Complete Test Bank Macromolecules 889 Chapter.18 - Chemistry Canada 4e | Complete Test Bank by John A. Olmsted. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 18
MACROMOLECULES
CHAPTER STUDY OBJECTIVES
1. Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
SKILLS TO MASTER: Recognizing polymerizable functional groups; recognizing linkage groups
KEY CONCEPTS: Polymerization requires monomers that contain reactive functional groups.
A condensation reaction produces a linkage group and eliminates a small molecule.
2. Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
SKILLS TO MASTER: Explaining the mechanism of free radical polymerization; drawing the structure of a polymer
KEY CONCEPTS: Free radical polymerization includes initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Polymerizing mixtures of two different monomers to give copolymers increases the versatility of rubber materials. Cross-linking strengthens rubber material by creating chemical links between long-chain molecules.
3. Describe polymers made by condensation polymerization.
KEY CONCEPTS: Each monomer in a condensation polymerization has two functional groups. Polyamides include nylons, Kevlar®, and proteins. Polyesters include poly(ethylene terephthalate), Dacron, and Mylar.
4. Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
KEY CONCEPTS: Plastics are typically made in the form of blocks or sheets. Fibres can be drawn into long threads. Elastomers can be stretched without breaking.
5. Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
KEY CONCEPTS: Monosaccharides have the formula (CH2O)n, where n is between 3 and 6. A C—O—C linkage between two sugar molecules is termed a glycosidic bond. Polysaccharides in biological organisms act as structural materials or as reservoirs for energy storage.
6. Draw primary and secondary structures of DNA and RNA.
SKILLS TO MASTER: Writing the primary structure of a nucleic acid; writing the complementary structure of a DNA sequence
KEY CONCEPTS: The backbone of a nucleic acid is formed by condensation reactions between nucleotides. Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine, between two strands of DNA.
7. Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
SKILLS TO MASTER: Drawing the primary structure of a polypeptide
KEY CONCEPTS: Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in living cells. All proteins are polypeptides made from condensation reactions of amino acids. Two common polypeptide secondary structures are a helix and a pleated sheet. Tertiary structures of proteins may be globular or fibrous.
Multiple Choice QUESTIONS
1. How do π bond electrons differ from σ bond electrons in C == C bonds?
a) π bond electrons are located along the bond axis, and σ bond electrons are located above and below the plane of the bond axis.
b) π bond electrons are more tightly bound that σ bond electrons thus explaining why double bonds are stronger than single bonds.
c) σ bond electrons dominate the reactivity patterns of ethylene as they are more readily accessible.
d) σ bond electrons are located along the bond axis, and π bond electrons are located above and below the plane of the bond axis.
e) Both kinds of electrons are essentially equivalent.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
Feedback: a) this is exactly the opposite; b) π bond electrons tend to be less tightly bound; c) π bonds dominate the reactivity patterns of ethylene; d) correct; e) π and σ have different reactivity
2. Which of the following are important polymer linkage groups?
I. ester
II. carboxyl
III. amide
IV. amine
V. ether
a) I, IV and V
b) I, III and V
c) I, II,and V
d) I, II and III
e) III and IV
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
Feedback: Requires simple recognition of groups.
3. What is the chemical formula for the following compound?
a) C3H7O2N
b) C5H9O2N
c) C3H9ON2
d) C4H8O2N
e) C3H4ON
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
4. What functional groups are present in the ball and stick model shown below?
I. amine
II. alcohol
III. carboxylic acid
IV. ketone
V. thiol
a) I and IV
b) I and II
c) I and V
d) I and III
e) III only
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
5. What is the linkage group and chemical formula for the following compound?
a) amine, C6H12NO
b) amine, C6H13NO
c) carbonyl, C6H13NO
d) amide, C6H12NO
e) amide, C6H13NO
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
6. Which of the following will result in termination of polymer growth?
a) reaction of the radical chain with another alkene
b) reaction of the radical chain with a carbonyl
c) reaction of the radical chain with another radical chain
d) reaction of an two alkenes
e) absorption of light
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
7. Which of the following would be a suitable initiator molecule for polymerization of ethylene?
a) HO-
b) HO•
c) H2O
d) H3O+
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
8. What is typically used as an initiation step for radical polymerization?
a) two alkenes reacting together
b) a peroxide bond being cleaved
c) two radicals reacting together
d) a radical reacting with an alkene
e) reaction of a radical with cleaved peroxide
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
9. What is a typically propagation step for radical polymerization?
a) two alkenes reacting together
b) a peroxide bond being cleaved
c) two radicals reacting together
d) a radical reacting with an alkene
e) reaction of a radical with cleaved peroxide
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
Feedback: a) radical polymerization requires the presence of a radical species; b) this is the initiation step; c) this is a termination step; d) correct answer; e) this is a termination step
