Complete Test Bank Endocrine System nan Ch.17

Medical Language for Modern Health Care, 4e (Allan)

Chapter 17 Endocrine System

1) Endocrine glands that occur in pairs, rather than singly, are the

A) pituitary and pineal

B) thyroid and thymus

C) adrenal and gonad

D) thymus and pancreas

E) kidney and pancreas

2) Which of the following terms refers to an agent that decreases urine production?

A) Antidiuretic

B) Serotonin

C) Oxytocin

D) Melatonin

E) Prostaglandin

3) The term endocrine refers to a gland that

A) releases digestive enzymes

B) produces sweat

C) produces an external secretion

D) produces an internal secretion

E) regulates heart rhythm

4) The type of depression that occurs at the same time every year, often in winter, is abbreviated as

A) MADD

B) SAD

C) STD

D) SOB

E) SADD

5) Which of the following is a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems?

A) Serotonin

B) Thyroxine

C) Calcitonin

D) Pepsinogen

E) Catecholamine

6) Which of the following terms containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to a pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract?

A) Prostaglandin

B) Melatonin

C) Leptin

D) Insulin

E) Oxytocin

7) The term pineal refers to a (n)

A) organ

B) cell

C) tissue

D) gland

E) system

8) Which of the following terms means a chemical formed in one tissue or organ to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ?

A) Hormone

B) Enzyme

C) Protein

D) Isotope

E) Modulator

9) Which of the following terms that refers to a synonym for the pituitary gland is spelled correctly?

A) Hyperphyses

B) Hypoffesis

C) Hypophysis

D) Hipopysis

E) Hipyphisis

10) A synonym for growth hormone is

A) prolactin

B) thyrotropin

C) corticotropin

D) somatotropin

E) neurotoxin

11) Which of the following terms refers to a pituitary hormone that stimulates production of milk?

A) Oxytocin

B) Thyroxine

C) Prostaglandin

D) Progestin

E) Prolactin

12) The adrenal gland is located ________ the kidney.

A) inferior to

B) on top of

C) embedded in

D) posterior to

E) distal to

13) The pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone is

A) corticotropin

B) cortisol

C) thyrotropin

D) vasopressin

E) corticosteroid

14) Which of the following terms has a prefix meaning below?

A) Hypophysis

B) Epinephrine

C) Hyperplasia

D) Acromegaly

E) Suprarenal

15) An underproduction of growth hormone from birth leads to a condition known as

A) pygmyism

B) gigantism

C) pituitary dwarfism

D) pineal midget

E) acromegaly

16) An enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet in an adult as a result of excess growth hormone is called

A) prognathism

B) hypopituitarism

C) insipidus

D) acromegaly

E) dwarfism

17) Overproduction of growth hormone stimulates excessive growth of bones and muscles. It is almost always caused by a benign pituitary adenoma. Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?

A) The hypophysis is not involved.

B) It is usually malignant.

C) The integumentary system is involved.

D) Dwarfism could be a result.

E) The musculoskeletal system is involved.

18) Of the following terms, which one has a prefix meaning all?

A) Prolactinoma

B) Panhypopituitarism

C) Bilateral

D) Suprarenal

E) Acromegaly

19) Which term containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to a condition of a forward projecting jaw?

A) Hypermandibular

B) Mandibulary

C) Prognathism

D) Submaxillary

E) inframandibular

20) The suffix -oma means

A) disease

B) benign

C) malignant

D) tumor

E) condition

21) A condition of abnormal height and size of the entire body is referred to as

A) gigantism

B) goiter

C) hirsutism

D) virilism

E) acromegaly

22) Of the following terms, which one has a prefix meaning highest point or extremity?

A) Diabetes

B) Insipidus

C) Acromegaly

D) Stereotactic

E) Isotope

23) The abbreviation for a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland is

A) ACTH

B) PTH

C) HRT

D) TSH

E) TURP

24) Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used to treat which of the following conditions?

A) Hypothyroidism

B) Graves disease

C) Hyperthyroidism

D) Hyperparathyroidism

E) Hypogonadism

25) A synonym for thyroid cartilage is the

A) Adam's apple

B) pharynx

C) trachea

D) thymus

E) xiphoid process

26) The term hypercalcemia means

A) a condition of increased intake of high-calorie foods

B) a condition of normal levels of calcium in the body

C) pertaining to excessive calcium in the urine

D) a blood condition of excessive calcium

E) pertaining to decreased calcium in the bones and teeth

27) Which chemical element is required by the thyroid gland to function properly?

