Complete Test Bank Ch8 The Cultural Construction Of Violent - Complete Test Bank | Cultural Anthropology Problem 8e by Richard H. Robbins. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 8: The Cultural Construction of Violent Conflict
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. One way that the United States rewards collective violence is by ______.
a. restricting religious freedom
b. framing war rhetoric around the idea of defending freedom
c. letting people out of prison early for good behavior
d. treating soldiers as heroes
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Question 8.1: How Do Societies Create a Bias in Favor of Collective Violence?
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. What was the major difference between those in the first rank (ongop) and those in the second rank (ondeigupa) among the Kiowa?
a. the number of horses they owned
b. how many wives they could support
c. whether they had war honors
d. their generosity
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Horses, Rank, and Warfare Among the Kiowa
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Which item was necessary for Kiowa men to achieve high status?
a. sword with an illustrious history
b. yam house built by his in-laws
c. horse to ride on raids
d. club with which to beat other men
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Horses, Rank, and Warfare Among the Kiowa
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Yanomamö collective violence is most often for the purpose of ______.
a. defending against evil
b. capturing and protecting resources
c. acquiring high status
d. spreading religious ideals
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Good Hosts Among the Yanomamö
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. The Yanomamö quality of waiteri is ______.
a. justified by religious differences
b. carried out via ridicule, shame, and joking
c. enforced through socialized aggression from childhood
d. a genetic characteristic passed down through the mitochondrial DNA
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Good Hosts Among the Yanomamö
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. The Yanomamö direct violence toward ______.
a. members of their villages only
b. outsiders only
c. members of other villages and men in their own village only
d. members of other villages and both men and women in their own village
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Good Hosts Among the Yanomamö
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Dushmani in Kohistan involves ______.
a. forced fights among young boys to make them aggressive
b. carefully balanced retaliation for slights to honor
c. the glorification of soldiers
d. the construction of indifference to status
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Defending Honor in Kohistan
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Which incident might spark a blood feud among the Kohistani?
a. an attack by the Pakistani military
b. a man flirting with his friend’s unmarried sister
c. a brother-in-law failing to provide the expected number of yams
d. a moka partner giving fewer gifts than status demands
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Defending Honor in Kohistan
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Which of the following statements is true regarding violence motivated by religion?
a. It is the only kind that is justified.
b. It does not achieve its goal.
c. It often has a secular basis as well.
d. It leads to salvation and peace.
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Constructing Religious Justifications for Violence
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Operation Rescue justifies violence based on ______.
a. a code of honor
b. reward and status
c. protecting resources
d. religious ideas of good versus evil
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Constructing Religious Justifications for Violence
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. The Army of God believes which of the following?
a. Killing abortion providers is justified by biblical law
b. The establishment of an Islamic state required by Allah
c. Killing those who belong to a corrupt system saves them from accruing bad karma
d. Violence in the name of God is morally unjustified
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Constructing Religious Justifications for Violence
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. In order for anthropologists to classify a society as peaceful, members must ______.
a. not engage in violence even to defend themselves against outside violence
b. not practice internal collective violence and rarely practice violence on an individual scale
c. resolve conflicts peacefully, limit internal collective violence, and refuse to eat meat
d. value nonaggression, prize poetic composition, and have disdain for warriors
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Question 8.2: How Do Societies Create a Bias Against Violent Conflict?
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. How do the Ju/wasi reduce competition for meat resources?
a. Through the expectation that the owner of the arrow that kills the animal must distribute the meat
b. By never denying a group member anything necessary to sustain life
c. Through teaching even the smallest child to survive without the need for meat
d. By rewarding the best hunters with increased status
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. The Semai respond to Pehunan by ______.
a. ridiculing the person with Pehunan for lacking the necessities
b. requiring those who display violence to leave the group
c. instilling a strong sense of personal responsibility
d. helping each person meet their needs as a group
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Which is a strategy used by the Ju/wasi to reduce violence?
a. Smiling and laughing even when they are angry
b. The destruction of anything that might be used as a weapon
c. Ridiculing anyone who is too boastful
d. Economic monopolies on life-sustaining goods
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. An Inuit person may ______ so that others do not interpret them as hostile.
a. smile or laugh often
b. joke around to settle conflicts
c. satisfy Pehunan
d. give many gifts
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. An Inuit person is least likely to ______.
a. smile or laugh
b. ask a friend for a favor
c. accept help from a friend
d. share meat with a neighbor
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. A Xingu potter does not make stone axes because ______.
a. he does not know how
b. stoneworking is women’s work
c. intervillage cooperation would be at risk
d. pots are more highly prized than axes
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Xingu village ______ encourage intervillage cooperation.
a. council edicts
b. rites of passage
c. endogamous practices
d. economic monopolies
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Which of the following statements is true about Xingu warriors who successfully defend the village?
a. They are considered polluted and must be cleansed of blood
b. They leave the village and are not allowed back
c. They are revered by those who can then remain nonviolent
d. They become leaders with high status
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. Thomas Hobbes’ characterization of life as “solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short” in places without a strong central authority is most true for the ______.
a. Ju/wasi
b. Yanomamö
c. Americans
d. Semai
Learning Objective: Question 8.3: What are the economic, political, or social differences between peaceful and violent societies?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Question 8.3: What Are the Economic, Political, or Social Differences Between Peaceful and Violent Societies?
