Chapter.8 Chronic Health Risk Prevention Test Bank Docx 2e

Chapter 8

Chronic Health Problems: Risk Factors, Prevention, Adjustment, and Management

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The World Health Organization describes chronic diseases as being of ________ duration and generally ________ progression
   1. long; slow
   2. long; fast
   3. short; slow
   4. short; fast

Page: 163

1. ________ is an example of a health problem that is chronic, but is not necessarily a “disease” in and of itself.
   1. Cardiovascular disease
   2. Cancer
   3. Chronic pain
   4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Page: 163

1. In Canada, the link between chronic conditions and death ________.
   1. becomes relevant only for people over 65
   2. is strong only for ethnic minorities
   3. is becoming less relevant due to the advances of health care in Canada and other developed countries
   4. is very important, with chronic conditions accounting for the vast majority of deaths

Page: 163

1. The following statement regarding the demographic of chronic conditions is not true: ________.
   1. Indigenous populations in Canada are more likely to develop heart disease than the general population
   2. Canada has a low rate of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), compared to the rest of the world
   3. Disparities, compared to the general population, in the prevalence of chronic conditions occurs among people living in rural areas
   4. The incidence of chronic health problems increases with age

Pages: 163-164

1. The following statement regarding the economic impact of chronic conditions in Canada is not true: ________.
   1. Chronic conditions can produce a loss of income to the individual affected
   2. Chronic conditions impact the national economy via loss of productivity
   3. Acute health issues have an even larger impact than chronic conditions
   4. Chronic conditions account for a larger share of direct health care costs in the United States, compared to Canada

Page: 164

1. In Canada and the US, ________ are in combination the leading causes of death.
   1. cancer and traffic accidents
   2. heart disease and infectious diseases
   3. cancer and heart disease
   4. alcohol, substance use, and smoking

Page: 165

1. The most devastating consequence of many chronic diseases is ________.
   1. physical disability
   2. psychological distress
   3. loss of life
   4. fatigue and sleep problems

Page: 165

1. ________ and chronic health problems commonly co-occur, which makes adjustment more difficult.
   1. Surgical intervention
   2. Acute injury
   3. Mental health concerns
   4. Inflammation

Page: 166

1. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) ________.
   1. is a functional disorder
   2. typically results in permanent damage to the intestines
   3. increases the risk of colon cancer or bleeding
   4. is a chronic autoimmune disease

Page: 167

1. Stress has been documented as a strong risk factor for all of the following chronic conditions except ________.
   1. cardiovascular disease
   2. multiple sclerosis (MS)
   3. inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
   4. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Page: 168

1. All of the following statements are true about both irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease except ________.
   1. both increase the risk of cancer
   2. both are chronic
   3. both can be severe, debilitating conditions
   4. both conditions involve chronic gut inflammation

Page: 167

1. Among the potentially modifiable risk factors considered in a study about prevention of severe chronic conditions by the Public Health Agency of Canada, the one that was not mentioned was ________.
   1. stress
   2. smoking
   3. heavy drinking
   4. inactivity

Page: 168

1. North American youth (aged 5–17) earned a low score about the minimum recommended amount of weekly physical activity. This situation is not expected to impact adversely ________.
   1. blood pressure values
   2. body composition
   3. blood cholesterol levels
   4. the risk of cancer

Pages: 168-169

1. Among Canadian adults (18 or older), only about 20 per cent meet the minimum weekly recommended levels of physical activity. As a consequence, we can expect an increased risk of ________.
   1. premature death
   2. stroke
   3. heart disease
   4. all of the above

Page: 169

1. Working night shifts is strongly associated with a higher risk of all of the following conditions except _________.
   1. diabetes
   2. cardiovascular issues
   3. hypertension
   4. cancer

Page: 169

1. ________ inevitably interferes with one’s regular sleeping pattern, and that impact can be so severe that the World Health Organization has classified this type of work as a possible contributor to illness.
   1. Night work
   2. Environmental work
   3. Customer service work
   4. Social work

