Chapter 14 Divorce And Relationship Dissolution Test Bank

1. Between percent of first marriages are likely to end in divorce. a. 5 to 10 b. 20 to 25

c. 40 to 50 d. 75 to 85

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. The crude divorce rate is
   1. the number of divorces per 1,000 population.
   2. the number of divorces per 1,000 married women over age 18.
   3. the number of divorces per year.
   4. the ratio of current marriages to current divorces.

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. Between 1960 and a peak in 1979, the refined divorce rate
   1. declined. b. stayed the same.

c. increased slightly. d. more than doubled.

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Divorces occur relatively early in marriage. The median length of a first marriage that ends in divorce is about

_________ years.

• 1. 2 b. 4

c. 6 d. 8

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. In which of the following race/ethnic categories are children least likely to be living in two-parent families?
   1. Asian b. Native American

c. African American d. Hispanic

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Most observers (though not all) conclude that the divorce rate .
   1. is still on the rise
   2. has stabilized for the time being
   3. is beginning to decline
   4. has declined drastically in the last few years

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. A consequence of remarriage, which have higher divorce rates than first marriages, is an emerging trend of
   1. redivorce. b. legal separation.

c. serial monogamy. d. overall divorce decline.

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Income loss has been found to the likelihood of divorce.
   1. decrease b. have no effect on

c. lessen d. increase

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. The text observes that although it may not affect marital quality, employment might nevertheless contribute to a divorce by giving an unhappily married woman the economic power, the increased independence, and the self- confidence to help her decide on divorce. This set of circumstances illustrates what is called the effect.
   1. income b. divorce

c. independence d. dependence

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. There are social, moral, and legal constraints on divorce than in the past.
   1. far fewer b. slightly fewer

c. slightly more d. far more

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. Today, the rural–urban distinction in divorce has
   1. completely disappeared. b. become significantly more pronounced, with the divorce rate higher in rural areas than in urban areas.
2. become significantly more pronounced, with the divorce rate higher in urban areas than in rural areas.
3. become impossible to measure.

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. have more negative attitudes toward divorce.
   1. Hispanics
   2. African-Americans
   3. Asian-Americans
   4. Native Americans

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. Marriage was originally a social institution directed toward the practical purposes of economic support and responsible child rearing. Today, marriage tends to be viewed as a
   1. flexible agreement.
   2. contract.
   3. nadir of involvement.
   4. happy, emotionally supportive relationship.

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: application

1. divorce laws, which exist in all fifty states, have eliminated legal concepts of guilt and are a symbolic representation of how our society now views divorce.
   1. Mutual b. No-fault

c. Equal party d. No-custody

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. There are a variety of demographic and behavioral factors that are related to divorce rates. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
   1. Young children tend to destabilize marriage.
   2. Remarried mates are more likely to divorce.
   3. Race and ethnicity are differentially associated with the chances of divorcing.
   4. Premarital pregnancy and childbearing increase the risk of divorce in a subsequent marriage.

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. According to the most systematic investigation, marital complaints made by both men and women are usually about
   1. not enough sex.
   2. not enough money.
   3. deficiencies in the emotional quality of the marriage.
   4. infidelity.

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Which of the following options requires spouses to prove fault or live apart for a certain length of time in order to obtain a divorce?
   1. serial monogamy b. covenant marriage

c. divorce mediation d. premarital counseling

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. In order to obtain a divorce when a couple has a covenant marriage, fault must be proven. Which of the following is

NOT one of the examples given by the text as “fault,” or justification for divorce?

• 1. adultery b. physical or sexual abuse

c. imprisonment for a felony d. lack of domestic skills

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Under “fault” divorce statutes, which of the following grounds was the most easily proven?
   1. adultery b. alienation of affection

c. mental cruelty d. non-support

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Sociologist Andrew Cherlin suggests that the U.S.’s high divorce rates may be in part a reflection of a broad sense

of unique to American culture.

• 1. "resentment" b. “restlessness”

c. "dissatisfaction" d. "loveless"

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. The text points out that children, fear of losing the child, religion, and a lack of financial resources are sometimes perceived by spouses as divorce.
   1. barriers to b. preludes to

c. concomitants of d. consequences of

REFERENCES: Thinking about Divorce: Weighing the Alternatives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. When a group of researchers cited in the text examined the relationship between actual divorces and perceived barriers to divorce, they found that only three of the nine barriers studied were associated with a lower likelihood of divorce. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
   1. when wife’s income was a smaller percentage of the family income
   2. when church attendance was high
   3. when there was a new child
   4. when the parties involved realize that something must be done

REFERENCES: Thinking about Divorce: Weighing the Alternatives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. When studying couples on the verge of divorcing, it has been found that for those who remained married, two-

thirds described themselves as “ ” five years later.

• 1. very unhappy b. still on the verge of divorce

c. struggling at times d. very happy

REFERENCES: Thinking about Divorce: Weighing the Alternatives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. In nearly percent of married couple families in the United States the main householder reported that the

couple was “separated”.

• 1. 5
  2. 10
  3. 15
  4. 20

REFERENCES: Thinking about Divorce: Weighing the Alternatives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Improvements in unhappy marriages come about for various reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons cited in the text?
   1. the passage of time (children got older, job or other problems improved)
   2. hormonal changes (helped with moods and fighting)
   3. partners’ efforts to work on problems, make changes, and communicate better
   4. individual partners made personal changes (travel, work, hobbies, etc.)

