Complete Test Bank Ch.21 nan Protist Evolution And Diversity

Biology, 13e (Mader)

Chapter 21 Protist Evolution and Diversity

1) The most widely accepted formal classification of protists assigns them to

A) the kingdom Protista.

B) five different supergroups.

C) domain Archaea.

D) domain Eubacteria

2) Which of the characteristic(s) apply to the supergroup Archaeplastida?

A) They contain plastids that originated from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.

B) They include multicellular and unicellular organisms.

C) They include land plants and the green algae, Chlorophyta.

D) They include only multicellular organisms that contain plastids.

E) All of these apply.

3) Which disease is incorrectly matched with the causative agent?

A) fish kills—dinoflagellate

B) fish ick—a ciliate

C) malaria—an amoebozoan

D) African sleeping sickness—a trypanosome

4) ________ is a mixotrophic protozoan that is able to combine autotrophic and heterotrophic nutritional modes.

A) Euglena

B) Plasmodium

C) Amoeba

D) Giardia

5) Which protistan structure is NOT correctly matched with its function?

A) pseudopodia—movement and feeding

B) cyst—a reproductive structure

C) trichocyst—defense and capture of prey

D) pyrenoid—synthesis of starch

6) Which is NOT a feature found in protozoans?

A) heterotrophic

B) multicellular

C) usually motile

D) eukaryotic

7) Which organelles serve as the energy centers for most protists?

A) mitochondria and plastids

B) chloroplasts and Golgi bodies

C) mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

D) mitochondria and nucleus

8) Which of the following protists is incorrectly matched with its form of locomotion?

A) amoeboids—pseudopodia

B) ciliates—cilia

C) zooflagellates—flagella

D) sporozoan—pellicle

9) Protist reproduction

A) is only asexual by binary fission.

B) is only sexual by mitosis.

C) is most commonly asexual by mitosis.

D) is most commonly sexual by meiosis.

10) This name of the filamentous algae pictured here, belonging to the supergroup Archaeplastida, is 

A) Ulva.

B) Plasmodium.

C) Chlamydomonas.

D) Spirogyra.

E) Volvox.

11) Which of the following alga is mismatched with its description?

A) Chlamydomonas—unicellular

B) Volvox—filamentous

C) Ulva—multicellular

D) Chara—multicellular

12) DNA sequencing suggests that among the green algae, the ________ are most closely related to land plants.

A) Volvox

B) Spirogyra

C) Stoneworts

D) Ulva

E) Chlamydomonas

13) The members of the supergroup Archaeplastida that have cell walls impregnated with calcium carbonate and help build coral reefs are the

A) diatoms.

B) dinoflagellates.

C) multicellular green algae.

D) brown algae.

E) red algae.

14) "Red tides" are produced by massive blooms of

A) green algae.

B) dinoflagellates.

C) ciliates.

D) amoebozoans.

E) apicomplexans.

15) Which feature has to be present in a protist in order to classify it as a photoautotroph?

A) the presence of mitochondria within the cell

B) the ability to synthesize organic compounds

C) the presence of a light-trapping pigment

D) the presence of cellulose in the cell wall

E) the ability to synthesize inorganic compounds

16) The deposits of chalky fossils that built the White Cliffs of Dover were formed by

A) amoebozoans.

B) foraminiferans.

C) ciliates.

D) diatoms.

E) dinoflagellates.

17) The opisthokonts include all of the following organisms EXCEPT

A) animals.

B) plants.

C) fungi.

D) choanoflagellates.

18) Which definition would best describe the mode of nutrition of Euglena?

A) carnivorous

B) decomposer

C) heterotrophic

D) photoautotrophic

E) mixotrophic

19) Which of the following organisms belong to the supergroup Excavata?

A) euglenids, amoeboids, and cellular slime molds

B) diplomonads, euglenids, and parabasalids

C) diplomonads, euglenids, and diatoms

D) foraminiferans, radiolarians, and fungi

20) Which organisms are classified as archaeplastids? Describe their mode of nutrition.

21) Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax  and explain how humans fit into its life cycle.

22) A flagellated protist that is sexually transmitted is

A) Plasmodium.

B) Giardia.

C) Entamoeba.

D) Trichomonas.

E) Paramecium.

23) Which description best supports the endosymbiotic theory of organelles?

A) Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and plastids by engulfing free-living bacteria and developed a symbiotic relationship with them. Mitochondria were derived from anaerobic bacterium while chloroplasts were derived from aerobic bacterium.

B) Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and plastids by engulfing free-living bacteria and developed a symbiotic relationship with them. Mitochondria were derived from aerobic bacterium while chloroplasts were derived from cyanobacterium.

