Chapters 1-7 Mid-Term Exam 1e Test Questions & Answers 1e

1e - Introduction to Public Health Program Planning

Hayden

Chapters 1-7 Mid-term Exam

Multiple Choice

1. Planning is a basic skill in public health because it:

A) provides data for making funding decisions.

B) enables the equitable distribution of work across disciplines and departments.

C) underlies the 10 essential public health services.

D) requires community involvement in program development.

2. Access to health care services in the United States is a determinant of health dependent upon:

A) stable employment.

B a designated primary health care provider.

C) health insurance coverage.

D) the absence of pre-existing conditions.

3. Theories are used as the foundation for program development because they:

A) explain why people do what they do and suggest ways to change it.

B) reduce the likelihood of resource mismanagement.

C) provide program structure.

D) streamline the process of developing goals and objectives.

4. To change a behavior resulting from lack of knowledge, such as poor dietary choices, using a theory at which level of influence would be most appropriate?

A) Interpersonal
B) Intrapersonal
C) Societal
D) Community

5. The concept of reciprocal determinism underlying Social Cognitive Theory is important to understand when using the theory as the basis for planning a program because:

A) when behavior is changed, the collateral effects need to be identified and addressed.

B) the reversibility of a behavior change determines the likelihood of change.
C) changing any one element governing behavior, changes them all.

D) behavior changes when the change is perceived as a reward that offsets punishment.

6. When Protection Motivation Theory is used, which of the following is the basis of behavior change?

A) Networks

B) Knowledge

C) Intention

D) Fear

7. If the unhealthy behavior identified in a needs assessment is not under volitional control, which of the following theories would be most appropriate to use as the basis for a program?

A) Social cognitive theory

B) Theory of Planned Behavior

C) Self-efficacy Theory

D) Social Capital Theory

8. When Self-efficacy Theory is the foundation for behavior change, program activities may include all the following except:

A) opportunities to practice the desired behavior.

B) observations of others engaging in the desired behavior.

C) positive comments to support trying the desired behavior.

D) rewards for attempting the desired behavior.

9. When the Social-ecological model is used as the basis for program development, it entails understanding:

A) how the interplay among factors at different levels of influence affect behavior.

B) when a clash is likely to occur between the forces at each level of influence.

C) who the thought leaders are within each level of influence.

D) what the best communication channel is for each level of influence.

10. Using social capital as basis of program development requires recognition of:

A) the contribution relationship expectations and obligations make to behavior.

B) the importance of involving the intended audience in all aspects of planning.

C) the role political connectedness plays in gaining community buy-in for a program.

D) the difficulty of changing underlying societal norms contributing to a health problem.

11. When forming a planning committee, it’s important to do all the following except:

A) have a chairperson assigned by the planning organization.

B) include representatives from the intended audience.

C) select members based on their past affiliations with the planning organization.

D) involve people who would be indirectly affected by the program.

12. Working with a planning committee has many advantages including all the following except:

A) shared expertise.

B) unilateral decision making.

C) idea generation.

D) access to networking opportunities.

13. Using the information obtained from a needs assessment as the basis for program development reflects which of the following principles of planning?

A) Plan with people

B) Plan for priorities

C) Plan for measurable outcomes

D) Plan with a process

14. When both quantitative and qualitative data are needed, which of the following methods could be used to collect both?

A) Surveys and interviews

B) Interviews and focus groups

C) Focus groups and observation

D) Observation and interviews

15. Secondary data collection for a needs assessment entails:

A) gathering information that’s readily available from existing sources.

B) collecting information directly from the people the program will impact.

C) identifying what’s missing after primary data are analyzed.

D) conducting focus groups following survey data collected.

16. The first task in conducting a needs assessment is to:
A) develop a questionnaire.

B) determine what data are missing.

C) conduct a literature review.

D) clarify the reason why it’s being done.

17. Data are collected from a representative sample of the population in a needs assessment when:

A) collecting data from the entire population is not feasible.

B) there is concern about response bias.

C) the population is vastly diverse and spread over a large geographic area.

D) secondary data are wanted.

18. Using community based participatory research as the foundation for conducting a needs assessment:

A) reduces the cost of conducting focus groups.

B) ensures results are what community members perceive as the unmet needs.

C) eliminates political interference with the process.

D) hastens the data collection phase of the assessment.

19. Which method of data collection would the planning committee use to generate the greatest response rate?

A) Focus group

B) Observation

C) Interview

D) Online survey

20. When using a focus group to collect needs assessment data:

A) participant information and comments are collected anonymously.

B) participants sign a non-disclosure agreement.

C) the planning committee invites people to participate.

D) a minimum of 20 participants are needed.

21. To increase the chances of questions on a data collection instrument being answered:

A) avoid using open-ended questions.

B) group demographic questions together at the beginning of the instrument.

C) ask for written comments.

D) include humorous questions to hold their interest.