A) Carbon

B) Iodine

C) Iron

D) Nitrogen

E) Calcium

28) The two thyroid hormones produced by the small follicles lined with epithelial cells in the thyroid gland are

A) calcitonin and T3

B) calcitonin and CT

C) thyroxine and T4

D) thyroid-stimulating hormone and calcitonin

E) T3 and T4

29) A type of hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disorder in which an antibody stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and secrete excessive quantities of thyroid hormones into the blood is called

A) cretinism

B) DiGeorge syndrome

C) Hashimoto disease

D) Graves disease

E) myxedema

30) Read this selection: Calcitonin stimulates osteoblastic activity to promote calcium deposition and bone formation. It is secreted in response to hypercalcemia. Which of the following statements best describes the function of this hormone?

A) Secretion is increased when the blood calcium is decreased.

B) Secretion is increased when the blood calcium is increased.

C) Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are equally stimulated by calcitonin.

D) High levels could cause osteoporosis.

E) The major target tissue is in the thyroid gland.

31) Which of the following medical terms, meaning abnormal thinness, is spelled correctly?

A) Emasiation

B) Emmatiation

C) Emaciashun

D) Emmasiation

E) Emaciation

32) Which of the following terms has a prefix meaning three?

A) Monoglyceride

B) Bilateral

C) Triiodothyronine

D) Polysaccharide

E) Thyroxine

33) Choose the correct spelling for the medical term that means protrusion of the eyeball.

A) Exopthalmus

B) Exophthalmos

C) Esopthulmus

D) Eexopthalamos

E) Esopthalamus

34) A patient has normal thyroid gland function. Which of the following terms would be used in the patient's medical record to describe the patient's thyroid gland?

A) Euthyroid

B) Hypothyroid

C) Hyperthyroid

D) Dysthyroid

E) Panthyroid

35) The surgical removal of the thyroid gland is called a

A) thyrotoxicosis

B) thyroidotomy

C) thyroidostomy

D) thyroidectomy

E) thyroidoscopy

36) An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called

A) a goiter

B) an adenoma

C) a thymoma

D) thyromegaly

E) thyrotrophy

37) The abbreviation for a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands is

A) PT

B) PTT

C) PTH

D) PST

E) PSA

38) Read this selection: Whatever the causes of hyperthyroidism, the symptoms are those of increased body metabolism. These include tachycardia, hypertension, sweating, shakiness, anxiety, weight loss despite increased appetite, and diarrhea. Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?

A) Anorexia is present.

B) The BMR is decreased.

C) The pulse rate and blood pressure are increased.

D) Thyroid hormones are decreased.

E) BMs are infrequent and hard.

39) The term ________ means standard or rule for judging, and its plural form is ________.

A) critic; critices

B) critical; criticalities

C) criteria; criterias

D) criterion; criteria

E) cryptogram; cryptograms

40) Which of the following terms has a word element meaning recording?

A) Adjuvant

B) Mineralocorticoid

C) Ultrasonography

D) Endoscopic

E) Immunoassay

41) Cretinism results from ________ hypothyroidism.

A) antibody-induced

B) chronic, mild

C) subacute, drug-induced

D) acute, acquired

E) severe, congenital

42) There are usually ________ parathyroid glands embedded in the ________.

A) 2; thymus

B) 4; thyroid gland

C) 4; adrenal glands

D) 6; pancreas

E) 6; thyroid gland

43) The most effective treatment for hyperparathyroidism is the

A) administration of thyroid hormone

B) administration of iodine

C) surgical removal of the gland

D) implantation of radioactive isotope pellets

E) administration of diuretics

44) A synonym for the term healing is

A) symptomatic

B) diagnostic

C) etiology

D) curative

E) adjuvant

45) Which of the following terms containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to an opposing structure, agent, or process?

A) Antagonist

B) Protagonist

C) Agonist

D) Contralateral

E) Adjuvant

46) A benign tumor of the thymus is called a

A) thymocyte

B) thymoma

C) goiter

D) thymusoma

E) thymocarcinoma

47) A synonym for the medical term adrenaline is

A) catecholamine

B) cortisol

C) norepinephrine

D) aldosterone

E) epinephrine

48) The disease caused by adrenal gland insufficiency, specifically a decreased production of adrenocortical steroids is called ________ disease.

49) Read this selection: Hypersecretion of aldosterone leads to sodium retention and potassium loss with increased blood volume, hypertension, excessive thirst, and excessive urination. A benign adenoma is the most common cause and can be removed by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Which of the following statements best describes this condition?

A) Surgery is seldom necessary.

B) There is hypervolemia and low blood pressure.

C) Polyuria is a complication.

D) A malignancy is a common cause.

