Chapter 16 Beyond Our Solar System – Test Bank | 8th

View Product website:

https://selldocx.com/docx/chapter-16-beyond-our-solar-system-test-bank-8th-1211

Foundations of Earth Science, 8e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)

Chapter 16 Beyond Our Solar System

16.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Cosmology is the study of ________.

A) our solar system

B) stars

C) the universe

D) making people more beautiful

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.1 The Universe

Focus/Concepts: 16.1

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

2) A light-year is ________.

A) a long time

B) the distance light travels in one (Earth) year

C) a kind of super-dense star near the end of its life-cycle

D) the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation between ultraviolet and infrared

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.1 The Universe

Focus/Concepts: 16.1

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

3) According to the big bang theory, the first two elements to form in the universe were ________.

A) gluons and quarks

B) hydrogen and iron

C) hydrogen and helium

D) oxygen and carbon

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.1 The Universe

Focus/Concepts: 16.1

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

4) To establish that the universe was very, very large, Edwin Hubble used ________.

A) Cepheid variables

B) degenerate matter

C) cosmological red shifts

D) dark energy

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.1 The Universe

Focus/Concepts: 16.1

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

5) The apparent brightness of a star if it were viewed from a distance of 10 parsecs (32.6 light- years) is called ________.

A) supernova

B) degenerate matter

C) variable stars

D) absolute magnitude

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.1 The Universe

Focus/Concepts: 16.1

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

6) Our Sun is current in the ________ stage of solar evolution.

A) variable

B) giant

C) main sequence star

D) planetary nebulae

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

7) Nebulae are strands or clumps of ________.

A) space

B) interstellar matter

C) degenerate matter

D) energy

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

8) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which of the following represents the dimmest star?

A) main sequence stars

B) white dwarfs

C) red giants

D) supergiants

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

9) Our solar system resides in the ________.

A) Andromeda Galaxy

B) Milky Way galaxy

C) Crab Nebula

D) Betelgeus galaxy

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.1 The Universe

Focus/Concepts: 16.1

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

10) A system of galaxies that contains from several to thousands of member galaxies is called ________.

A) globular clusters

B) galaxies

C) nebulae

D) galactic clusters

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.5 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters

Focus/Concepts: 16.5

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

11) A star having the same mass of Earth's Sun is likely to first evolve into a ________ before becoming a ________.

A) white dwarf; red giant

B) red giant; protostar

C) red giant; white dwarf

D) black hole; neutron star

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

12) The Milky Way galaxy is an example of a(n) ________ galaxy.

A) spiral

B) irregular

C) elliptical

D) dwarf

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.5 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters

Focus/Concepts: 16.5

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

13) Supernova explosions occur in ________ stars.

A) low-mass

B) high-mass

C) intermediate-mass

D) black hole

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

14) The nuclear reaction that occurs when protostars collapse is called ________.

A) nuclear fusion

B) nuclear fission

C) supernova explosions

D) red shift

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

15) ________ are objects from which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull at its surface. They are produced during supernova events.

A) Neutron stars

B) Black holes

C) Black dwarves

D) White dwarves

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

16) Rapidly rotating neutron stars ________.

A) produce radio waves at their magnetic poles, causing them to be perceived (from Earth's perspective) as pulsars

B) are more dense than black holes

C) have a central barred region

D) cannot be detected directly, but we can observe their gravitational effects on other physical objects

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

17) Why are neutron stars called "neutron stars"?

A) They are new versions of old stars; "Neu Tron" means "New Star" in Hungarian.

B) They are so dense that protons and electrons fuse to form neutrons.

C) They appear to emit short pulses of radio waves.

D) They are composed of neutrons gathered from the surrounding nebula by the terrific gravity of the neutron star. Electrons and protons, being less massive, aren't as likely to be pulled in.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

18) A ________ is the remnant core of a medium-mass star that gravitationally collapses due to a lack of fuel.

A) black dwarf

B) red giant

C) black hole

D) white dwarf

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

19) Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding from us at a speed that is proportional to ________.

A) their distance

B) their mass

C) their luminosity (absolute magnitude)

D) their age

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

20) A ________ is a collapsing cloud of gas and dust that will eventually become a star.

A) black hole

B) main sequence star

C) protostar

D) supernova explosion

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

21) When a star is so dense that its atoms have their electrons smashed in toward the nucleus (resulting in densities about a million times greater than water), the resulting material is called ________.