10. What is a typically termination step for radical polymerization?
a) two alkenes reacting together
b) a peroxide bond being cleaved
c) two radicals reacting together
d) a radical reacting with an alkene
e) reaction of an alcohol with an carboxylic acid
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
Feedback: a) radical polymerization requires the presence of a radical species; b) this is the initiation step; c) correct answer; d) this is a propagation step; e) this step is characteristic of condensation polymerization
11. What could a side group such as the one shown below be used for on a polymer?
a) used to make an elastomer
b) used to cross-link polymer chains
c) used to terminate
d) used in high density polymers
e) used to make a brittle polymer
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
Feedback: Condensation reactions result in the formation of bonds between functional groups with the elimination of a small molecule (e.g., H2O).
12. Which of the following are likely to participate in a condensation polymerization reaction?
a) ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH
b) tetrafluorethylene, C2F4
c) propylene, C3H6
d) styrene, CH2CHC6H6
e) peroxide, HOOH
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by condensation polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.3 Condensation Polymerization
Feedback: b) through e) are species that react via radical polymerization.
13. What bonds CANNOT be easily broken in the process of polymerization?
a) C=C
b) C-C
c) C-OH
d) N-H
e) O-H
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by condensation polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.3 Condensation Polymerization
14. Thermoplastic materials
a) retain their structural integrity.
b) are highly cross-linked.
c) decompose irreversible when heated.
d) melt or deform on heating.
e) are always soft and semi-rigid.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
Feedback: a) this is a characteristic of thermosetting plastics; b) is a characteristic of thermosetting plastics; c) is a characteristic of thermosetting plastics; d) correct answer; e) thermoplastics are sometimes soft and semi-rigid like low density polyethylene, but can also be more rigid as in high density polyethylene
15. High density polyethylene
a) forms under conditions that produce branched chain CH2 groups.
b) forms from linear molecules which maximize dispersion forces between aligned polymer molecules.
c) forms from branched chained polymers which maximizes the dispersion forces as molecules fit together like puzzle pieces.
d) is an amorphous polymer that melts at relatively low temperature.
e) is flexible and ideal for making squeeze bottles.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
Feedback: a) branched chain molecules form low density polyethylene; b) correct answer; c) dispersion forces between branch chained molecules are not as strong as those between linear molecules; d) these are characteristics of low density polyethylene; e) low density polyethylene is a better candidate for these products
16. Increasing the degree of cross-linking in a polymer
a) increases flexibility and increases strength.
b) decreases flexibility and decreases strength.
c) increases flexibility and decreases strength.
d) decreases flexibility and increases strength.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
Feedback: recognition of the physical effects of cross-linking
17. How would you make a polymer that is strong and rigid for a container?
a) have branches on the polymer
b) cross-linking
c) add a metal catalyst
d) add an ingredient to hydrogen bond with the polymer
e) have more double bonds
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
18. How would you make a polymer that is flexible and low in density?
a) have branches on the polymer
b) cross-linking
c) use a polymer with no branches
d) co-polymerizing
e) add a metal catalyst
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
19. Cross-linking polymers results in
a) lower viscosity.
b) lower tensile strength.
c) greater density.
d) greater rigidity.
e) greater flexibility.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
20. What type of polymer would be best suited for a case that will contain heat-emitting equipment?
a) thermoplastic
b) thermoset
c) elastomer
d) fibre
e) lightly cross-linked
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
21. What type of polymer would be best suited for an automobile bumper?
a) thermoplastic
b) thermoset
c) elastomer
d) fibre
e) lightly cross-linked
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
22. Nylon rope, a polyamide fibre product, has a tendency to stretch when it becomes wet (during a rainstorm, for example). Why?
a) The water molecules act like plasticizers.
b) The water leads to cooling of the rope.
c) The nylon polymer molecules degrade in the presence of water.
d) The water molecules disrupt the intramolecular H bonds.
e) Cross-linkages are dissolved in water.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
23. Bungee jumpers use cords which
a) have a large degree of all cis configurations of double bonds.
b) have a large degree of all trans configurations of double bonds.
c) are made of a thermoset polymer.
d) are made of a highly cross-linked elastomer.
e) are made of Kevlar.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
24. Which of the polymer types listed below is most suitable for recycling?
a) thermoset
b) elastomer
c) urea-formaldehyde polymers
d) thermoplastics
e) vulcanized rubbers
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
25. A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides results in the formation of what two molecules?
a) water and disaccharide
b) disaccharide and starch
c) polysaccharide and water
d) starch and water
e) cellulose and glycogen
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
Feedback: Recognition that bonding between to monosaccharides forms water as well as the disaccharide.