E) The etiology is usually unknown.

50) A medicine that is labeled PO should be given

A) by mouth

B) intravenously

C) intramuscularly

D) pre-operatively

E) post-operatively

51) The condition resulting from hypersecretion of cortisol, and manifested by a "moon" facies, obesity of the trunk, osteoporosis, muscle wasting and weakness, and reduced resistance to infections is called

A) Addison disease

B) Cushing syndrome

C) Conn syndrome

D) Hashimoto disease

E) myxedema

52) In the medical term pheochromocytoma, what is the meaning of the prefix?

A) Color

B) Tumor

C) Gray

D) Organic compound

E) Origin

53) Read this selection: Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that overproduces the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine. A patient with this tumor has hypertension that is difficult to control, severe headaches, tachycardia, palpitations, and feelings of impending death. Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?

A) Adrenaline production is not changed.

B) The low blood pressure is easily treated.

C) The heart is one organ that is not affected.

D) The high blood pressure is accompanied by increased pulse rate.

E) There is little reason for discomfort or anxiety.

54) The medical term that means excessive body and facial hair is

A) alopecia

B) facies

C) virilism

D) gynecomastia

E) hirsutism

55) The removal of a part or the whole of an adrenal gland is called a (n)

A) adenectomy

B) adrenalectomy

C) adrenalotomy

D) adenotomy

E) adrenalostomy

56) Which of the following terms, meaning development of masculine characteristics by a female, is spelled correctly?

A) Virilism

B) Virrilism

C) Virallism

D) Viralism

E) Virillisum

57) Of the following terms, which one has a suffix that means tumor?

A) Oncology

B) Malignant

C) Catecholamine

D) Aldosteronoma

E) Aldosterone

58) Of the following terms, which one has a suffix meaning to break down?

A) Pancreatitis

B) Somatostatin

C) Diabetic

D) Glycogenolysis

E) Gluconeogenesis

59) Which of the following terms has a word element that means new?

A) Gluconeogenesis

B) Glucagon

C) Insulin

D) Somatostatin

E) Glycogenolysis

60) The first organ affected by hypoglycemia is the

A) stomach

B) gallbladder

C) liver

D) brain

E) kidney

61) Diabetes which occurs during pregnancy is called ________ diabetes.

62) Polydipsia and polyuria both contain a word element meaning

A) eating

B) drinking

C) a urinary condition

D) many or much

E) above normal

63) The normal value for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is ________.

A) less than 6%

B) 9% to 12%

C) 13% to 16%

D) 17% to 20%

E) 20% to 25%

64) The medical term polyuria means excessive

A) use of medication

B) sleepiness

C) loss of sugar in the urine

D) retention of urine

E) production of urine

65) The medical term that means a condition of excessive thirst is

A) hyperglycemic

B) polyphagia

C) polydipsia

D) polycythemia

E) hyperdipsia

66) The medication metformin has a synergistic effect when used in combination with sulfonylureas. The nurse understand that metformin

A) inhibits the action of sulfonylureas

B) aids the action of sulfonylureas

C) decreases the effectiveness of sulfonylureas

D) is toxic when used with sulfonylureas

E) must be used with sulfonylureas to be effective

67) The action of FSH is to

A) stimulate the mammary glands after pregnancy to produce milk

B) stimulate cells to enlarge and divide, particularly in childhood and adolescence

C) stimulate ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum in the ovary

D) stimulate the development of eggs by the ovaries and sperm production in the testes

E) stimulate the kidneys to reduce the volume of urine that is produced

68) The suffix which means stimulation is

A) -tropin

B) –steroid

C) –physis

D) –ine

E) –pressin

69) A pituitary hormone that constricts blood vessels and decreases urine output is called

A) thyroxine

B) prolactin

C) vasopressin

D) oxytocin

E) hypophysis

70) A condition of severe hypothyroidism seen in an adult is called

A) Hashimoto disease

B) myxedema

C) Graves disease

D) thyroid storm

E) cretinism

71) The term thyrotoxicosis means

A) an inflammation of the thyroid gland due to a poison

B) a disorder caused by excessive thyroid hormone production

C) an inflammation of the inner lining of the thyroid gland

D) an opening made into the thyroid gland to drain poison

E) an inflammation of the thyroid gland causing blood poisoning

72) A patient has a nodule on the thyroid gland. To determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant, which of the following tests would be best to perform?

A) Isotopic thyroid scan

B) Ultrasonography

C) TSH blood levels

D) Fine needle aspiration biopsy

E) Antithyroid antibodies

73) A patient with a malignant lesion on the thyroid gland would likely receive which classification of medication?

