Chapter 9: Law and Social Control

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Historically, one reason individuals would obey laws such as not speeding was for one of which of the following reasons?

A. conscience

B. social influence

C. sanctions

D. self-interest

2. Identify which of the following is not a characteristic of criminal penalties.

A. in large relies on confinement of offenders

B. in large relies on monetary charges

C. overcrowding of prisons

D. most arrests made for victimless crimes

3. Identify which of the following does not fall under the definition of genocide.

A. killing members of a group

B. causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of a group

C. targeting an individual for membership in a group

D. imposing measures to prevent births within a group

4. Identify which of the following cases started the moratorium on the death penalty.

A. Furman v. Georgia

B. Gregg v. Georgia

C. Atkins v. Virginia

D. Roper v. Simmons

5. Deterrence refers to ______.

A. punishment intended to transform individual into productive member of society

B. punishing to discourage from offenses happening again

C. punishing in order to harm the individual that caused harm

D. punishing to remove individual from society as an interest for safety

6. The U.S. prison population is ______.

A. around 1 million

B. around 1.5 million

C. around 1 billion

D. around 1.5 billion

7. Identify which of the following cases ordered California to decrease its prison population.

A. Brown v. Plata

B. Roper v. Simmons

C. Roe v. Wade

D. Atkins v. Virginia

8. Hilary believes that individuals who commit crime should be incarcerated because they need to pay for their crimes. Jessica most likely agrees with which purpose of punishment?

A. rehabilitation

B. retribution

C. incapacitation

D. deterrence

9. Incapacitation refers to ______.

A. punishing to remove individual from society as an interest for safety

B. punishing in order to harm the individual that caused harm

C. punishing to discourage from offenses happening again

D. punishment intended to transform individual into productive member of society

10. Sarah believes that individuals who commit crime can be changed into productive members of society. She most likely agrees with what purpose of punishment?

A. deterrence

B. incapacitation

C. retribution

D. rehabilitation

11. Individuals who would obey laws, such as refraining from murder, in order not to receive the death penalty is attributed to ______.

A. conscience

B. social influence

C. sanctions

D. self-interest

12. There must be a belief that violating a legal rule will result in the imposition of a penalty. This aligns with which of the fundamental requirements for deterrence to be effective?

A. severity

B. stigma

C. speed

D. certainty

13. The greater the shame the more effective the deterrence. This aligns with which of the fundamental requirements for deterrence to be effective?

A. stigma

B. certainty

C. communication

D. speed

14. The law to be obeyed must be viewed as moral and must be viewed as enforced in a fair and equal fashion. This aligns with which of the fundamental requirements for deterrence to be effective?

A. procedural justice

B. severity

C. certainty

D. stigma

15. This law is intended to control the socially harmful activity of individuals and groups of people.

A. criminal law

B. civil law

C. white-collar crime

D. self-defense

16. The punishment must be sufficiently severe to deter. This aligns with which of the fundamental requirements for deterrence to be effective?

A. certainty

B. severity

C. speed

D. stigma

17. Identify which of the following is NOT true about the death penalty.

A. it was deemed as discriminatory

B . its application was considered cruel and unusual punishment

C. a judge can exclude jurors from a trial if they are solely for or against it

D. it was deemed unconstitutional

18. Gregg v. Georgia ended the moratorium on the death penalty. Identify which of the following DID NOT factor into the decision process.

A. two-stage process

B. direct appeal

C. consideration of aggravated and mitigating circumstances

D. racial bias

19. Identify which of the following cases held that individuals under the age of 18 cannot be sentenced to death.

A. Atkins v. Virginia

B. Gregg v. Georgia

C. Furman v. Georgia

D. Roper v. Simmons

20. Approximately how many Americans are on probation?

A. 1 million

B. 2 million

C. 3 million

D. 4 million

21. Identify which of the following cases contended that mentally retarded individuals cannot be sentenced to death.

A. Furman v. Georgia

B. Atkins v. Virginia

C. Roper v. Simmons

D. Gregg v. Georgia

22. The moratorium on the death penalty ended with which of the following cases?

A. Furman v. Georgia

B. Atkins v. Virginia

C. Roper v. Simmons

D. Gregg v. Georgia

23. Rehabilitation refers to ______.

A. punishing to discourage from offenses happening again

B. punishment intended to transform individual into productive member of society

C. punishing in order to harm the individual that caused harm

D. punishing to remove individual from society as an interest for safety

24. If Amy believes that individuals who commit crime need to reimburse the victims from whatever they took away, then she most likely agrees with which purpose of punishment?

