Chapter 4 Creativity, Innovation, And Invention Exam Prep

Chapter 4: Creativity, Innovation, and Invention

= Correct answer

Multiple Choice/Fill in the Blank

1. According to the text, fostering creativity and innovation ________.

A. will add essential tools to your entrepreneurial toolkit

B. is impossible for most people

C. only produces marginal benefits for most entrepreneurs

D. helps large businesses but not small startups

Difficulty: Easy

1. The experience of being an entrepreneur can be fun, exciting, and refreshing, as long as you do which of the following?

A. have adequate funding

B. keep your creative spirit alive and in constant motion

C. find compatible partners

D. hire an experienced attorney to secure your intellectual property

Difficulty: Moderate

1. The ideation practice which comes from Stanford’s Design School has the objective to ________.

A. find the best idea(s) to commercialize

B. generate the one best idea and start to develop it

C. generate as many ideas as possible and start to develop some of them

D. practice designing ideas which other companies will not know about

Difficulty: Easy

1. The human ability to feel what other humans are feeling, which in the context of creativity, innovation, and invention is essential to beginning a process of human-centric design, is called ________.

A. empathy

B. feelings

C. humanity

D. sympathy

Difficulty: Easy

1. In order for human-centric design to work, ________ must be based on honest, rational, and emotional observation.

A. brainstorming

B. defining the problem

C. empathy

D. testing

Difficulty: Easy

1. According to the text, designing for other people means building a ________.

A. good product that people want

B. prototype, which is the fourth step

C. test, which is the fifth step

D. viable solution

Difficulty: Easy

1. Brainstorming creatively means going beyond ________.

A. ideation to find a viable product

B. the basic prototype originally designed

C. journaling your best thoughts

D. the common basic whiteboard scribbling

Difficulty: Moderate

1. To delve more deeply into ideation as a practice, the text introduced the Six Thinking Hats method, where the White Hat ________.

A. brings raw emotion to the mix and offers sensibilities without having to justify them

B. acts as information gatherer by conducting research and bringing quantitative analysis to the discussion

C. thinks creatively, introduces change, and provokes other members when needed

D. brings the “logical positive” of optimism to the group; encourages solving small and large problems

Difficulty: Easy

1. Using the Six Thinking Hats and being able to embody one mode of thinking ________.

A. frees you from considering other aspects of a problem that can limit creativity when you are looking for a solution

B. frees you from considering other aspects of a problem that can enhance creativity when you are looking for a solution

C. can limit you from considering other aspects of a problem that may lead you to the wrong solution

D. limits creativity and is rarely recommended except for the most experienced entrepreneurs

Difficulty: Moderate

1. The Six Thinking Hats exercise is not always easy to implement. If members cannot follow the rules, ________.

A. the process breaks down

B. the process works best

C. the process better enhances creativity

D. the process encourages thinking outside the box

Difficulty: Easy

1. For entrepreneurs, the simplest method of framing a problem in the form of a question ________.

A. can be misleading

B. can be too simplistic

C. can be eye opening

D. can create consumer pain points

Difficulty: Easy

1. Searching for and finding solutions outside of the organizational structure is known as ________ innovation.

A. high speed

B. open

C. optimistic

D. searching

Difficulty: Moderate

1. In addition to the examples provided in the text, the innovation by Apple that now would fit into the category called a “smartphone” is a good example of ________.

A. classical research

B. disruptive technology

C. instantaneous communication

D. open innovation

Difficulty: Moderate

1. Which of the following is a method that focuses the design and development decisions of a product on the needs of the customer, typically involving an empathy-driven process?

A. creativity

B. design thinking

C. innovation

D. invention

Difficulty: Easy

1. What kind of thinking involves a logical, step-by-step process?

A. brainstorm

B. creative

C. lateral

D. linear

Difficulty: Easy

1. Creative thinking is more often ________ thinking, free and open thinking in which established patterns of logical thought are purposefully ignored or even challenged.