26. A glycosidic bond is made of what type of functional group?
a) amide
b) ester
c) ether
d) ketone
e) polyester
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
27. Olestra is a new oil substitute in the market where a hexose has fatty acids attached to the sugar via glycosidic bonds. What is the maximum number of glycosidic bonds possible in a hexose?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
e) 6
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
28. Starch is
a) a disaccharide formed from α-glucose.
b) a disaccharide formed from β-glucose.
c) a polysaccharide formed from α-glucose.
d) a polysaccharide formed from both α-glucose and β-glucose.
e) a polysaccharide formed from the disaccharide amylase.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
29. Most animals can digest starch but NOT cellulose. What is the major difference between starch and cellulose?
a) type of sugar unit used to make the polymer
b) length of the polymer
c) type of glycosidic linkage
d) tertiary structure
e) molecular weight of the polymers
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
30. What two functional groups are used to combine monosaccharides into polymers?
a) two alcohol groups
b) one alcohol and one carboxylic acid group
c) one alcohol and one amine group
d) one amine and one carboxylic acid group
e) two amine groups
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
31. What intermolecular force keeps cellulose from moving past each other?
a) dispersion forces
b) hydrogen bonding
c) dipole interactions
d) ionic interactions
e) multiple cross-linking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
32. The mass, in nanograms, for a single DNA molecule (molar mass ca. 109 g/mol) is
a) 1.7 x 106 ng.
b) 1.7 x 10-15 ng.
c) 1.7 x 10-6 ng.
d) 6.0 x 1014 ng.
e) 6.0 x 105 ng.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
Feedback: simple conversion from molar mass to mass of a single molecule
33. What type of bonding holds the double stranded DNA together?
a) ionic
b) dipole interactions
c) hydrogen bonding
d) covalent bonding
e) dispersion forces
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
34. Nucleic acids include which of the following?
I. nitrogen containing organic base
II. glycosidic linkage
III. pentose sugar
IV. carbonate linkage
a) I, II, III and IV
b) I and II
c) I and III
d) II and III
e) IV and I
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
35. What type of bond is formed when adding DNA units onto a DNA strand?
a) glycosidic linkage
b) amide linkage
c) hydrogen bonds
d) phosphate linkage
e) ester linkage
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
36. Which of the amino acids are hydrophobic?
a) A
b) A, B
c) A, B, C
d) A, B, D
e) B, E
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
37. Primary, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins is determined by
a) sequence of amino acids, hydrogen bonds, interaction of side chains with water.
b) sequence of amino acids, peptide linkages, hydrogen bonds.
c) order of the dipeptides, sequence of amino acids, hydrogen bonds.
d) number of dipeptides, hydrogen bonds, interactions of side chains with water.
e) sequence of amino acids, hydrogen bonds, double helix shape.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
Feedback: a) correct answer; b) peptide linkages join the amino acids; c) sequence of amino acids determines the primary structure; d) structure is determined by the nature of the amino acids and not only on the number; e) double helix is result of secondary structure
38. How many products containing two amino acids can be formed from the following three amino acids?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
e) 7
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
39. What chemical bonding would characterize how proteins form secondary structures like beta sheets?
a) covalent bonding
b) thiol bonds (disulfide bridge)
c) ionic bonds
d) hydrogen bonding
e) dispersion forces
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
40. Proteins CANNOT be which of the following?
a) metal storage centres
b) oxidation-reduction centres
c) n2 transporters
d) reaction catalysts
e) sources of energy
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
41. What chemical bonding would characterize how proteins are “locked” into tertiary structures?
a) dipole bonding
b) thiol bonds (disulfide bridge)
c) amide bonds
d) hydrogen bonding
e) dispersion forces
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
Use the following amino acids for questions 42–44.
I | II | III | IV | V |
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42. Which of the amino acids has a hydrophobic side chain?
a) II, IV
b) I, II, III
c) III, IV, V
d) I, III, IV
e) I, III, V
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
43. Which of the above is the line structure for tyrosine?
a) I
b) II
c) III
d) IV
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
44. Which of the above is the line structure for methionine?
a) I
b) II
c) III
d) IV
e) V
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
ESSAY QUESTIONS
45. Fill in the missing entries:
Structure of group | Name | Answer |
hydroxyl |
| |
| Thiol, or sulphydryl | |
amine | –NH2 | |
ether | R–O–R’ | |
| Carboxylic acid |
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
46. Draw a representative molecule containing three carbons for each of the following.
alkene | Answer: | |
ether |
| |
carboxylic acid |
| |
amide |
|
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
47. Draw a representative molecule containing three carbons for each of the following.
alkene | Answer: | |
alcohol |
| |
ester |
| |
amine |
|
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
48. Draw the product of the condensation reaction between dimethylamine (HN(CH3)2) and formic acid (H-C=O)-OH)
H-(C= O)-OH H-N-(CH3)2
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
49. Draw the product of the condensation reaction of 1-propanol with itself. CH3CH2CH2OH.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
50. Draw the structures of two molecules that would form the molecule shown below in a condensation reaction.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
51. What is the expected product of the reaction between methanol (CH3OH) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4)?
