemeanors and felonies in Texas.

Feedback:

Misdemeanors can range from Class A, the most severe, to Class C, the least. The most common Class C misdemeanor is a traffic offense (speeding).

Other Class C misdemeanors are minor theft, usually shoplifting, a minor in possession of alcohol, or leaving a child unattended in a vehicle.

Felonies in Texas range from failure to pay child support to murder and vary in punishment from short prison sentences to death by lethal injection.

The circumstances of the crime also play a part in sentencing.

Felonies range from third degree to capital crimes.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 56, Objective 11.3

56) Explain the pretrial phase.

Feedback:

Texans look to the state and municipal government to handle criminal justice, and the state has created a bureaucracy to administer justice.

The judicial proceedings take two steps in Texas: pretrial and trial.

In the pretrial stage bail is set.

Bail is a contract where the accused is temporarily released from prison on the condition that he or she pay a sum of money to guarantee an appearance in court.

Arraignment is the initial appearance of the accused in court.

A grand jury determines, in conjunction with the prosecutor, whether there is sufficient evidence to bring criminal charges in serious cases against a defendant.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 57, Objective 11.3

57) Explain the trial phase.

Feedback:

For jury trials, a jury must be selected through voir dire, from the French “to see to speak,” where jurors are questioned by attorneys and judges in court to determine if a potential juror is biased, cannot deal with the issues fairly, or knows a party to the case.

A defendant must enter a plea in response to the charges.

The plea can be guilty, not guilty, or no contest, where a defendant does not admit guilt but is not contesting the underlying facts.

No contest pleas allow the defendant to accept punishment from the court but avoid admitting guilt.

Sentencing could include jail, probation, fines, restitution, and community service.