Chapter 5: Terrorism by the State

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ are states that that actively promote terrorism and have been formally designated as rogue states or state sponsors under U.S. law.

a. Enablers

b. Cooperators

c. Mediators

d. Sponsors

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Perspective on Terrorism by Governments

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. All of the following were identified state-level participants in a security environment except for ______.

a. sponsors

b. enablers

c. mediators

d. cooperators

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Perspective on Terrorism by Governments

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. In ______, the conventional military forces of a state are marshaled against an enemy.

a. genocide

b. warfare

c. assassinations

d. torture

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Perspectives on Terrorism by Governments

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which of the following refers to active participation in and encouragement of terrorist behavior?

a. state assistance

b. state terrorism

c. state patronage

d. state paramilitaries

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: State Sponsorship: The Patronage Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which of the following refers to those whose behavior is not rational?

a. crazy states

b. totalitarianism

c. democracy

d. authoritarianism

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Legitimizing State Authority

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The Anfal Campaign targeted which group of people?

a. Cambodian ideological undesirables and enemies

b. Basque separatists in Spain

c. Kurdish residents in Iraq

d. Christians and religious minorities in Sudan

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Repression: Genocidal Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The Khmer Rouge targeted which group of people?

a. Cambodian ideological undesirables and perceived enemies

b. Basque separatists in Spain

c. Kurdish residents in Iraq

d. Christians and religious minorities in Sudan

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Repression: Genocidal Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Paramilitaries have historically been used by governments for which of the following purposes?

a. for the suppression of internal opposition

b. for the defense of government interests during times of political instability

c. to serve as deniable assets

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Terrorism by the State

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Which of the following frameworks refers to joint operations supportive sponsorship?

a. moral support

b. technical support

c. selective participation

d. active participation

Learning Objective: 5-2: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated international violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Terrorism as Foreign Policy

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following occurs when a government openly embraces the main beliefs and principles of a cause?

a. politically sympathetic sponsorship

b. logistically supportive sponsorship

c. episode-specific sponsorship

d. joint operations supportive sponsorship

Learning Objective: 5-2: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated international violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Moral Support: Politically Sympathetic Sponsorship

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. ______ occurs when a government provides aid and comfort to a championed cause.

a. Politically sympathetic sponsorship

b. Logistically supportive sponsorship

c. Episode-specific sponsorship

d. Joint operations supportive sponsorship

Learning Objective: 5-2: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated international violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Moral Support: Politically Sympathetic Sponsorship

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following refers to the system of racial separation?

a. apartheid

b. genocide

c. social cleansing

d. torture

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Domestic Terrorism by the State

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of the following is used by some states as an instrument of intimidation, interrogation, and humiliation?

a. assassinations

b. torture

c. warfare

d. genocide

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Perspectives on Terrorism by Governments

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Vigilante domestic state terrorism refers to ______.

a. political violence perpetrated by nongovernmental groups/individuals

b. the use of “wild west” tactics

c. hiring deputized law enforcement officers

d. violent watchful vigilance by government officials

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Unofficial Repression: Vigilante Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Social cleansing refers to ______.

a. government-sponsored purification policies

b. assuring that the population is adequately provided for

c. targeted repression of identified “undesirable” social groups

d. genocidal annihilation of undesirables

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge.

Answer Location: Repression as Policy: Official Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Auto-genocide refers to ______.

a. genocide directed against one’s own people

b. genocide that occurs automatically

c. genocide supported by corporate leaders

d. Genocide that is being planned, but has not yet been carried out

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Repression: Genocidal Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Among the degrees of state violence, which of the following involves the elimination of a scapegoat group?

a. assassinations

b. torture

c. genocide

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Perspectives on Terrorism by Governments

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Among the degrees of state violence, which of the following involves the application of homicidal state violence to eliminate a single person or a specified group of people?

a. assassinations

b. torture

c. genocide

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Perspectives on Terrorism by Governments

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Among the degrees of state violence, which of the following involves the marshaling of the conventional military forces of the state?

