Chapter.9 Exam Prep Nervous System

Medical Language for Modern Health Care, 4e (Allan)

Chapter 9 Nervous System

1) The brain and spinal cord make up the

A) peripheral nerves

B) central nervous system

C) afferent system

D) efferent system

E) receptors

2) The term seizure means

A) an event due to excessive electrical activity in the brain

B) a state of muscle contraction

C) a state of muscle relaxation

D) simulation of smooth muscles

E) pertaining to sensation

3) The phase immediately following a seizure is known as the

A) tonic-clonic phase

B) postictal phase

C) postepilepsy phase

D) postlepsy phase

E) status epilepticus phase

4) Which of the following classification of medications refers to a pharmacologic agent capable of preventing or arresting seizure activity?

A) Psychoactive agents

B) Sedatives

C) Antiepileptics

D) Analgesics

E) Tranquilizers

5) Which of the following terms means the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain?

A) Electroencephalogram

B) Echoencephalography

C) Cranioelectrogram

D) Electroencephalography

E) Encephalogram

6) A medical specialist in disorders of the nervous system is a ________.

7) Which of the following conditions refers to a chronic brain disorder caused by paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges?

A) Epilepsy

B) Stroke

C) Transient ischemic attack

D) Tourette syndrome

E) Cerebral contusion

8) The term for a web-like network of joined nerves is a ________, and its plural form is ________.

A) nexus; nexi

B) cortex; cortices

C) sulcus; sulci

D) plexus; plexuses

E) gyrus; gyri

9) The plural form of the singular term ganglion is

A) ganglii

B) ganglions

C) ganglium

D) ganglis

E) ganglia

10) Acetylcholine, serotonin, and dopamine are examples of

A) cholinergics

B) neurotransmitters

C) analgesics

D) anesthetics

E) parasympathetic neutralizers

11) Of the following terms, which one means the body's natural pain reliever?

A) Norepinephrine

B) Endorphin

C) Adrenalin

D) Morphine

E) Acetaminophen

12) A junction between two nerve cells is called a

A) ganglion

B) dendrite

C) axon

D) synapse

E) neurilemma

13) From the following list of terms, choose the term that has a suffix which means covering.

A) Dopamine

B) Serotonin

C) Neurilemma

D) Myelin

E) Meningioma

14) A selective mechanism that protects the brain from toxins and infections is abbreviated as the

A) AST

B) BBB

C) CSF

D) DET

E) EEG

15) The root/combining form in the term astrocyte means

A) cell

B) glue

C) star

D) treelike

E) outer

16) The term cognition means the process of

A) memorization

B) learning right from wrong

C) treating disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder

D) acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, and memory

E) matching thoughts to behaviors

17) Which of the following terms means pertaining to the brain and spinal cord?

A) Cerebellar

B) Cerebromyelar

C) Meningocele

D) Spina bifida

E) Cerebrospinal

18) The adult brain weighs around three pounds. Its size and weight are proportional to body size, not intelligence. Which of the following statements best describes the anatomy of the brain?

A) The brain has no influence on intelligence.

B) The three major parts of the brain each weigh about one pound.

C) The IQ of an individual increases with the increasing size of the brain.

D) The IQ of an individual decreases with the increasing weight of the brain.

E) The IQ of an individual cannot be predicted from the size of the brain.

19) The term for a groove on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres is a ________, and its plural form is ________.

A) foramen; foramena

B) gyrus; gyri

C) sulcus; sulci

D) sulcus; sulcuses

E) gyri; gyriata

20) A short-term, small stroke with symptoms lasting less than 24 hours is abbreviated as a(n)

A) AVM

B) CVA

C) TS

D) TIA

E) LOC

21) Which of the following terms means a condition involving paralysis of one side of the body?

A) Hemiplegia

B) Hemiparesis

C) Quadriplegia

D) Paraparesis

E) Paraplegia

22) Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. It affects 10% of the population over age 65 and 50% of the population over age 85. Nerve cells in the areas of the brain associated with memory and cognition are replaced by abnormal clumps and tangles of a protein. Which of the following statements best describes this condition?

A) Neurons are not affected.

B) The disease is chronic, progressive, and irreversible.

C) The disorder is acute and related to a CVA.

D) The risk of developing the disease decreases with increasing age.

E) The disease improves learning and the retention of information.

23) Which of the following terms forms the plural by adding "s"?