Page: 169

1. In North America, heavy drinking is ________.
   1. on the rise
   2. declining
   3. on the rise, but only in men
   4. on the rise, but only in women

Page: 170

1. Smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death. Because this habit starts most often at young age, it has been observed that ________.
   1. when the habit is acquired early in life it is easier to quit later
   2. the younger one starts to smoke, the harder is to quit later in life
   3. when the habit is acquired early in life it is easier to quit later, but only among women
   4. only among people with low SES the younger one starts to smoke, the harder is to quit later in life

Page: 170

1. Type-A personalities are characterized by all of the following except ________.
   1. elevated neuroticism
   2. elevated conscientiousness and self-discipline
   3. high hostility
   4. chronic inflammation

Page: 171

1. In patients with chronic diseases, poor adherence to the prescribed treatment(s) can be influenced by ________.
   1. a complicated medication regime
   2. insufficient information from provider of care
   3. disease-related factors
   4. all of the above

Page: 171

1. ________ coping involves actively engaging in strategies, such as solving problems, gathering information, seeking support, and actively thinking through one’s emotional experience.
   1. Approach-oriented
   2. Avoidance-oriented
   3. Activity-oriented
   4. Achievement-oriented

Page: 176

1. The WHO defines ________ as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve, their health.
   1. immune enhancement
   2. behaviour modification
   3. illness intervention
   4. health promotion

Page: 177

1. ________ has become a particularly popular online platform for health promotion and disease management.
   1. Facebook
   2. Twitter
   3. Instagram
   4. Snapchat

Page: 178

1. ________ is a process in which a person is actively engaged in understanding and implementing the day-to-day tasks involved in managing his or her chronic health problem.
   1. Self-medicating
   2. Self-monitoring
   3. Self-management
   4. Self-measurement

Page: 179

1. Jon Kabat-Zinn originally developed mindfulness-based stress reduction (MSBR) in the early 1990s for ________.
   1. patients with chronic pain
   2. patients facing surgery
   3. end-stage cancer patients
   4. patients with an acute injury

Page: 183

Short Answer Questions

1. Briefly outline how chronic health conditions affect health care systems.

Page: 164

1. Please describe the demographic disparities in the distribution of chronic health conditions.

Pages: 163-164

1. List the consequences of chronic conditions that are common to all conditions and that, as a consequence, are frequently targeted by health psychologists.

Pages: 165-166

1. Briefly outline the main avenues through which health psychologists can intervene in chronic diseases.

Pages: 165, 167

1. List the factors affecting prevention of chronic conditions.

Page: 167

1. Briefly indicate how stress can affect prevention of chronic conditions

Pages: 167-168

1. List lifestyle-linked risk factors for chronic conditions.

Pages: 169-170

1. Briefly describe how physical inactivity can affect the risk of developing chronic health conditions.

Pages: 168-169

1. Briefly describe how sleep habits can affect the risk of developing chronic health conditions

Page: 169

1. Outline how eating habits, smoking, and alcohol can impact the risk of developing chronic health conditions.

Pages: 169-170

Essay Answer Questions

1. (a) Describe the disparities in the prevalence of several chronic health conditions, the access to treatment, and the outcomes among people belonging to in ethnic minorities, living in rural areas, and with lower education and/or income. (b) Outline strategies at various levels, including policy changes, that in your view should help mitigate these disparities.

Pages: 163-164

1. Chronic health conditions are largely an issue with elderly people, in a context of populations that are aging substantially. Outline (a) how medical services need to change to address this rapidly evolving landscape, and (b) what role you envision for health psychologists, particularly in relationship to the medical providers.

Pages: 184-186

1. Discuss how current advances in technology could, in the near future, benefit the treatment of chronic health conditions, with a particular emphasis on the role of health psychologists.

Pages: 184-186

1. Using examples, explain how psychological co-morbidity can affect adjustment to a variety of chronic health conditions.

Pages: 173-174

1. Using examples, describe how certain personality traits can affect disease adjustment, then indicate how these observations can be used to provide guidance for the therapeutic approach by the health psychologist.

Pages: 175, 180, 183-184