A) dark matter

B) degenerate matter

C) dark energy

D) neutrons

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

22) ________ is/are a kind of matter that doesn't interact with visible light, but exerts a gravitational pull on other matter. It is hypothesized to exist in great quantities in the universe.

A) Dark matter

B) Dark energy

C) Degenerate matter

D) Neutrons

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

23) A star's ________ can be determined from its color.

A) age

B) surface temperature

C) density

D) composition

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

24) Observations of the red shift of most galaxies led to the idea of an expanding universe, also known as ________ theory.

A) big bang

B) red shift

C) dark matter

D) variable star

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

25) The fate of the universe (i.e., whether it expands forever or eventually collapses back on itself) is determined by its ________.

A) composition

B) temperature

C) density

D) age

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

26) Very large red stars, such as Betelgeuse in the constellation Orion, are called ________.

A) main sequence stars

B) white dwarfs

C) red giants

D) supergiants

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

27) ________ are red giants that overshoots equilibrium and then alternately expands and contracts.

A) Black holes

B) Main sequence star

C) Variable stars

D) Protostars

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

28) If a star ends its life cycle as a black hole, that implies it has a ________ mass.

A) blue-shifted

B) red-shifted

C) small

D) large

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

29) A ________ results when the outward-directed gas pressure (created by thermal nuclear energy) is balanced in a stable relationship with inward-directed gravitational force.

A) black hole

B) main sequence star

C) degenerate matter

D) supernova explosion

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

30) Blue or white main sequence stars only occur in the ________ stage of development.

A) low-mass star

B) high-mass star

C) intermediate-mass star

D) supernova

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

31) If the universe is sufficiently dense, gravity will someday pull it all back together in an event called ________, sort of like the big bang in reverse.

A) the gravitational stretch

B) the drift theory

C) the giant impact

D) the big crunch

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

32) Though they are called ________, these objects are not really empty space but very, very dense objects, so dense that their gravity pulls nearby material irresistibly in toward them, even light. Some of this material is altered on its way in to this death spiral — and it gives off X-rays in two jets.

A) dark matter

B) degenerate matter

C) dark energy

D) black holes

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

33) The Crab Nebula is a planetary nebula that formed due to a ________ in the year 1054 A.D., an event recorded by Chinese astronomers.

A) black hole

B) red shift event

C) galaxy collision

D) supernova

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

34) It is believed our solar system formed approximately ________ years ago.

A) 300 million

B) 13.8 billion

C) 4.6 billion

D) 9 billion

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.1 The Universe

Focus/Concepts: 16.1

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

35) Which of the following stars is most similar in size to Earth?

A) main sequence star

B) white dwarf

C) red giant

D) supergiant

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

36) Approximately ________ percent of all stars are ________.

A) 90; main sequence stars

B) 80; supergiants

C) 70; red giants

D) 65; white dwarfs

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

37) ________ is/are a variable radio source of small size that emits radio pulses in very regular periods.

A) Dark matter

B) Degenerate matter

C) Black holes

D) Pulsars

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

38) If you were to observe a steady stream of X-rays emitted from a central void in space, you would most likely be observing a ________.

A) red giant

B) white dwarf

C) black hole

D) pulsar

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

39) Which of the following is a galaxy classification?

A) irregular

B) regular

C) elongated

D) spherical

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.5 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters

Focus/Concepts: 16.5

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

40) Our own galactic cluster, called the Local Group, consists of more than ________.

A) 50 galaxies

B) 40 galaxies

C) 35 galaxies

D) 20 galaxies

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.5 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters

Focus/Concepts: 16.5

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

41) When a source of light is moving away from an observer, the spectral lines shift toward the red end of the spectrum. This phenomenon is called ________.

A) the Doppler Effect

B) Hubble's Law

C) Hertzsprung-Russell Effect

D) Cosmology

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

42) ________ is the hypothetical form of energy that produces a force that opposes gravity and is thought to be responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe.

A) Degenerate matter

B) Pulsar

C) White energy

D) Dark energy

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

43) The ________ is an example of an irregular galaxy.

A) Andromeda galaxy

B) Large Magellanic Cloud

C) Milky Way galaxy

D) Oort Cloud

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.5 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters

Focus/Concepts: 16.5

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

44) Approximately ________ percent of the universe consists of dark matter; additionally, dark matter also works to ________ the expansion of the universe as a whole.

A) 25; slow

B) 50; speed up

C) 75; slow

D) 33; speed up

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

45) The first galaxies and stars are believed to have formed ________ years ago.