A) Paresthesia

B) Cortex

C) Ganglion

D) Foramen

E) Sulci

24) Of the following terms, which one has a word element meaning cobweb or spider?

A) Pia mater

B) Arachnoid mater

C) Epidural

D) Cauda equina

E) Dura mater

25) Which term containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to a condition involving the chronic, progressive, and irreversible loss of the mind's cognitive and intellectual functions?

A) Precognition

B) Confusion

C) Unconsciousness

D) Delirium

E) Dementia

26) The cranial nerve that moves the eye is the ________ nerve.

A) auditory

B) optic

C) oculomotor

D) olfactory

E) hypoglossal

27) Of the following terms, which one means pertaining to the skull?

A) Cerebral

B) Cerebellar

C) Craneal

D) Cranial

E) Encephalar

28) The term cervical means pertaining to the

A) cheek

B) head

C) forehead

D) neck

E) shoulder

29) A thrombolytic agent, used in the treatment of ischemic stokes, is abbreviated as a(n)

A) tPA

B) APTT

C) TTT

D) PT

E) TIA

30) The dura mater is the

A) web-like middle layer of the meninges

B) hard, fibrous, outer layer of the meninges

C) space between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane

D) delicate, inner layer of the meninges

E) cerebral cortex

31) Cerebral palsy (CP) is the term used to describe motor impairment resulting from brain damage in an infant or young child, regardless of the cause or the effect on the child. It is not hereditary. In congenital CP, the cause is often unknown but can be due to brain malformations or maternal use of cocaine; CP developed at birth or in the neonatal period is usually related to an incident causing hypoxia of the brain. Which statement best describes this condition?

A) CP is inherited.

B) The cause is usually known.

C) There is a relationship between low levels of oxygen in the brain and the development of CP.

D) Decreased motor skills show up at adolescence.

E) Impairment is never present at birth but develops much later.

32) A person who is paralyzed in all four limbs has

A) quadriplegia

B) hemiplegia

C) hemiparesis

D) quadriparesis

E) paraplegia

33) The term which means slow, writhing, involuntary movements is

A) palsy

B) athetosis

C) tonic

D) ataxia

E) spastic

34) The term which means inability to coordinate muscle activity leading to jerky movements is

A) palsy

B) syncope

C) ataxia

D) spasm

E) contracture

35) Mononeuropathy is a disorder

A) With paroxysmal severe headache confined to one side of the head

B) Of one hemisphere of the brain

C) Of the central nervous system

D) Affecting many nerves

E) Affecting a single nerve

36) A disease involving the brain is called a(n)

A) craniopathy

B) encephalopathy

C) encephalotomy

D) encephalitis

E) cephalopathy

37) The C in LOC stands for

A) clonic

B) cranial

C) consciousness

D) complaint

E) competence

38) Which of the following terms has a prefix meaning short?

A) Parasympathetic

B) Synapse

C) Brachytherapy

D) Absence

E) Oligodendrocyte

39) Prions are linked to which of the following diseases?

A) NMS and STD

B) STD and PTSD

C) TBI and SBS

D) PUD and TB

E) CJD and BSE

40) Which of the following terms means the sensory experience preceding an epileptic seizure or a migraine headache?

A) Festinant

B) Aura

C) Tremor

D) Chorea

E) Syncope

41) Encephalopathy and liver damage in children, linked to aspirin use following an acute viral illness is known as

A) Huntington disease

B) Tourette syndrome

C) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

D) Reye syndrome

E) Parkinson disease

42) The medical term for fainting is ________.

43) A disease characterized by muscular rigidity, tremors, and a masklike facial expression is

A) Parkinson disease

B) Alzheimer disease

C) cerebral palsy

D) Tourette syndrome

E) Huntington chorea

44) The abbreviation for the fluid inside the ventricles which surrounds the brain and spinal cord is ________.