A. brainstorm

B. creative

C. lateral

D. linear

Difficulty: Easy

1. Which two categories of Peter Drucker’s seven sources of innovation would likely correlate to the Chinese firm Huawei releasing a lower-cost, lower performance smartphone to compete with the Apple iPhone?

A. changes in perceptions and new knowledge

B. changes in perceptions and the incongruity

C. the incongruity and the unexpected

D. process need and demographics

Difficulty: Difficult

1. According to Everett Rogers, who are the consumers who are willing to take a risk on a new product and want to try it first?

A. early adopters

B. innovators

C. laggards

D. late majority

Difficulty: Easy

1. According to Everett Rogers, who are the consumers who are often not willing to readily adopt change and are the hardest to convince to try a new invention?

A. early adopters

B. innovators

C. laggards

D. late majority

Difficulty: Easy

1. The ________ stage of creativity involves investigating a chosen field of interest, opening your mind, and becoming immersed in materials, mindset, and meaning.

A. elaboration

B. incubation

C. insight

D. preparation

Difficulty: Easy

1. Activities such as traveling to new places or working on a favorite hobby would most closely align with the ________ stage of creativity.

A. elaboration

B. incubation

C. insight

D. preparation

Difficulty: Difficult

1. Creating disruption in your industry would most closely align with the ________ level on the pyramid of innovative problem-solving.

A. continuous improvement

B. future of enterprise

C. prevention

D. problem solving

Difficulty: Difficult

1. According to the DICEE model suggested by Guy Kawasaki, total user experience would most closely connect to the ________ quality of innovation.

A. complete

B. deep

C. elegant

D. indulgent

Difficulty: Easy

1. Customer relationship management tools such as Salesforce or Act would most likely fit into the ________ step of Sourcify’s model of invention.

A. conduct market research

B. develop a prototype

C. educate yourself

D. stay organized

Difficulty: Difficult

True/False

1. True or false? Every innovation rises to the level of a unique invention.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. True or false? Complexity is key to design thinking.

Difficulty: Easy

1. True or false? Every pioneering innovation creates a distinctly new product or capability for consumers and clients.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. True or false? The process of invention is not difficult to codify because typically all inventions or inventors follow the same path.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. True or false? According to Everett Rogers, the majority adopters will adopt products after being accepted by the majority.

Difficulty: Easy

1. True or false? According to the text, even with practice, not everyone can improve in their creative efforts.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. True or false? The notion of the inventor’s single stroke of genius is mostly myth.

Difficulty: Easy

1. True or false? Competing companies, particularly in foreign markets, actively scout Kickstarter and similar platforms for new ideas that they can manufacture and bring to market before your crowdfunding project has run its course.

Difficulty: Easy

1. True or false? Developing a prototype is always the most tedious part of inventing.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. True or false? Having a patent agent write an application instead of a patent attorney may help to protect your invention against future legal challenges.

Difficulty: Difficult

1. True or false? Perfecting his printing process took decades, but eventually Gutenberg became exceedingly rich.

Difficulty: Easy

1. True or false? In the influential business publication Forbes, entrepreneur Larry Myler noted that problem solving is inherently proactive.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. True or false? One of the key requirements for entrepreneurial success is your ability to develop and offer something unique to the marketplace. 

Difficulty: Easy

1. True or false? Innovation describes a truly novel product, service, or process that, though based on ideas and products that have come before, represents a leap. It is a creation truly novel and different.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. True or false? According to Elon Musk’s six-step decision-making process, if nobody can invalidate your conclusion, then you’re certainly right about it.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. True or false? According to the text, the main reason the videophone didn’t start to take hold in the marketplace until the early 2000s was because of the cost.

Difficulty: Difficult

1. True or false? The objective of Stanford’s Design School ideation practice is to generate as many ideas as possible and then start to develop some of those ideas.