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. The characteristic of ______ is most similar to the Yanomamö quality of waiteri.
a. “heart” for the Vice Lords
b. Pehunan for the Semai
c. moka for Papua New Guineans
d. mana for Polynesians
Learning Objective: Question 8.3: What are the economic, political, or social differences between peaceful and violent societies?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Need to Protect Resources and Honor
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. How did Yanomamö violence develop?
a. The Yanomamö have been fierce for their entire history.
b. The Yanomamö became violent when land became scarce.
c. Yanomamö violence followed a series of cultural changes after Western contact.
d. Yanomamö violence developed in response to direct aggression from nearby indigenous groups.
Learning Objective: Question 8.3: What are the economic, political, or social differences between peaceful and violent societies?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Creating the Conditions for Violence
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. Warfare in small-scale societies does not have a big impact on the number of children born because ______.
a. few men die in small-scale warfare
b. only men who have children already are permitted to fight
c. the men who die in battle would not have produced children anyway
d. polygyny increases when many men die
Learning Objective: Question 8.4: What are the effects of war on societies?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Impact of War on Population
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. Why do sex ratios sometimes skew more male as societies become more violent?
a. Natural selection produces more male babies.
b. Female infanticide rises.
c. Aggressive men are more likely to reproduce than peaceful men.
d. Women are killed in higher numbers than men.
Learning Objective: Question 8.4: What are the effects of war on societies?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Impact of War on Population
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. The key factor in the development of the Zulu state was ______.
a. warfare
b. population decline
c. resource scarcity
d. illness
Learning Objective: Question 8.4: What are the effects of war on societies?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Evolution of the Nation-State
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. One major component in the identity of a nuclear weapons scientist is ______.
a. secrecy
b. pro-war ideology
c. political conservatism
d. environmentalism
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Anthropology of a Nuclear Weapons Laboratory
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. Becoming part of the Livermore nuclear weapons laboratory and being considered a full adult in the lab involves ______.
a. interviewing for an open position
b. accepting a salary offer
c. gaining entry to the white area
d. obtaining the green badge
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Anthropology of a Nuclear Weapons Laboratory
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. The most important way for scientists in the Livermore nuclear weapons laboratory to obtain high status is to ______.
a. know the most secrets
b. have many ideas that test successfully
c. be a part of the most committees
d. have the closest relationship to the Vice President of the United States
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Anthropology of a Nuclear Weapons Laboratory
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. Domestic metaphors used by scientists in nuclear weapons laboratories serves to ______.
a. help the scientists picture the human face of the victims of the weapons
b. reinforce the objectivity of the teams creating the weapons
c. remove accountability for the destruction the weapons will create
d. remind the scientists that the weapons will be used to defend their families
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Language of Nuclear Destruction
Difficulty Level: Medium
31. Which of the following is an example of distancing language used by scientists in nuclear weapons labs?
a. Q clearance
b. chemical burn
c. pasture bombing
d. Christmas tree farms
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Language of Nuclear Destruction
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. One example of “human terrain” is ______.
a. an isolated mountaintop in view of a small village
b. a river where people wash clothes and collect water
c. the belief that the dead cannot rest in peace if they remain unburied
d. a plateau that must be crossed to reach the next town
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Human Terrain Concept and the Human Terrain Systems (HTS)
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. Human Terrain Teams include social scientists as well as ______.
a. local politicians
b. members of Congress
c. indigenous advisors
d. members of the military
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Human Terrain Concept and the Human Terrain Systems (HTS)
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. How did the American Anthropological Association react to the use of Human Terrain Teams?
a. It was supportive of anthropologists using their knowledge to aid their country
b. It was neutral since anthropologists are Americans before they are anthropologists
c. It was unsupportive since anthropological participation is a dangerous ethical violation
d. It was supportive since anthropologists can use their knowledge to protect indigenous groups
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Anthropological Reaction to HTS
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. One ethical consideration involved in Human Terrain Systems is whether ______.
a. informants will feel free to deny consent to questioning
b. anthropologists will use their knowledge to influence military policy
c. anthropologists are in danger in their work
d. informants will use their relationships with anthropologists for their own gain
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Anthropological Reaction to HTS
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. Christianity is the only major religion without violent extremists.
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Constructing Religious Justifications for Violence
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. There are no societies that meet the anthropological standards for “peacefulness.”
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Question 8.2: How Do Societies Create a Bias Against Violent Conflict?
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Gender roles are more equal in more peaceful societies.
Learning Objective: Question 8.3: What are the economic, political, or social differences between peaceful and violent societies?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sexism and Violent Conflict
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Russia’s population has still not recovered from the death toll of World War II.
Learning Objective: Question 8.4: What are the effects of war on societies?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Impact of War on Population
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Scientists who work to develop nuclear weapons want them to be used against others.
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Anthropology of a Nuclear Weapons Laboratory
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
1. Discuss the major justifications for socially-sanctioned violence and provide an example of each one.
Learning Objective: Question 8.1: How do societies create a bias in favor of collective violence?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Question 8.1: How Do Societies Create a Bias In Favor of Collective Violence?
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Discuss the cultural factors that allow the Ju/wasi to maintain peace.
Learning Objective: Question 8.2: How do societies create a bias against violent conflict?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Compare and contrast characteristics of peaceful and violent societies without centralized governments.
Learning Objective: Question 8.3: What are the economic, political, or social differences between peaceful and violent societies?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Need to Protect Resources and Honor
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. What impact has warfare had on population?
Learning Objective: Question 8.4: What are the effects of war on societies?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Impact of War on Population
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Analyze the arguments for and against the development of nuclear weapons.
Learning Objective: Question 8.5: How is it possible to justify the creation of weapons of mass destruction?
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Anthropology of a Nuclear Weapons Laboratory
Difficulty Level: Hard
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Complete Test Bank | Cultural Anthropology Problem 8e
By Richard H. Robbins