22. A reliable data collection instrument is one that:

A) was pilot tested within six months of use.

B) is used over again.

C) has been used by others.

D) collects the data it’s meant to collect every time it’s used.

23. A valid data collection instrument is one that:

A) collects the data it’s supposed to collect.

B) can legally be used.

C) is developed by the planning committee.

D) has been used on a similar population.

24. All the following are guidelines for creating questions for a data collection instrument except:

A) keep the questions short and to the point.

B) explain ambiguous terms.

C) focus on one issue per question.

D) use words to elicit a specific response.

25. Needs assessment questionnaires should contain all the following except:

A) instructions for completing the form.

B) an introductory paragraph that explains the questionnaire’s purpose.

C) contact information for the questionnaire developer.

D) explanation about the confidentiality or anonymity of the data.

26. When writing objectives, all the following are included except:

A) when the change is expected.

B) how much of a change is expected.

C) in whom the change is expected.

D) what barrier to change is expected.

27. The planning committee creates which of the following to manage and monitor the flow of the program?

A) Timeline and logic model

B) Budget and task table

C) Rationale and program plan

D) Responsibility chart and expense account

28. Replicating an evidence-based program to address a health issue is preferable to creating a new program because an evidence-based program:

A) has proven effectiveness.

B) is less costly to scale-up.

C) includes access to funding sources.

D) requires less time to implement.

29. When developing program strategies, attention is given to making sure they do all the following except:

A) enable the goals and objectives to be met.

B) align with resources.

C) reach the intended audience.

D) increase self-efficacy.

30. In response to a request for a program justification, which of the following is most appropriate?

A) Program plan

B) Logic model

C) A rationale

D) An income/expense spreadsheet

31. The SMOG readability method is based on:

A) the polysyllabic word count in 10 sentences at the beginning, middle, and end of a document.

B) the frequency of conjunction use in the document.

C) the number of compound sentences in the first, middle, and last paragraphs of a document.

D) the consistency of verb tense throughout the document.

32. When implementing an evidence-based program:

A) adjustments or adaptations are not needed.

B) specific protocols are developed to meet the needs of the intended audience.

C) all activities are delivered as they were in the research setting.

D) unique features from implementation in the research setting are eliminated.

33. To avoid having issues arise from poor contextual fit, all the following are recommended except:

A) confirm that the program meets a need or solves a problem.

B) use personnel, time, and materials efficiently.

C) ensure the resources needed match those available.

D) mitigate discrepancies between location accessibility and desirability.

34. When an evidence-based program is scaled, the purpose is to:

A) reach more people.

B) ensure it’s in line with available resources.

C) weigh its pros and cons.

D) assess the extent of community buy-in.

35. Before scaling an evidence-based program, the most important factor for the planning committee to know is its:

A) likely reach.

B) contextual fit.

C) effectiveness.

D) feasibility.

36. A scalable program has all the following characteristics except:

A) known efficacy.

B) ability to reach intended audience.

C) minimal resource needs.

D) alignment with delivery organization priorities.

37. If the intention of the planning committee is to implement a program about substance abuse prevention to parents of middle-school students attending the October PTA meeting, what type of sampling would this be?

A) Convenience sampling

B) Random sampling

C) Chance sampling

D) Quota sampling

38. The size of a sample is:

A) irrelevant when random sampling is used.

B) determined by the type of data to be collected.

C) limited by the method used to collect data.

D) key to the accuracy of the evaluation results.

39. In order to validate that changes in program participants resulted from the program and did not happen by chance, the planning committee would:

A) conduct summative evaluations.

B) use an experimental design.

C) employ self-selection to establish the participant sample.

D) record program sessions.

40. The planning committee is limited to using a pre-test/posttest evaluation design when:

A) participation is voluntary.

B) a control group is not created.

C) the total population is less than 100.

D) the program consists of only one session.

True or False

1. In programs using Diffusion of Innovation as the basis for behavior change, adoption of the new behavior is more likely to occur if people can try it out before committing to it.

2. Planning committee meetings are best held face to face when possible because they allow for more effective discussions and relationship building.

3. When developing program strategies, creating one tailored strategy for addressing an issue is far more effective than using multiple strategies.

4. The last section of an evaluation report is the executive summary, which is a synopsis of the data and the conclusions drawn from it written by the director of the delivery organization.

5. In addition to developing an evaluation plan, an evaluation timeline is also developed to keep the evaluation on track.

6. To ensure the evaluation is conducted according to the requirements of the design selected, an evaluation plan is developed immediately after full program implementation.

7. In addition to providing evidence of program effectiveness, evaluation results are also used to inform policy decisions.

8. A process evaluation is used to keep the planning committee abreast of program implementation efforts.

9. If mixed methods are used for data collection, qualitative data should be collected first to compensate for the time it takes to analyze this type of data.

Essay

1. Although education is clearly linked to health, programs that focus on increasing knowledge alone do not always lead to better health. Why?