Difficulty: Easy

1. True or false? Defining the problem must be based on honest and rational observation that avoids emotions for human-centric design to work.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. True or false? For the Six Thinking Hats exercise to work best, the Black Hat maintains control and keeps the practice moving quickly.

Difficulty: Easy

1. True or false? Regardless of the stakeholders, the questions, “How might we keep rivers clean?” and “How might we prevent animal waste runoff from entering our city’s waterways?” would have essentially the same implications.

Difficulty: Difficult

Short Answer

1. How do the three stages from Design Kit—Inspiration, Ideation, and Implementation—correlate with the ideation practice from Stanford’s Design School described earlier?

Difficulty: Moderate

1. What might be some of the advantages to using the Six Thinking Hats method in a group? Could there be any disadvantages to an exercise like this one?

Difficulty: Easy

1. What is open innovation, and what are the benefits and risks of using it?

Difficulty: Moderate

1. Provide some examples of disruptive technology and the company attributed with it.

Difficulty: Easy

1. In the text, the founders of Airbnb are described as using a design thinking approach when the founders traveled to the properties with a rented camera to take some new photographs. Although weekly revenue was said to have doubled from this approach, it was also identified as “unsustainable” in the long run. Why do you think this approach would not be sustainable?

Difficulty: Difficult

1. Compare and contrast the uses of linear and lateral thinking.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. According to management thinker and author Peter Drucker, the key point about innovation is that it is a response to both changes within markets and changes from outside markets. Review Drucker’s seven sources of innovation in Table 4.3 and then link at least three of the seven to either a response within, a response from changes outside markets, or possibly to both.

The unexpected: Since this one is said to be looking for new opportunities in the market; unexpected product performance; unexpected new products as examples, this would be both.

The incongruity: Since this one concerns discrepancies between what you think should be and what is reality, it could also be both.

Demographic: Since this one relates to understanding needs and wants of target markets, it would line up with response only from outside markets.

Process need: Since this one is concerned with weakness in the organization, product, or service, it would be a response to within.

Changes in perceptions: Since this one deals with changes in perceptions of life events and values, it would be both.

New knowledge: Since this one relates to new technologies, advancements in thinking, and new research, it would be both.

Changes in industry/market: Since this one is concerned with new regulations and new technologies, it would be both.

Difficulty: Difficult

1. Apply the terms incremental innovation and pioneering innovation to the development of smartphones by Apple, Samsung, and other smartphone creators.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. Is a pioneering innovation an invention as well? Why or why not?

Difficulty: Easy

1. List some of the components that make an invention go beyond an innovation.

Difficulty: Easy

1. Briefly compare Elon Musk’s six-step decision-making process to the scientific method.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. What are the steps of the Rogers Adoption Curve, in order?

Difficulty: Easy

1. Think about the last time you upgraded or purchased some item of technology, such as a smartphone, laptop, tablet, etc. What stage would you estimate you were in the Rogers Adoption Curve, and why?

For iPhone users, for example, if they jump at the latest iteration every time, perhaps every six months to a year, then they probably would describe themselves as innovators, but if they wait a little longer, maybe upgrading every year or so, then they are likely early adopters. Early majority probably would upgrade every two years or whenever their plan allows it without penalty, and late majority might keep their phone until it breaks and can’t be repaired. Laggards would still not have a smartphone at all.

Difficulty: Moderate

1. Why do inventors put many of their resources into an invention during the innovation and early adoption stages of the Rogers Adoption Curve? How does this connect, or not, to the challenge entrepreneurs may face “crossing the chasm” as it is called in Roger’s model?

Difficulty: Easy

1. One theory about incubation is that it takes language out of the thought process. What would be an advantage of this?

Difficulty: Easy

1. Using the DICEE framework, provide an example of a “deep” innovative organization making and marketing either a product or service.

Difficulty: Moderate

This file is copyright 2020, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.