a. assassinations

b. torture

c. genocide

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Perspectives on Terrorism by Governments

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. State terrorism involves the overt use of force abroad.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Repression as Policy: Official Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Governments often justify domestic violence as being necessary for the good of the nation.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Repression as Policy: Official Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Vigilante terrorism is political violence perpetrated by nongovernmental groups and individuals.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Unofficial Repression: Vigilante Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Ethnic and social cleansing peacefully occur when governments ask the people to help enforce the laws.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Repression as Policy: Official Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The Anfal Campaign was an act of genocide in Cambodia.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Repression: Genocidal Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Auto-genocide refers to genocide conducted automatically.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Repression: Genocidal Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Muammar el-Qaddafi was a primary perpetrator of international state-sponsored terrorism for nearly two decades.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated international violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Selective Participation: Episode-Specific Sponsorship

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. One purpose of paramilitary death squads is to provide a degree of “deniability” for the state.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Terrorism by the State

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The contras fought against the United States in Nicaragua.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated international violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State Patronage in Foreign Policy

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Close collaboration is typical in joint operations supportive sponsorship.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Active Participation: Joint Operations Supportive Sponsorship

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Discuss why governments often try to hide or otherwise cover up their participation in international terrorism.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated international violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Various

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Is “social cleansing” inherently a terrorist policy? Explain your answer.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Repression as Policy: Official Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Identify and discuss the four qualities of state-sponsored terrorism in the international domain.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated international violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Terrorism as Foreign Policy

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Discuss some examples of state domestic authority.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legitimizing State Authority

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. In what ways does state terrorism pose a more significant threat to the international community than do non-state terrorist groups?

Learning Objective: Various

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Various

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. In your opinion, what sort of government was that of Muammar el-Qaddafi?

Learning Objective: 5-2: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated international violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Selective Participation: Episode-Specific Sponsorship

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Discuss the scales of violence identified in the text.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Perspectives on Terrorism by Governments

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Briefly describe the state-level participants in a security environment.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Perspectives on Terrorism by Governments

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Are authoritarian measures sometimes justifiable and necessary?

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legitimizing State Authority

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Discuss state patronage. How does it differ from state assistance?

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding State-Sponsored Terrorism: State Patronage and Assistance

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Why do some governments engage in international terrorism as a matter of policy? Discuss international environments that give rise to international state terrorism. Is government-sponsored international political violence ever justifiable?

Learning Objective: 5-2: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated international violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Various

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. What are “terrorist proxies?” Explain how countries use these proxies. Why do they do so? Discuss potential benefits enjoyed by sponsors who use such proxies. Discuss potential risks.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated international violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State Patronage in Foreign Policy

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Why do some governments engage in domestic terrorism as a matter of policy? Discuss domestic social and political environments that give rise to domestic state terrorism. Is government-sponsored domestic political violence ever justifiable?

Learning Objective: 5-3: Interpret some incidents of state-initiated domestic violence as state terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Various

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Compare and contrast the Anfal Campaign in Iraq and the behavior of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. Discuss the selection of their victims and reasons, including why these victims were targeted. Discuss lessons from these cases on how and why state-sponsored genocide occurs.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Repression as Policy: Official Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. In your opinion, are authoritarian regimes more likely to engage in domestic and international terrorism than are democratic regimes? If so, why? If not, why not? Explain your answer.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Legitimizing State Authority

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Briefly discuss the role of paramilitaries and how they can be effective in suppressing internal opposition.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Terrorism by the State

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Genocidal repression by governments is universally condemned. Nevertheless, international responses are often slow at best. Why? What factors enter into the calculation to intervene or condemn such behavior?

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Mass Repression: Genocidal Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Discuss why some governments engage in social and ethnic cleansing. What is the purpose of such campaigns?

Learning Objective: 5-4: Discuss scales of violence perpetrated by states.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Repression as Policy: Official Domestic State Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. In your opinion, why do democracies sometimes use authoritarian methods?

Learning Objective: 5-1: Understand and explain the state terrorism paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Legitimizing State Authority

Difficulty Level: Medium