45) The prefix in the term trigeminal means

A) pertaining to

B) nerve

C) three

D) double, twin

E) pulley

46) The prefix in the term intervertebral means

A) within

B) between

C) pertaining to

D) vertebra

E) around

47) The epidural space is located

A) below the dura mater

B) within the dura mater

C) between the dura mater and arachnoid mater

D) above the dura mater

E) around the dura mater

48) A circumscribed dilation of an artery that can cause a stroke is a(n)

A) arteriovenous malformation

B) microangiopathy

C) aneurysm

D) embolus

E) atherosclerotic plaque

49) The root in the term endarterectomy means

A) inside

B) surgical excision

C) incision into

D) artery

E) repair

50) The root/combining form in the term microangiopathy means

A) small

B) blood vessel

C) artery

D) disease

E) vein

51) A blood clot in a cerebral artery that originates elsewhere in the body and causes a stroke is called a(n)

A) thrombus

B) aneurysm

C) embolism

D) thrombolysis

E) arteriovenous malformation

52) The medical term for a stroke is abbreviated as a(n) ________.

53) The acronym ________ can be used to remember the warning signs of a stroke.

54) A synonym for a tonic-clonic seizure is a(n)

A) petit mal seizure

B) grand mal seizure

C) absence seizure

D) febrile seizure

E) partial seizure

55) The cause of a febrile seizure is a

A) food allergy

B) temper tantrum

C) blow to the head

D) high fever

E) medication allergy

56) The definition of status epilepticus is

A) a seizure that has stopped

B) a period of drowsiness following a seizure

C) a state of persistent seizures

D) a patient with a vacant, blank look for 30 seconds following a seizure

E) a seizure involving one half of the body

57) A disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics is called

A) Tourette syndrome

B) narcolepsy

C) cataplexy

D) absence seizure

E) status epilepticus

58) Choose the correct root/combining form and its meaning in the term narcolepsy.

A) lep; tic

B) lepsy; seizure

C) narco; sleep

D) narc; pain

E) narco; stupor

59) A hereditary condition which starts with mild personality changes between the ages of 30 and 50 progressing to involuntary, jerky, irregular movements and muscle weakness with dementia in the later stages is

A) bovine spongiform encephalopathy

B) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

C) glioblastoma multiforme

D) Huntington disease

E) Tourette syndrome

60) An accumulation of excess fluid in the intra- or extracellular spaces of the brain is called

A) meningitis

B) cerebral edema

C) cranial perfusion

D) craniocentesis

E) cerebral infusion

61) An inflammation of the brain is called

A) craniitis

B) cephalitis

C) encephalitis

D) meningitis

E) neuritis

62) The term which is derived from the Greek meaning dance, and that refers to involuntary, irregular spasms of limb and facial muscles is

A) Chorea

B) Festinant

C) Aura

D) Syncope

E) Tremor

63) A bruising of tissue, including the brain is called a ________.

64) The abbreviation that describes a disorder that arises after significant trauma like a life-threatening incident, loss of a loved one, abuse, or combat in war is ________.

65) Choose the root and its meaning in the term anesthesia.

A) ia; condition

B) an; without

C) anesthes; sensation of pain

D) esthes; feeling, sensation

E) esthe; sheath

66) Which of the following terms means pertaining to within the subarachnoid or subdural space?

A) Hypothalamic

B) Epidural

C) Intrathecal

D) Intradural

E) Interdural

67) A collection of blood located outside the dura mater is called a(n)

A) intracranial hemorrhage

B) epidural hematoma

C) cerebral concussion

D) intercranial hemorrhage

E) subdural hematoma

68) A tumor originating in the arachnoid cells of the covering of the brain and spinal cord is called a(n)

A) glioblastoma multiforme

B) astrocytoma

C) oligodendroma

D) glioma

E) meningioma

69) A health care provider would notice which of the following signs in a patient with Bell palsy?

A) drooping of one eyelid

B) painful, sudden, involuntary contractions of facial muscles

C) paralysis or paresis on one side of the face

D) unequal pupil size

E) difficulty walking

70) An inflammation of the coverings of the brain and spinal cord is called

A) Horner syndrome

B) Bell palsy

C) meningomyelitis

D) meningitis

E) dura materitis

71) The suffix in the term neuralgia means

A) pain

B) nerve

C) pertaining to

D) condition of

E) sensation, feeling

72) Which of the following conditions results from demylenization of nerve fibers in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves?

A) Cerebral palsy

B) Multiple sclerosis

C) Guillain-Barré syndrome

D) Tic Douloureux

E) Horner syndrome

73) The medical term that means an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord is

A) meningitis

B) encephalitis

C) Guillain-Barré syndrome

D) encephalomyelitis

E) Tay-Sachs disease

74) The term ________ refers to a period of time when there is an increase in the severity of a disease.

