Chapter 15 Health Disparities Pathways Verified Test Bank

CHAPTER 15: Health and Healthcare Disparities: Where Do WE Go From Here?

1. According to Chapter 15, health and health care disparities: (Level 1)

a. Have been included as subject matter for health care professionals for many, many decades

b. Are less than five decades old

c. Are dependent upon the collection and analysis of data

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. a, b, and c

g. None of the above

2. Based upon the whole of the text: (Level 2)

a. Health and healthcare disparities cannot be examined without statistical evidence.

b. While it is critical to continue to uncover disparities in health care and health outcomes, it is extremely important to learn more about disparities reduction in terms of win/win solutions,

c. Both a and b

d. None of the above

3. According to Chapter 15, which statement or statement listed below is/are true: (Level 2)

a. The primary agency at the federal level for the study of health and healthcare disparities is the Department of Justice.

b. The Centers of Excellence were funded to address disparities by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service.

c. Because of Tribalism and sub-tribalism, all health and healthcare disparity interventions are launched by the federal government.

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. a, b and c are correct

g. None of the above are correct

4. The frameworks used oftentimes direct the type of research and the nature of the interventions used to analyze, evaluate and create solutions to health and healthcare disparities. When you analyze what you have read in Chapters 1-15, which framework is applied in this text? (Level 1)

a. The “cultural competency framework”

b. The “advancing humankind framework”

c. Both of the above

d. Neither of the above

5. If you were speaking at a health professionals’ conference and the thesis of your paper was that the “Cultural competency framework is a very limited framework for addressing health and/or health care disparities,” which of the researchers’ work listed below would you cite? (Level 2)

a. Renzaho, Romios, Crock and Sønderland (20123)

b. Truong, Paradies, and Priest (2014)

c. Both of the above

d. Neither of the above

6. The “Ontological Reconfiguration Framework” would lead one to conclude that: (Level 2)

a. Federal, state, and local governments should pass more laws, policies, and regulations that assess severe penalties on health care organizations and/or workers who allow implicit and explicit bias and/or healthcare stereotypical threats in health care workplaces.

b. More cultural competency training is needed in health care professionals training.

c. Both a and b

d. Neither a nor b

7. The concept of ontological reconfiguration and ontological transformation are: (Level 2)

a. Synonyms

b. Antonyms

c. Both a and b

d. Neither a nor b

8. Michie, Van Stralen, and West (2011) introduced the concept of: (Level 1)

a. Ontological reconfiguration

b. Ontological transformation

c. The behavior change wheel

d. Neither of the above

e. All of the above

9. According to the authors cited in Chapter 15: (Level 1)

a. Human behavior is singularly determined via their gene pool and is, as a result, virtually impossible to change.

b. Human behavior is singularly determined via their own set of choices and is, as a result, fairly easy to change.

c. Both a and b

d. Neither a nor b

10. According to Chapter 15: (Level 1)

a. Science argues that the existence is the product of the interaction between our physical bodies and an inner force which scientists call “consciousness”.

b. The concept of consciousness is not a part of the physical or natural sciences.

c. Both of the above

d. Neither of the above

11. Throughout the text, we have addressed the Disparities Chain. According to Chapter 15, the Disparities Chain is fixed and constant. (Level 1)

12. According to Chapter 15, the concept of reengineering the Disparities Chain involves:

a. Social engineering

b. Informed choices vs. choices by default

c. Active and informed choices

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. a, b, and c

g. Neither a, b, nor c

13. According to Chapter 15, which statement or statements below is/are true. (Level 2)

a. Decisions by default are never used in any area of clinical care.

b. Public health professionals have now shifted from a more dominant style of generating behavioral change to a more subtle one through alternative forms of “nudging” individuals to change.

c. Some public health researchers have argued that behavior change is more effective through nudging than through legislated change.

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. a, b, and c

g. Neither a, b, nor c

14. It can be argued that the development of consumer information sites such as Nursing Home Compare, Hospital Compare and others are designed to promote: (Level 1)

a. Passive choices

b. Active choices

c. Nudging

d. Decisions by default

15. The thesis in this chapter is that: (Level 1)

a. Informed choice is critical to reengineering the Health Disparities Chain.

b. Mandated choice is more effective in reengineering the Health Disparities Chain,

c. Both a and b

d. Neither a nor b

16. Chapter 15 argues that in order to reengineer the Health Disparities Chain: (Level 1)

a. An absolute commitment to informed choice behavior is required.

b. The informed choices must be based solely upon health care research.

c. There is no role for government intervention if informed choice is the framework used.

d. Few Americans have sufficient power to plan a role in reengineering the Health Disparities Chain.

17. Every single person in the U.S. can play a role in reengineering the Health Disparities Chain. (Level 1)

18. The authors argue that in order to assemble the knowledge needed to reengineer the Health Disparities Chain: (Level 1)

a. Every individual must make informed choices.

b. Each individual must adopt self-learning as a way of life.

c. That which we read is theory or fact, we must process it into knowledge.

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All of the above

g. None of the above

19. According to Chapter 15, the Health Disparities Chain is: (Level 2)

a. Intergenerationally transferred for not more than one generation.

b. Intergenerationally transferred for at least three generations or more.

c. So powerful and impactful that children’s perception of their intellectual and academic possibilities are shaped.

d. A phenomenon that cannot be reengineered.

e. a and b

f. b and c

g. a, b, and c

h. None of the above

20. Based upon this text, one step to reengineering the Health Disparities Chain includes: (Level 1)

a. Educating the public regarding research that confirms the existence of the Health Disparities Chain.

b. Urging persons who are contemplating parenthood to have a plan to support the breaking of the Health Disparities Chain.

c. a and b

d. None of the above

21. As one analyzes immigration, one may conclude that the primary purpose of families who decide to immigrate is: (Level 2)

a. Reengineering the disparities chain for themselves or their families.

b. One may conclude that a conscious effort to build “family capital” is being used to help reengineer the Health Disparities Chain.

c. Both a and b

d. None of the above

22. The Health Disparities Chain cannot be reengineered without exercising informed choice regarding diminishing and/or eliminating conditions that create and support adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, intentionality regarding family initiation can reengineer the disparity chain. (Level 1)

23. An argument can be made that research on the Health Disparities Chain needs to: (Level 3)

a. Be introduced to persons of child-bearing age as early as possible.

b. Be combined with knowledge of how to generate income and wealth.

c. Be combined with knowledge of how neighborhood noise, poor sanitation, and crime, can affect children.

d. Include findings on other factors that affect physical health.

e. a and b

f. b and c

g. c and d

h. All of the above

i. None of the above

24. The familial structure in which the intentional childbearing and child rearing occurs can do very little to reengineer the Health Disparities Chain. (Level 1)

25. Researchers and other health care professionals and researchers from other fields must work collectively to break the disparities chain.