A) Antithyroids

B) Radioactive iodine

C) Thyroid replacements

D) Chemotherapy

E) Pituitary hormone blockers

74) The name of the condition that results from very low levels of parathyroid hormone causing painful muscle spasms is ________.

75) An underdeveloped or congenital absence of the thymus gland is called

A) Hashimoto disease

B) DiGeorge syndrome

C) Conn syndrome

D) hypothymoma

E) Addison disease

76) DHEA is a precursor for which of the following hormones?

A) Estrogen

B) Testosterone

C) Epinephrine

D) Norepinephrine

E) Aldosterone

77) The term used to describe a disease attacking a person who already has another disease is

A) concurrent

B) opportunistic

C) intercurrent

D) exacerbation

E) virilistic

78) The hormone produced by the alpha cells in the pancreas that raises the blood sugar level is ________.

79) The type of diabetes mellitus caused by the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing cells and found predominantly in people under the age of 30 is known as

A) Type 1 diabetes

B) Type 2 diabetes

C) Gestational diabetes

D) Mature-onset diabetes of youth

E) NIDDM

80) A type of diabetes mellitus that is genetically inherited and occurs in thin individuals who are in their teens and twenties is abbreviated as

A) IDDM

B) MODY

C) DM

D) NIDDM

E) JDM

81) The classic symptoms of hyperglycemia are unexplained weight loss and

A) polyurea, polydipsea, polyphagia

B) polyuria, polydipsea, polyphagia

C) polyuria, polydipsia, polyphasia

D) polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

E) polyurea, polydipsia, polyphasia

82) A complication of diabetes causing sensory defects with numbness, tingling, and paresthesias in the fingers and toes is called

A) diabetic retinopathy

B) diabetic neuropathy

C) diabetic nephropathy

D) diabetic musculopathy

E) diabetic dermopathy

83) An abnormal sensation such as tingling, burning and pricking, usually in the hands and feet of a person with diabetes mellitus is called ________.

84) The root in the medical term polyphagia means

A) condition

B) many, much

C) to eat

D) speech

E) thirst

85) . The abbreviation OGTT stands for

A) oral glucose tolerance test

B) occasional glucose training test

C) occasional glycogen treatment tablets

D) oral glycogen treatment tablets

E) oral glucose timed test

86) The hormone produced by the beta cells in the endocrine portion of the pancreas during periods of hyperglycemia is ________.

87) Insulin is administered routinely through which route?

A) Intramuscular

B) Intradermal

C) Subcutaneous

D) Transdermal

E) Orally

88) A patient who has diabetes mellitus needs periodic laboratory evaluation of kidney function. Which one of the following tests is specific in determining how well the kidneys are functioning?

A) NPH

B) BUN

C) OGTT

D) ECG

E) HbA1c

89) All of the following are classifications of the different types of insulin EXCEPT

A) intermediate acting

B) regular acting

C) long acting

D) rapid acting

E) delayed acting

90) The organ of the endocrine system that is responsible for producing serotonin by day which is converted to melatonin at night is the

A) hypothalamus

B) pituitary gland

C) thymus gland

D) pineal gland

E) adrenal gland

91) The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) secretes all of the following hormones EXCEPT

A) ACTH

B) ADH

C) LH

D) FSH

E) TSH

92) The root in the term prolactinoma means

A) milk

B) tumor

C) chemical compound

D) before, in front of

E) sugar

93) The gland which secretes a hormone that controls the speed at which the body's chemical functions proceed (metabolic rate) is the

A) thymus

B) pineal

C) adrenal

D) pituitary

E) thyroid

94) The two catecholamines liberated during a stress response are

A) epinephrine and cortisol

B) norepinephrine and aldosterone

C) epinephrine and norepinephrine

D) hydrocortisone and norepinephrine

E) epinephrine and aldosterone

95) A substance secreted by an organ and carried by the bloodstream to act at distant target sites is a (n) ________.

96) The prefix in the term parathyroid means

A) resembling

B) adjacent

C) an oblong shield

D) to bring forth

E) near

97) The root in the medical term acromegaly means

A) nourishment, development

B) enlargement

C) highest point, extremity

D) pertaining to

E) large

98) Diabetes insipidus (DI) results from a decreased production of

A) MRI

B) ACTH

C) TSH

D) PTH

E) ADH

99) The hormone calcitonin stimulates osteoblastic activity. This means the hormone

A) promotes bone formation

B) promotes destruction of bone

C) promotes release of calcium from bone into the bloodstream

D) promotes growth at the epiphyseal plate

E) promotes buildup of cartilage

100) All of the following are signs or symptoms of hyperthyroidism EXCEPT

A) weight loss

B) constipation

C) sweating

D) tachycardia

E) hypertension

101) In developing countries, a common cause of hypothyroidism is a lack of

A) calcium

B) sodium

C) chloride

D) potassium

E) iodine

102) The function of the thymus gland is to stimulate the production of

A) B lymphocytes

B) T lymphocytes

C) thyroid hormones

D) pituitary hormones

E) sex hormones

103) A patient with hyperthyroidism would be given which of the following classification of medications?