75) A disease of the peripheral nerves in which the body makes antibodies against myelin, thereby disrupting nerve conduction is

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome

B) Multiple sclerosis

C) Tay-Sachs disease

D) encephalomyelitis

E) Horner syndrome

76) The medical term for abnormal sensations such as tingling, burning, and prickling is

A) analgesia

B) anesthetic

C) hyperparesthesia

D) paresthesia

E) Tic Douloureux

77) The root/combining form poli/o means

A) white matter

B) spinal cord

C) gray matter

D) paralysis

E) virus

78) The root in the term spondylosis means

A) vertebra

B) spinal cord

C) condition

D) crooked

E) squeeze

79) Choose the term which refers to a loss of motor control and sensation as a result of injury to the spinal cord.

A) amyotrophic

B) atrophy

C) paralysis

D) myelitis

E) syringomyelia

80) A synonym for Lou Gehrig disease is

A) Lyme disease

B) poliomyelitis

C) syringomyelia

D) spondylosis

E) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

81) A wasting or diminished volume of an organ or tissue is called ________.

82) Which of the following diseases is transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick?

A) Poliomyelitis

B) Syringomyelia

C) Lyme disease

D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

E) Acute transverse myelitis

83) Identify the root/combining form and its meaning in the term syringomyelia.

A) syringo; spinal cord

B) myelia; condition of the spinal cord

C) syringo; syringe

D) syringo; tube, pipe

E) myel; compress

84) Herpes zoster (shingles) is an infection of peripheral nerves arising from a re-activation of the primary childhood viral infection ________.

A) measles

B) mumps

C) rubella

D) hepatitis

E) chickenpox

85) A disease caused by the immune system producing antibodies that attack the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells, causing drooping eyelids, weak eye muscles causing double vision, difficulty talking and swallowing, and muscle weakness in the limbs is

A) Herpes Zoster

B) Lou Gehring disease

C) Botulism

D) Myasthenia gravis

E) Multiple sclerosis

86) The root in the term neurotoxin means

A) kill

B) poison

C) nerve

D) inject

E) pertaining to

87) Many congenital neurologic abnormalities can be prevented by the mother taking ________ before conception and during early pregnancy.

A) folic acid

B) vitamin B12

C) niacin

D) iron

E) vitamin D

88) A condition caused by an excessive amount of CSF causing ventricular enlargement is

A) anencephaly

B) hydrocephalus

C) microcephaly

D) spina bifida

E) fetal alcohol syndrome

89) What is the congenital condition in which the cerebral hemispheres are absent?

A) Hydrocephalus

B) Spina bifida

C) Anencephaly

D) Microcephaly

E) Meningocele

90) Which of the following diseases refers to a congenital condition in which the head is small with small cerebral hemispheres and with moderate to severe motor and mental retardation?

A) Hydrocephalus

B) Anencephaly

C) Spina bifida

D) Microcephaly

E) Meningomyelocele

91) The abbreviation given to an infant who was born to a woman who drank heavily during pregnancy, and exhibits a small head, narrow eyes, flat face and nose is ________.

92) The congenital condition in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the vertebral arch of one or more vertebrae is

A) spina bifida occulta

B) hydrocephalus

C) meningocele

D) anencephaly

E) meningomyelocele

93) A diagnostic test in which CSF is removed for laboratory testing is called a(n)

A) myelography

B) electromyogram

C) lumbar puncture

D) electroencephalography

E) cerebral angiography

94) An invasive procedure in which a radiopaque dye is injected into the blood vessels of the neck and brain to detect blood vessels that are partially or completely blocked, aneurysms, or AV malformations is a

A) cerebral angiography

B) myelography

C) electroencephalography

D) PET

E) CT

95) The abbreviation for the diagnostic test of the record of the electrical activity of the brain is a(n) ________.

96) The abbreviation for a diagnostic test which records the electrical activity in a muscle is

A) VEP

B) MRI

C) PET

D) EMG

E) EEG

97) The T in TBI stands for

A) tibia

B) tumor

C) three

D) traumatic

E) tremor

98) An abnormal communication between an artery and a vein is abbreviated as a(n)

A) CVA

B) AVM

C) TIA

D) AVD

E) IV

99) Because Jon suffered an acute seizure, the neurologist ordered a(n)

A) TURP

B) EEG

C) BBB

D) AVM

E) LP

100) The best description of a tonic-clonic seizure is

A) The entire brain is affected by the seizure.

