Chapter 7 Exam Prep The Juvenile Justice System

Chapter 7: The Juvenile Justice System

Test Bank

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 01

1. Throughout history, juveniles have received special attention and protection.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 02

2. ____________ was a refusal to enforce the law and sanctions against children.

a. Nullification

b. Abatement

c. Swaddling

d. Expungement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 03

3. The concept of childhood began to emerge in the

a. 14th–15th centuries.

b. 16th–17th centuries.

c. 18th century.

d. Dark ages.

e. none of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 04

4. The beginnings of the juvenile justice system are found in policy changes directed at dealing with

a. emerging gangs.

b. overcrowded jails.

c. poverty.

d. education.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 05

5. The first house of refuge was established in

a. Boston in 1807.

b. Philadelphia in 1845.

c. New York in 1825.

d. Chicago in 1899.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 06

6. Reformatories followed a basic prison design holding large numbers of youths.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 07

7. Reformatories differed from houses of refuge in all but which of the following ways?

a. They handled only youths.

b. They followed a cottage format.

c. They did not emphasize religion.

d. They took a family orientation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 08

8. The first juvenile court was established

a. in 1891 New York.

b. in 1901 Philadelphia.

c. in 1899 Chicago.

d. in 1905 Boston.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 09

9. The new juvenile court had jurisdiction over only youths aged 15 and younger who had committed a criminal offense.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 10

10. ____________ outlined the appropriate response with juveniles to nurture, protect, and train the youths so that they could make decisions and avoid problems.

a. Mens rea

b. Actus reus

c. Parens patriae

d. Corpus delicti

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 11

11. The basis for parens patriae and the juvenile court can be seen in the

a. English Magistrate’s Court.

b. English Bow Street Court.

c. English Chancery Court.

d. French Pubescent Court.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 12

12. Ex parte Crouse (1838) ruled

a. against parens patriae and in favor of parental rights.

b. in favor of parens patriae and the state’s right to intervene.

c. due process is not necessary in juvenile proceedings.

d. parens patriae is unconstitutional.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 13

13. The Supreme Court case in which Justice Fortas said “there may be grounds for concern that the child receives the worst of both worlds: that he gets neither the protections accorded to adults nor the solicitous care and regenerative treatment postulated for children” was

a. Ex parte Crouse.

b. Kent v. US.

c. In re Gault.

d. Commonwealth v. Fisher.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 14

14. The maximum age for a juvenile is age eighteen.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 15

15. Standard Juvenile Court Act clauses focus on the needs of all parties involved, including the youth and the victims.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 16

16. Provisions whereby the juvenile system can retain jurisdiction over an individual who was adjudicated in the system but has since passed the age of majority are called status offender statutes.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 17

17. _______________ is a process whereby someone who is legally a juvenile is determined to be beyond the help of the juvenile justice system and sent to the adult criminal court process to handle the youth and protect society.

a. Waiver

b. Youthful offender rules

c. Binding over

d. Once/always provisions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 18

18. Youths comprise between ______ of all arrested individuals.

a. 5 and 15%

b. 25 and 35%

c. 40 and 50%

d. 50 and 70%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 19

19. Self-report measures of delinquency, such as the Short-Nye scale, are criticized for

a. addressing minority crime.

b. measuring only status offenses.

c. addressing male offending over female offending.

d. focusing on minor offenses.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 20

20. A good example of a self-report survey that includes serious offenses is

a. Dentler-Monroe.

b. NIBRS.

c. National Youth Survey.

d. NORC Survey.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 21

21. The ____________ decision considers whether the juvenile will appear at a later date, whether he is a threat to others, and whether he is in danger himself.

a. bail

b. arraignment

c. disposition

d. detention

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 22

22. Nonsecure detention includes all but which of the following?

a. Group homes

b. Release on recognizance

c. Foster care

d. Halfway houses

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 23

23. Under a token economy, youths only receive a token punishment for their transgressions.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 24

24. ___________ means that the youths will be required to participate in something short of a court procedure.

a. Diversion

b. Informal adjustment

c. Pretrial adjudication

d. Shock probation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 25

25. The ____________ is the juvenile system’s counterpart to filing charges or a grand jury indictment in the adult system.

a. intake decision

b. bail decision

c. arraignment hearing

d. adjudication hearing

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 26

26. Teen courts rely on youths to act as judges, attorneys, and jury members and can only sentence offenders to probation.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 27