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
52. What is the line structure for the compound containing an amide-linking group?
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Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe functional groups and linkage groups in polymers.
Section Reference: 18.1 Starting Materials for Polymers
53. From what monomer is acrylonitrile made from if the polymer looks like:
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
54. Draw a line structure for a segment of the polymer polyvinyl chloride containing three monomer units (H2C=CHCl).
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
55. The compound 1,5-hexadiene (below) has two double bonds that can participate in adding to polymers.
1,5-Hexadiene: 
Draw a segment of a co-polymer of 1,5-hexadiene and ethylene in which only one double bond of 1,5-hexadiene is involved in the polymerization process. The ratio of ethylene to 1,5-hexadiene is 4:1.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
56. Draw the structure of the polymer made from cyclopentene, whose structure is shown below.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
57. How would a scientist make a co-polymer via radical polymerization out of two monomer units with a ratio of 3 to 1? Would the scientist be able to control the order of the addition of monomer units? That is, could the scientist guarantee that the order would be A-A-A-B-A-A-A-B-A-A-A-B- and so on? If so how?
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by free radical polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.2 Free Radical Polymerization
58. Indentify the linkage group and the molecule eliminated when adipic acid, (CH2)4(COOH)2 and hexamethylenediamine, H2N(CH2)6NH2, polymerize via a condensation reaction to form Nylon 6,6.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by condensation polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.3 Condensation Polymerization
59. The polymer Lexan, shown below, is a condensation polymer formed with the elimination of an HCl molecule. Identify the monomers.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by condensation polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.3 Condensation Polymerization
60. Dacron is a polyester with the following structure.
What is the structure of the monomer containing a phenyl group used to make this polymer?
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O O H O H O |
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Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by condensation polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.3 Condensation Polymerization
61. A polymer is being made and marketed by Cargill. This polymer is made from lactic acid, a by-product of ethanol production from corn. Draw the product of three lactic acids combined via condensation reactions.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by condensation polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.3 Condensation Polymerization
62. Sketch the polymer formed from the condensation of the molecules below. Include at least two units of each in your sketch.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by condensation polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.3 Condensation Polymerization
63. One way to synthesize polyamides is from acid chlorides and amines with the loss of HCl. Draw the structure of the combination of two units of each of the following monomers:
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by condensation polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.3 Condensation Polymerization
64. Sketch a polymer made from the polymerization of three units of 1,3 dipropyl alcohol (HOCH2CH2CH2OH ) via condensation reactions.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe polymers made by condensation polymerization.
Section Reference: 18.3 Condensation Polymerization
65. Butadiene, CH2=CH-CH=CH2 (line drawing below), forms polymers that are used in elastomers. Write the structure of polybutadiene (at least three units included) and explain why this polymer would be more elastic than polyethylene.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Recognize and describe some properties of plastics, fibres, and elastomers.
Section Reference: 18.4 Types of Polymers
66. Complete the picture of -glucose where the information for carbons 1 and 5 have been left off.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
67. The structure shown below is α-glucose. If α-galactose differs from α-glucose only in the orientation of groups on the carbon in the fourth position, and β-glucose differs from α-glucose only in the orientation of groups on the carbon adjacent to the ring oxygen, draw the structure for β-galactose.
α-glucose 
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
68. What is the complementary structure for the following DNA base sequence: TGGCTTAAT?
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
69. If the primary structure of a segment of RNA is UUGCAUUGC, what sequence of DNA was this transcribed from?
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
70. Draw the structure of the nucleotide formed from the base adenine, ribose and phosphate shown below:
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
71. Draw the structure of the nucleotide formed from the base thymine, ribose and phosphate shown below:
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
72. Draw the four nucleotide nucleic acid with primary structure TTGC. Use the shorthand notation.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Recognize and draw structures of monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section Reference: 18.5 Carbohydrates
Use the following amino acid structures to answer questions 73–74.
73. Give the formula for amino acid shown above as B.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
74. Sketch the sequence of the amino acid sequence, B-D-B-E, made via condensation reactions.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
75. What are the primary structures of the tripeptides that can be made from the following amino acids: Pro, Pro, Trp?
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
76. Draw the line structure of the tripeptide I-II-III.
I | II | III | IV | V |
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Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins.
Section Reference: 18.7 Proteins
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