C) Eukaryotic cells acquired nuclei and flagella by engulfing free-living bacteria and developed a symbiotic relationship with them. Nuclei were derived from aerobic bacterium while flagella were derived from motile bacteria.

D) Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and flagella by engulfing free-living bacteria and developed a symbiotic relationship with them. Mitochondria were derived from aerobic bacterium while flagella were derived from motile bacteria.

24) Describe the evidence that supports that protists have evolved into multiple evolutionary lineages.

25) Which of the following organisms belong to the supergroup Amoebozoa?

A) amoeboids and euglenoids

B) plasmodial and water molds

C) plasmodial and cellular slime molds

D) cellular slime molds and radiolarians

E) choanoflagellates and diplomonads

26) Slime molds were once classified as fungi. What characteristics of the slime molds distinguish them from fungi?

A) Slime molds lack cell walls.

B) They are flagellated cells at certain stages of the life cycle.

C) The vegetative state of the slime mold is mobile and amoeboid.

D) All of these characteristics distinguish slime molds from fungi.

27) The endosymbiont hypothesis proposes all of the following EXCEPT

A) mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria.

B) a nucleated cell engulfed an aerobic bacterium which evolved into mitochondria.

C) prokaryotes evolved when an aerobic bacterium engulfed a cyanobacterium.

D) chloroplasts originated when a nucleated cell engulfed a cyanobacterium.

28) If a public health official was trying to reduce the potential for human exposure to a "red tide," which of the following actions would they take?

A) place a ban on eating shellfish that were exposed to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catanella

B) decrease the amount of nutrients that are washed into the aquatic ecosystem

C) ban swimming and other recreational activities in the area

D) All of these actions would help reduce the potential for human exposure to a "red tide."

29) Explain the features necessary for both brown algae and dinoflagellates to be classified in the supergroup SAR.

30) Which of the following protozoans is mismatched with the disease that it causes?

A) Trypanosoma brucei—sleeping sickness

B) Trichomonas vaginalis—vaginitis and urethritis

C) Entamoeba histolytica—amoebic dysentery

D) Giardia lamblia—malaria

31) Imagine you are working for the Florida Public Health Department and you have been assigned the task of preventing malaria from spreading throughout the southern Everglades. Which of the following scenarios would have a chance of success? 

A) spraying the edges of the Everglades with a pesticide that will kill mosquitos

B) developing a vaccination that would prevent the ability of the merozoites to reproduce within the host's bloodstream

C) devising an insect repellant that would prevent the Anopheles mosquito from biting a human host

D) All of these scenarios would have a chance of success in preventing malaria from spreading throughout the southern Everglades.

32) A common cause of amoebic dysentery is

A) Trichomonas vaginalis.

B) Entamoeba histolytica.

C) Plasmodium falciparum.

D) Giardia intestinalis.

33) Amoebic dysentery is transmitted by (through)

A) the bite of a mosquito.

B) the bite of a tsetse fly.

C) having sex with an infected partner.

D) ingesting contaminated water or food.

34) How are the archaeplastids similar to and different from the plants?

35) The human body generally forms antibodies ("immune chemicals") to foreign substances detected in the blood plasma or in interstitial spaces within a short time. Explain why the malaria organism, unlike "short-lived" influenza and other infections, can survive in the human host to cause recurrent chills and fevers for years.

36) Identify the organism in the picture and the supergroup it belongs to. What characteristic(s) helped you to identify the organism?

37) In Plasmodium, sexual reproduction occurs in the ________, while asexual reproduction occurs in ________.

A) mosquito; humans

B) humans; mosquitoes

C) tsetse fly; humans

D) deer tick; deer

The evolutionary relationships between the eukaryotic supergroups are depicted in the diagram.

38) Diatoms share a more recent common ancestor with dinoflagellates than with water molds.

39) Which of the following pairs of protists would be most closely related due to both of them possessing plastids?

A) archaeplastids & rhizaria

B) archaeplastids & stramenopiles

C) rhizaria & amoebozoans

D) amoebozoans & excavates

40) The term "protist" is used to refer to a eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus.

41) The reason biologists believe that green algae and land plants, both members of the supergroup Archaeplastida, are related is because both of them possess chlorophyll a and b, as well as cell walls made of starch.

42) It is believed that eukaryotes evolved their mitochondria from a symbiotic relationship with a free-living aerobic bacteria. 

43) Brown algae that live along the rocky shores of the north temperate zones are able to withstand pounding tides and drying because of their holdfasts and the water-retaining material in their cell walls.

44)  Each time a diatom reproduces sexually, the size of the daughter cells decreases until diatoms are about 30% of their original size. At this point, they begin to reproduce asexually.

45) Water molds are heterotrophic because they are parasitic on fish, plants, and insects.

46) The 1840s Irish potato famine was caused by a water mold parasite on potatoes.