27. Legislative waiver means that the state legislature has determined that certain offenses or circumstances warrant invoking the adult criminal process and mandates that the case be heard in the adult court.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 28

28. Reverse waiver, where the adult court can return a waived youth to the juvenile system for processing, has been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 29

29. The ____________ is the equivalent to a sentence in an adult court.

a. commitment

b. disposition

c. adjudication

d. detention

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 30

30. Plea bargaining is the norm in the majority of juvenile court cases.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 31

31. Under blended sentencing, the court imposes dispositions that rely on both ___________ and ____________

a. fines and imprisonment

b. electronic monitoring and house arrest

c. juvenile system and adult system

d. probation and corporal punishment

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 32

32. In McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, the Supreme Court ruled that there is no need for a jury trial to ensure fairness.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 – Question 33

33. ____________ ruled that youths have the right to review evidence, have counsel, and have a hearing before being waived to adult court.

a. In re Gault

b. McKeiver v Pennsylvania

c. Kent v U.S.

d. In re Winship

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 34

34. The case In re Winship ruled that youths who may be sentenced to confinement must be held to the __________________ standard.

a. preponderance of evidence

b. clear and convincing evidence

c. proof beyond a reasonable doubt

d. M’Naughton

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 35

35. ___________ are the juvenile justice system’s equivalent to adult prisons.

a. Reformatories

b. Houses of refuge

c. State training schools

d. Detention

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 36

36. Behavior modification is used ostensibly to teach youths about proper behavior through a system that rewards positive behavior and punishes poor behavior.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 37

37. _____________ are short-term programs that are supposed to handle first-time, non-violent offenders and are operated on a military model, with strict rules and discipline, physical training and conditioning, and counseling and education.

a. Wilderness experience

b. Boot camps

c. Day–evening institutions

d. Restorative camps

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 38

38. Boot camps are also known as

a. shock incarceration.

b. scared straight.

c. diversion.

d. intermediate sanction.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 39

39. The underlying idea to wilderness experience is to build self-esteem and show the youths that hard work and perseverance pay off.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 40

40. A major component of the 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act was to

a. ensure imprisonment for felony offenders.

b. remove status offenders from any form of secure confinement.

c. promote restitution for all property offenses.

d. provide attorneys for all youths in court.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 41

41. Parole in the juvenile system is called

a. diversion.

b. deinstitutionalization.

c. aftercare.

d. reentry.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 42

42. The ________________ claims that society responds to group transgressions more than to individual violations.

a. group hazard hypothesis

b. GREAT problem

c. gang hypothesis

d. enhancement problem

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 43

43. Which of the following is NOT a common element of gang definitions?

a. Criminal activity

b. Written rules and regulations

c. A hierarchy or leadership structure

d. Common name or symbol.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 44

44. ________________ sought to deter behavior by taking a zero-tolerance response with regard to any transgressions by any member of a gang.

a. GREAT

b. Aggression replacement

c. Pulling levers

d. ACT

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 45

45. ______________________ place gang workers into the community and free them from heavy paperwork and administrative responsibilities.

a. GREAT

b. Detached worker programs

c. ART

d. Social work

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 46

46. The Boston Gun Project relied on an approach known as

a. pulling levers.

b. zero tolerance.

c. interagency cooperation.

d. hot spot policing.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 47

47. _________________ includes family members, close friends, and other support groups of the victims and offenders in the restorative conferences.

a. Family group conference

b. Circle sentencing

c. Victim offender mediation

d. GREAT

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 48

48. ____________ can be used to control or eliminate locations gang members frequent or own.

a. VOM

b. Civil abatement procedures

c. Detached worker programs

d. Pulling levers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 49

49. The legal status of the death penalty for youthful offenders was overturned in the case

a. Roper, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center v. Simmons.

b. Stanford v KY.

c. Breed v Jones.

d. In re Winship.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 50

50. List the key terms used in the juvenile court along with their adult court equivalents.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 51

51. List the important cases in the development of parens patriae and briefly tell about each.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 52

52. Identify the different ways to define delinquency.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 53

53. Define and describe the actions of teen and drug courts.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 54

54. List and define at least 4 forms of waiver.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 55

55. List the 4 major Supreme Court cases for juvenile justice and provide the primary decision in each.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 56

56. Discuss family group conferencing.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 - Question 57

57. What is meant by a “criminalized juvenile court”? Explain what this would look like.