Chapter 3 Measuring Diet Verified Test Bank

Chapter 03

Multiple Choice

1. The ability of an instrument of actually measure what it is intended to measure is known as ________.

A. validity

B. precision

C. reproducibility

D. CV

2. Which of the following approaches to measuring dietary intake would be best suited for evaluating past food and beverage intake?

A. Food frequency questionnaire

B. 3-day food record

C. 7-day food record

D. 14-day food record

3. Which of the following approaches to measuring diet is used by Willett and coworkers at Harvard University in such studies as the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study?

A. 24-hour recall

B. Diet history

C. Food frequency questionnaire

D. Food record

4. The ASA24 is ________.

A. a self-administered screener for assessing sodium intake in the past 24 hours

B. a computer-assisted, five-step, multiple-pass 24-hour recall system

C. an internet-based automated, self-administered 24-hour dietary recall

D. an internet-based food frequency questionnaire with a list of 24 food groups

5. Which of the approaches to measuring diet has the advantage of being both self-administered and machine readable?

A. 24-hour recall

B. Food frequency questionnaire

C. Food record

6. Which of the following best explains why a single 24-hour recall is unsuitable for characterizing usual dietary intake?

A. Subjects may withhold information about what they eat due to embarrassment.

B. Subjects may forget what they ate.

C. Food and nutrient intake varies so much from day-to-day.

D. Subjects often change their usual diet in order to simplify the act of recording.

7. The Diet History Questionnaire is an example of a ________.

A. 24-hour recall

B. diet history

C. food frequency questionnaire

D. food record

8. Which of the following bypasses use of food composition data to arrive at an estimate of nutrient consumption?

A. Duplicate food collections

B. Food balance sheets

C. Food frequency questionnaires

D. Telephone interviews

9. The ability of an instrument to produce the same estimate on two or more occasions, assuming that nothing has changed in the interim is known as ________.

A. accuracy

B. reliability

C. validity

D. CV

10. Studies comparing reported energy intake with more objective measures of energy intake indicate that ________.

A. most subjects report their energy intake with reasonable accuracy

B. most subjects under report their energy intake

C. most subjects over report their energy intake

D. None of the choices are correct.

11. If a subject's reported usual energy intake is < 1.2 times his or her calculated resting energy expenditure, it is likely that the subject has ________.

A. under reported energy intake

B. over reported energy intake

C. reported energy intake with reasonable accuracy

D. None of the choices are correct.

12. A food eaten but not reported in a 24-hour recall is known as a ________.

A. shortfall food

B. missing food

C. phantom food

D. apparition food

13. A low score on the MEDFICTS questionnaire most likely indicates that ________.

A. the respondent's diet is consistent with "heart-healthy diet"

B. the respondent does not have a "heart-healthy diet"

C. the respondent is at increased risk of coronary heart disease

D. the respondent is at increased risk of cancer

14. Which one of the following is the preferred method of measuring sodium consumption?

A. Weighed food record

B. Food frequency questionnaire

C. Measuring sodium in a 24-hour urine sample

D. 24-hour recall

15. Which of the following best describes the MEDFICTS questionnaire?

A. 24-hour recall

B. Diet history

C. Food diary or food record

D. Food frequency questionnaire

16. Which one of the following is a limitation of the 24-hour recall?

A. Does not alter the usual diet

B. Low respondent burden

C. Relies on memory

D. Individuals tend to over report intake of foods that they consume at high levels

17. A limitation of the ________ method is that nutrient intake data can be compromised when multiple foods are grouped within single listings.

A. 24-hour recall

B. duplicate food collection method

C. food diary or food record

D. food frequency questionnaire

18. What is considered the method of choice for research on diet-disease relationship in large cohorts?

A. 24-hour recall

B. Duplicate food collection method

C. Food diary or food record

D. Food frequency questionnaire

True/False

19. One of the limitations of the food record is that it relies on the memory of food eaten in the past.

20. The measurement of urinary nitrogen excretion to verify protein intake in dietary surveys is an example of a biologic marker.

21. The advantage of using doubly labeled water to measure energy expenditure is that it is ideally suited for use in free-living subjects.

22. In some types of nutritional research, simply ranking subjects in categories of high, medium, or low nutrient intake is sufficient for arriving at conclusions about the role of diet in health and disease.

23. A food that is reported to have been eaten in a 24-hour recall but that is not really eaten is known as a phantom food.

24. A food record would be a suitable approach for measuring the diet of an illiterate subject.

25. A food frequency questionnaire that does not ask the respondent to provide any information about the portion sizes of foods and beverages consumed is referred to as a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.

26. A potential limitation of the food record or food diary is that subjects may simplify their diet in order to make the process or recording their diet easier.

27. Research has shown that administering a 24-hour recall using a telephone interview is not a recommended approach for collecting dietary intake data.

Fill-in-the-Blank

28. Three-dimensional food models and two-dimensional images are sometimes used by researchers to help subjects correctly estimate _________ sizes.

29. A __________ is a person providing information about a subject’s behavior (e.g., dietary practices) when the subject is unable to provide the necessary information.

30. In a case-control study investigating how past exposure to some dietary factor of interest relates to current disease risk, a dietary measurement method that is __________ in nature would need to be used.

31. Day-to-day change in what an individual eats or drinks is referred to as __________ variability.

32. A food frequency questionnaire designed to assess intake of a single nutrient or a limited number of food components is known as a __________.

33. The Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study are two examples of prospective __________ studies.

34. The ability of an instrument to actually measure what it is intended to measure is known as __________.

35. The amount of linoleic acid in a subject’s adipose tissue is a useful __________ for determining dietary intake of linoleic acid in the diet.

36. The ability of an instrument to produce the same estimate on two or more occasions, assuming that nothing has changed in the interim is known as __________.