A) 300 million

B) 13.8 billion

C) 4.6 billion

D) 9 billion

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.1 The Universe

Focus/Concepts: 16.1

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

46) During the red giant stage, thermonuclear reactions occur that may produce elements on the periodic table. Which of the following is the largest element that may form?

A) nickel

B) cobalt

C) magnesium

D) iron

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

16.2 Matching Questions

Match the following stars with their correct classification. You will use some choices more than once.

A) supergiant

B) red dwarf

C) giant

D) white dwarf

E) main sequence star

1) Betelgeus

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

2) Rigel

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

3) Polaris

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

4) Spica

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

5) Sirius

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

6) Sun

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

7) Proxima Centauri

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

8) Sirius B

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

Answers: 1) A 2) C 3) C 4) E 5) E 6) E 7) D 8) B

Match the following items with their correct descriptions.

A) stage where increased atomic motion produces an outward gas pressure balanced by an inward-directed force of gravity

B) helium-rich core is produced when all of a star's hydrogen-rich interior is consumed

C) stellar remnant even smaller and more massive than a white dwarf; typically eight times as massive as the Sun

D) object roughly the size of Earth; comprised of degenerate matter

E) shell of incandescent gas expanding from a star

F) final state of evolution of a star in which all its energy sources are exhausted and no longer emits radiation

G) stage where stars expand and contract but never reach equilibrium

H) collapsed cloud of gas and dust, contraction causes motion that emit long-wavelength red light

I) birthplace of stars, interstellar clumps of matter rich in gas and dust

9) nebula

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

10) protostar stage

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

11) main-sequence stage

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

12) giant stage

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

13) variable stage

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

14) planetary nebula stage

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

15) white dwarf

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

16) black dwarf

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

17) black hole

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

Answers: 9) I 10) H 11) A 12) B 13) G 14) E 15) D 16) F 17) C

16.3 Essay Questions

1) Briefly discuss stellar evolution in the context of a star like the Sun. What forces are opposing one another throughout the life of a star and how do they influence the various stages in the life cycle of a star?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 16.4 Stellar Remnants

Focus/Concepts: 16.4

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

2) How do we calculate or determine the distances to stars? What units do we use the distances between stars and/or galaxies?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 16.1 The Universe

Focus/Concepts: 16.1

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

3) Compare and contrast a high-density universe with a low-density universe in terms of its ultimate fate.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

4) A star is observed through a telescope, and a measurement of the star's spectrum is made. The left side of the star appears to be bluer than the center of the star, but the right side appears to be redder. What's going on here? Interpret these observations as fully as possible.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

5) At the center of the Milky Way galaxy, a supermassive black hole is thought to exist. Similar supermassive black holes are thought to exist at the center of spiral galaxies throughout the universe. The stars that originally formed these black holes must have been extraordinarily large. Why would stars potentially have been much larger earlier in the history of the universe?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

6) Two galaxies are located at some distance from Earth. The first, Galaxy A, is located 50 million light-years from Earth. The second, Galaxy B, is located 150 million light-years from Earth. How should the red shift of Galaxy A compare to Galaxy B? Explain.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

16.4 Visual

1) This image is a "map" of the universe's microwave background radiation. It shows 13.77 billion year old temperature fluctuations from shortly after the big bang (shown as color differences) that correspond to the gravitational "seeds" that grew to become the galaxies. Why is this heterogeneity important?

NASA image

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

2) Examine this photo of the Milky Way taken from Earth shortly after sunset. If you were there when this photo was taken, and a friend asked you to explain what you're seeing here, what features would you point out to them? What explanations would you give?

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 16.6 The Big Bang Theory

Focus/Concepts: 16.6

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

3) Examine the figure. Which of the four lettered locations is closest to the position of Earth's Sun on this graph?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

4) Examine the figure. Which of the four lettered locations is closest to the position of a supergiant star?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 16.2 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)

Focus/Concepts: 16.2

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

5) Which of the following four figures shows the correct set of arrows, corresponding to the evolution of a mid-sized star like Earth's Sun?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

6) Examine the figure. Which of the four options shown here most closely matches the evolution of a high-mass star?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.

7) Examine the figure. This photograph represents the remnants of which of the following objects?

A) a supernova

B) a red giant

C) a protostar or nebula

D) a barred spiral galaxy

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 16.3 Stellar Evolution

Focus/Concepts: 16.3

ESLI: 2.5 Studying other objects in the solar system helps us learn Earth's history.