Chapter 17 The Contemporary Period Test Bank Docx

Chapter 17: The Contemporary Period

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 01

1) Appiah’s central idea developed out of a concern for __________.

a. differences between cultures

b. symmetry of cultures in a technology-driven world

c. the collision of cultures in a shrinking world

d. political differences

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 02

2) Appiah’s view is criticized as endorsing __________.

a. cultural relativism

b. dogmatism

c. fanaticism

d. consequentialism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 03

3) __________ defends cosmopolitanism.

a. Derrida

b. Appiah

c. Nussbaum

d. Chalmers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 04

4) Cosmopolitanism is the idea that we have significant moral duties to __________.

a. our friends and family only

b. members of our local community only

c. all persons everywhere

d. members of our national community only

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 05

5) Nussbaum’s argument for tolerance rests on the __________ principle.

a. tolerance

b. equity

c. equal-respect

d. obligation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 06

6) Nussbaum’s proposed approach combines all but __________ as an ingredient.

a. “a systematic cultivation of the ʻinner eyes,’ the imaginative capacity that makes it possible for us to see how the world looks from the point of view of a person different in religion or ethnicity”

b. “rigorous critical thinking that ferrets out and criticizes inconsistencies”

c. “political principles expressing equal respect for all citizens”

d. “a specific religious view that underpins one’s approach to dialogue”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 07

7) Nussbaum advocates “an approach inspired by ethical philosophy in the spirit of” __________.

a. King

b. Socrates

c. Epictetus

d. Sartre

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 08

8) The landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that desegregated public schools was __________.

a. Thompson v. the President of the United State

b. Brown v. Board of Education

c. Thompson v. Board of Education

d. Brown v. the President of the United States

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 09

9) King thinks __________ is the middle road between militant violence and nonviolent action.

a. respectful disagreement

b. capitulation

c. nonviolent resistance

d. submission

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 10

10) According to King, nonviolent resistance was made famous by __________.

a. Saint Augustine

b. Socrates

c. Saint Aquinas

d. Gandhi

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 11

11) King agrees with __________ that an unjust law is no law at all.

a. Saint Augustine

b. Socrates

c. Saint Aquinas

d. Gandhi

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 12

12) According to King, an unjust law is a manmade code that __________.

a. has not been democratically established

b. is out of harmony with moral law

c. violates a social contract

d. most people disapprove of

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 13

13) According to Blum, __________ lie at the heart of racism.

a. discrimination and prejudice

b. inferiorization and antipathy

c. ignorance and bigotry

d. hatred and violence

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 14

14) Words like racist and racism undergo __________ when they are overused and misapplied.

a. a loss of meaning

b. conceptual conflation

c. conceptual erosion

d. conceptual inflation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 15

15) According to Blum, __________ racism consists in racist acts, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior on the part of individuals.

a. personal

b. social

c. institutional

d. popular

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 16

16) According to Blum, __________ racism comprises racist beliefs, attitudes, and stereotypes widely shared within a given population and expressed through religion, entertainment, advertisements, and other media.

a. personal

b. social

c. institutional

d. popular

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 17

17) According to Blum, __________ racism refers to inferiorizing or antipathy perpetuated by things like schools, corporations, hospitals, or the criminal justice system.

a. personal

b. social

c. institutional

d. popular

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 18

18) According to Chalmers, we can say that a being is conscious if __________.

a. it has cognitive states

b. it responds to environmental stimuli

c. there is something it is like to be that being

d. it can process information

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 19

19) The “hard problem” of consciousness is the problem of __________.

a. providing an adequate definition of consciousness

b. explaining why we have conscious experience at all

c. explaining how the brain processes environmental stimuli

d. explaining how immaterial mental phenomena are possible

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 20

20) According to Chalmers, the “easy” problems of consciousness include explaining __________.

a. why mental processes are accompanied by an experienced inner life

b. why we have conscious experience at all

c. how the brain processes environmental stimuli

d. how immaterial mental phenomena are possible

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 21

21) Chalmers’s argument against reductionist accounts of consciousness is based on the possibility of __________.

a. robots

b. zombies

c. automata

d. ghosts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 22

22) According to Chalmers, if zombies are metaphysically possible, then __________.

a. consciousness must be physical in nature

b. we are zombies

c. consciousness is an illusion

d. consciousness cannot be physical in nature

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 23

23) According to Gardiner, the global environmental tragedy is most centrally a(n) __________ failure.

a. political

b. ethical

c. scientific

d. technical

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 24

24) The three storms Gardiner describes are all obstacles to our ability to __________.

a. make responsible political decisions

b. make scientific progress

c. behave ethically

d. make technical advances

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 25

25) The first two storms Gardiner describes both involve serious __________.

a. asymmetries of power

b. abuse of natural resources

c. scientific difficulties

d. cases of political corruption

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 26

26) Unlike the first two storms Gardiner describes, the third storm is__________ in nature.

a. practical

b. political

c. technological

d. theoretical

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 27

27) Derrida is credited with developing the philosophical method known as __________.

a. functionalism

b. language-games

c. deconstruction

d. phenomenology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 28

28) According to Derrida, __________ is the preoccupation with truth, logic, and rationality that characterizes the Western tradition.

a. religion

b. sociology

c. logocentrism

d. psychology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 29

29) According to Derrida, meaning is __________.

a. fixed

b. not fixed

c. subjective

d. objective

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 30

30) A large part of Cixous’s work is devoted to examining the philosophical and psychological implications of the act of __________.

a. speaking

b. thinking

c. writing

d. gesturing

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 31

31) Appiah argues that some values are objective and universal.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 32

32) Appiah defends the ethical idea known as cosmopolitanism.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 33

33) Nussbaum bases her notion of tolerance on the view that human beings have equal dignity.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 34

34) According to Blum, terms like racist and racism are often overused and misapplied.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 35

35) Given the conceptual inflation of the words racist and racism, Blum concludes that the amount of racism and inequality in society is less than most people think.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 36

36) According to Blum, actions can be condemned as racist only insofar as they contribute to a system of unjust racial advantage.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 37

37) According to King, “A just law is a manmade code that squares with” existing legal practice.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 38

38) King argues that segregation is unjust because, among other things, “it distorts the soul and damages the personality.”

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 39

39) King does not think nonviolence is a last resort when violence does not work.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 40

40) King adapts Buddha’s theory and method of nonviolent resistance.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 41

41) In the excerpt from his A Testament of Hope, King argues that nonviolent action is the only legitimate form of civil disobedience.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 42

42) King was an advocate of militant action in the struggle for civil rights in the United States.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 43

43) King argues that nonviolent resistance is morally superior to violence.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 44

44) According to Chalmers, materialism is false.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 45

45) Chalmers characterizes consciousness as the subjective quality of experience.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 46

46) According to Chalmers, zombies are logically possible but metaphysically impossible.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 47

47) According to Gardiner, the global environmental tragedy is most centrally a political failure.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 48

48) According to Gardiner, the relevant facts regarding climate change are not yet known.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 49

49) Gardiner claims that we lack robust theories in areas like intergenerational ethics and international justice to guide our response to climate change.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Question 50

50) Derrida developed the picture theory of meaning.

a. True

b. False