B) The patient suddenly falls asleep after the seizure.

C) The only sign of the seizure is the patient is in a semi-comatose state.

D) That migraines often precede the seizure.

E) That it typically involves only one side of the body.

101) Sensory neurons are also known as ________ neurons.

A) efferent

B) afferent

C) autonomic

D) sympathetic

E) parasympathetic

102) Mrs. Shapiro is diagnosed with a ganglionic cyst. This means that the cyst is located in the

A) Cerebrum

B) Peripheral nervous system

C) Spinal cord

D) Central nervous system

E) Brainstem

103) Parkinson disease occurs from a lack of the neurotransmitter ________.

A) serotonin

B) norepinephrine

C) endorphin

D) acetylcholine

E) dopamine

104) You are caring for a patient who has been admitted to the hospital for a CVA located in the hypothalamus. Which of the following functions will be affected?

A) ability to interpret the written word

B) regulation of the heart rate

C) understanding of speech

D) regulation of body temperature

E) feeling and sensation

105) The reason why a patient with a stroke occurring in the right side of the brain has paralysis on the left side of the body is because

A) The sensory and motor fibers decussate in the area of the thalamus

B) The reticular formation directs the impulses to the opposite side of the body

C) There is loss of myelin in the damaged portion of the brain

D) The stroke causes a temporary paralysis in the opposite side of the body

E) The area of brain death has extended causing paralysis in the opposite side of the body

106) While golfing with her grandson, Mrs. Henderson is accidentally struck in the head, just above the ear with a golf club. She arrives to the emergency department complaining of loss of hearing and dizziness. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

A) olfactory

B) vestibulocochlear

C) accessory

D) abducens

E) trochlear

107) An adult son brings his elderly father to the emergency department. He reports that his father began slurring his speech. Within an hour of arriving to the emergency department, the patient's symptoms resolve and his speech is now clear. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?

A) TPA

B) AVM

C) CVA

D) TIA

E) CP

108) The physical therapist makes the following note in the patient's medical record: "A 20-year-old female patient with cerebral palsy was evaluated today and noted to have increased spasticity in the upper limbs."

A) The patient is unable to move her arms, and the arms have decreased muscle tone.

B) The patient's arms move about in an uncoordinated fashion.

C) The patient's arm muscles are tightly bent, and it is difficult to straighten them.

D) The patient's arms are moving in a writhing motion.

E) The patient's legs and arms are paralyzed, and have no muscle tone.

109) A 22-year old hospitalized patient suffered a seizure that lasted longer than 10 minutes. Which of the following terms would be most appropriate to use in documenting this event?

A) Status epilepticus

B) Petit mal

C) Postictal state

D) Cataplexy

E) Tonic-clonic

110) When analyzing the disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy, the term bovine means

A) pig

B) cattle

C) sponge

D) disease

E) brain

111) After the patient suffered a CVA, she was unable to brush her teeth or use utensils to eat. The physician referred her to an occupational therapist to recommend therapies to address her ________.

A) PTSD

B) CP

C) ADLs

D) TBI

E) LOC

112) Eric complains of sudden, severe shooting pain on one side of his face. Chewing or touching the affected area causes pain. What is the likely diagnosis?

A) Horner syndrome

B) Bell palsy

C) Tourette syndrome

D) Trigeminal neuralgia

E) Guillain-Barré syndrome

113) Choose the correct pronunciation of the term neuropathy.

A) New-rah-PATH-ee

B) Nyu-ROP-ah-thee

C) NU-rahp-ah-thee

D) NEW-ropah-thee

E) NYU-rah-pah-thee

114) Choose the correct pronunciation of the term meningomyelocele.

A) Men-in-GO-my-el-oh-seal

B) Meh-nin-GO-my-el-oh-seal

C) MEN-in-go-MY-el-oh-seal

D) Meh-NING-oh-MY-el-oh-seal

E) MEH-nin-go-my-el-oh-SEAL

115) Choose the correct construction of a medical term that means pain in the head.

A) cranio + dynia

B) crani+ algia

C) cephal + algia

D) ceph+ algia

E) encephalo + dynia

116) Choose the correct construction of a medical term that means surgical repair of the skull.

A) cranio + tomy

B) crani+ ectomy

C) cephalo+ tomy

D) cephalo + plasty

E) cranio + plasty