A) Analgesics

B) Antibiotics

C) Antithyroids

D) Thyroid replacements

E) Antidiuretics

104) Which of the following thyroid diagnostic tests would be most useful to identify an autoimmune inflammatory disease as a basis for increased levels of thyroid hormones?

A) Isotopic thyroid scan

B) TSH level

C) Serum calcitonin

D) Antithyroid antibodies

E) Ultrasonography

105) A patient is receiving adjuvant therapy in treating the disease. The term adjuvant means that the patient

A) is receiving experimental treatment

B) is receiving additional treatment to increase the effectiveness of the primary treatment

C) will receive a new therapy in place of the originally planned therapy

D) is receiving additional treatment to decrease the side effects of the primary treatment

E) will receive the new therapy to maintain remission of the disease

106) The principal mineralocorticoid is

A) epinephrine

B) cortisol

C) estradiol

D) aldosterone

E) norepinephrine

107) Read this selection: Addison disease is caused mostly by idiopathic atrophy of the adrenal cortex. Which of the following statements best describes the cause of Addison disease?

A) The adrenal cortex is enlarged due to increased hormone production.

B) The adrenal cortex shrinks for unknown reasons.

C) The adrenal cortex becomes diseased through viral infection and shrinks

D) The adrenal cortex shrinks due to exogenous administration of corticosteroids.

E) The adrenal cortex stops functioning due to a bacterial infection.

108) Identify the suffix and its meaning in the term gluconeogenesis.

A) Gluco; Glycogen

B) Genesis; Creation

C) Sis; Condition

D) Esis; Pertaining to

E) Neo; New

109) Identify the root/combining form in the term somatostatin and its meaning.

A) In; In

B) Statin; Inhibit

C) Somato; Body

D) Stat: Stand still

E) Soma: physical

110) All of the following are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia EXCEPT

A) shakiness

B) confusion

C) tremors

D) anxiety

E) flushed skin

111) A patient with an extremely low blood glucose level, less than 10 mg/dl, can experience a state of deep unconsciousness called a diabetic ________.

112) A medical emergency manifested by a state of marked hyperglycemia with dehydration, metabolic acidosis, and ketone formation is abbreviated

A) IDDM

B) DKA

C) NIDDM

D) MODY

E) DAK

113) A diagnostic test which measures plasma glucose control during the preceding 1 to 3 months is

A) BUN

B) OGGT

C) FBS

D) Fructosamine

E) HbA1c

114) Choose the correct spelling for the term which is a synonym for growth hormone.

A) Stomatitropin

B) Somatitropin

C) Somatotropin

D) Sometetrophin

E) Simetitrophin

115) Which of the following signs and symptoms would cause a health care provider to suspect that the female patient had a prolactinoma?

A) The patient had profuse sweating

B) The patient had milk dripping from the nipples

C) The patient had excessive urine production

D) The patient gained 30 pounds in six months

E) The patient experienced thinning of the hair on the top of her head

116) The medical term which means an abnormal production of breast milk is

A) lactogenesis

B) lactopoiesis

C) galactosis

D) galactorrhea

E) galactogenesis

117) The root/combining form toxic/o- in the medical term thyrotoxicosis means

A) an oblong shield

B) thymus

C) poison

D) able to kill

E) destroy

118) The root/combining form in the term ultrasonography means

A) sound

B) music

C) recording

D) beyond

E) view

119) A patient who has osteopenia, hypercalcemia, and nephrolithiasis most probably has an excess of

A) adrenal hormone

B) parathyroid hormone

C) thyroid hormone

D) pancreatic hormone

E) thymus hormone

120) Choose the correct pronunciation of the medical term exophthalmos.

A) EX-op-thal-mos

B) eks-op-thahl-MUS

C) eks-OP-thal-mos

D) ek-sof-THAL-mos

E) ex-SOP-thal-mos

121) Build a medical term that means a deficiency of all pituitary hormones.

A) pan+ hypo + pituitar + ism

B) eu + hypo + pituitar + ism

C) hypo + pituitar + ism

D) hypo + pituitary + ism

E) pan + hypo + pituitary + ism