A. restitution

B. deterrence

C. incapacitation

D. rehabilitation

25. Sam believes that individuals should be punished so that an example is set that crime should not occur, and therefore most likely agrees with which purpose of punishment?

A. rehabilitation

B. deterrence

C. incapacitation

D. retribution

26. Individuals follow the law because it coincides with their own sense of right and wrong. This represents which of the four reasons why people obey the law?

A. conscience

B. social influence

C. sanctions

D. self-interest

27. This law is designated to compensate individuals for injury caused by individuals and by groups of people.

A. self-defense law

B. white-collar law

C. criminal law

D. civil law

28. The law, penalty, and enforcement must be communicated to the target audience refers to which requirement for deterrence efficiency?

A. certainty

B. severity

C. stigma

D. communication

29. A criminal having a very abusive past, which ensures that the death penalty is reserved for the “worst of the worst” offenders, would be considered as which following term?

A. a mitigating circumstance

B. an aggravating circumstance

C. irrelevant in the sentencing process

D. offender profiling

30. A crime being particularly brutal would be considered under which term?

A. an aggravating circumstance

B. a mitigating circumstance

C. irrelevant in the sentencing process

D. felonious barbarism

31. Identify which of the following is NOT true about Furman v. Georgia.

A. it placed a moratorium on the death penalty

B. the death penalty was ruled unconstitutional

C. the application of the death penalty was ruled unconstitutional

D. the death penalty was ruled constitutional

32. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) 2000 defines a human trafficking victim as an individual induced to perform labor or a commercial sexual act through ______.

A. extortion, malice, or fraud

B. force, fraud, or coercion

C. favor, fraud, or fear

D. malice, intimidation, or coercion

33. The term for this crime was first introduced in 1939 and refers to a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation.

A. blue-collar

B. victimless

C. private sector

D. white-collar

34. How many states currently impose the death penalty?

A. 22

B. 32

C. 42

D. 14

35. Individuals obey the law to avoid embarrassment, criticism, and condemnation from their friends, family, and community. This is represented by which of the four reasons why people obey the law?

A. conscience

B. social influence

C. sanctions

D. self-interest

1. Individuals under the age of 18 cannot be executed.

2. White-collar crime is committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation.

3. Euthanasia is a victimless crime.

4. Gambling is a game of chance, between friends.

5. Health fraud falls under white-collar crime.

6. Prostitution is legal in Las Vegas.

7. Euthanasia is now allowed in 49 States.

8. An attack on an individual because of his or her membership to a group is referred to as genocide.

9. Most Americans view street crimes as more serious than white-collar crimes.

10. In the Atkins v. Virginia case, the U.S. Supreme Court contended that individuals under 18 cannot be executed.

11. The U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Atkins v. Virginia, contended that individuals who are mentally retarded cannot be executed.

12. In Furman v. Georgia, the U.S. Supreme court started the moratorium on the death penalty.

13. In Furman v. Georgia, the U.S. Supreme court ended the moratorium on the death penalty.

14. In Gregg v. Georgia, the U.S. Supreme court ended the moratorium on the death penalty.

15. Prostitution is a criminal offense now in only 33 states.

1. Summarize and provide examples of public opinion and the death penalty.

2. List and explain which crimes fall under the category of Victimless Crimes and why they are designated as such.

3. The TVPA combats human trafficking by prosecution, protection, and prevention. Explain how each of these “Three P’s” works to reduce human trafficking.

4. Explain and define how gambling is viewed regarding criminal law. Include some of the criteria that constitutes illegal gambling.

5. Define and explain white-collar crime. Include the origin of the term and whether this is considered a victimless crime. Explain this.