REFERENCES: Thinking about Divorce: Weighing the Alternatives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. Jack and Judy have worked out a divorce settlement through an alternative, non-adversarial means of dispute resolution, and with the assistance of a
   1. lawyer. b. mediator.

c. judge. d. jury panel.

REFERENCES: Getting the Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: application

1. Because mothers retain custody in the preponderance of divorce cases, and because women are economically disadvantaged in employment, fathers are the most likely to
   1. suffer economically. b. experience frustration.

c. pay child support. d. be granted an entitlement.

REFERENCES: The Economic Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the Child Support Amendments to the Social Security Act, the Family Support Act, and other governmental child support provisions?
   1. encouraged the establishment of paternity and consequent child support awards
   2. required states to develop numerical guidelines for determining child support awards from which judges would find it difficult to depart
   3. required periodic review of child support award levels
   4. required ex-spouses to pay child support that reflects at least 50 percent of their tax-adjusted income

REFERENCES: The Economic Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Charlene is a single mother with low income. She receives a government grant based on the number of children she

has. Charlene’s situation reflects

• 1. guaranteed child support.
  2. a children’s allowance.
  3. child welfare.
  4. Aid to Families With Dependent Children.

REFERENCES: The Economic Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: application

1. Hetherington maintains that percent of those who obtain a divorce have a “good enough” post­

divorce adjustment. a. 10 b. 20

c. 30 d. 70

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. A divorce might evoke feelings of , at least at first.
   1. sexual confusion b. legal prowess

c. elation d. psychic ability

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. About percent of children born to married parents will experience marital disruption. a. 20 b. 40

c. 60 d. 80

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: application

1. Children in high-conflict marriages
   1. fall into a deep denial of the situation. b. often request their parents divorce.

c. seem to benefit from a divorce. d. always suffer from a divorce.

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: application

1. The research of and her colleagues has been very influential in defining the situation of children of divorce for both professionals and the public.
   1. Judith Wallerstein b. Alfie Kohn

c. Emile Durkheim d. Barbara Risman

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: application

1. Research based on a national representative sample of more than 10,000 U.S. teens found that the negative effects of divorce and living with a single mother were less serious for black and Hispanic adolescents than they were for

______.

• 1. Asian-Americans b. Native Americans

c. Pacific Islanders d. whites

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: application

1. One study cited in the text looked at the general character of postdivorce extended-kin relationships. This investigation found that, in half the cases, the kinship system included of divorce and of remarriage.
   1. relatives b. a typology

c. stations d. ingredients

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. The perspective holds that conflict between parents is responsible for the lowered well-being of children of divorce.
   1. life stress b. economic hardship

c. interparental conflict d. parental adjustment

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Most research presents a consistent picture of post-divorce for women.
   1. economic decline b. occupational opportunity

c. career enhancement d. economic improvement

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: application

1. The perspective assumes that a family with both parents living in the same household is the optimal

environment for children’s development.

• 1. rehabilitative alimony b. child support

c. parental loss d. parental compensation

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Marie lives in Paris, France, and is the custodial parent of her 2-year-old son. Even if her ex-husband fails to pay his court-ordered child support, the government sends Marie the full amount of support awarded to her son. This procedure is referred to in the text as
   1. government-based child support allowance.
   2. a children’s allowance.
   3. guaranteed child support.
   4. cost-sharing child support.

REFERENCES: The Economic Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: application

1. Custodial fathers receive about percent of the child support amounts that custodial mothers receive. a. 96 b. 82

c. 74 d. 67

REFERENCES: The Economic Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: application

1. More than of all divorces involve children under eighteen, and about 40 percent of children born to married parents will experience marital disruption.
   1. one-quarter b. one-third

c. half d. two-thirds

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. While studying children’s postdivorce adjustment, psychologist Judith Wallerstein was surprised at their later educational downward mobility. percent of the study children were likely to receive less education than their fathers.

a. 60 b. 50

c. 40 d. 30

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Wallerstein and her colleagues followed their sample of children of divorce for ten years. In terms of the impact of divorce on these children ten years later and after, the overall impression left by their research is one of
   1. regret. b. anger.

c. sorrow. d. loss.

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Wallerstein found that of the children in her study had experienced a second divorce of one or both parents.
   1. one-quarter b. one-third

c. half d. more than half

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. In Amato’s typology, the perspective assumes that, just as divorce is known to be an emotionally

challenging life event for adults, it must also be so for children.

• 1. interparental conflict b. life stress

c. parental adjustment d. economic hardship

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. In Amato’s typology, the perspective stresses the quality of parenting in terms of children’s

adjustment to divorce.

• 1. economic hardship b. parental loss

c. interparental conflict d. parental adjustment

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. In Amato’s typology, the perspective holds that conflict between parents prior to, during, and after

the divorce is responsible for the lowered well-being of children of divorce.

• 1. interparental conflict b. parental adjustment

c. economic hardship d. life stress

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. In Amato’s typology, the perspective holds that financial difficulties brought about by marital

dissolution is primarily responsible for the problems faced by children of divorce.

• 1. interparental conflict b. parental adjustment

c. economic hardship d. life stress

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. In looking at outcomes for divorced parents, Hetherington found that percent of children were

“coping reasonably well.”

a. 75-80 b. 50-60

c. 30-50 d. 10-25

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Children of divorce also are more likely to have been meaning they were forced to take on adult responsibilities before they were developmentally mature enough to handle them.
   1. "custody stunted"
   2. "custodialized"
   3. "adult rushed"
   4. “parentified”

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. In the United States, as part of a patriarchal system of law, divorced fathers were automatically given custody of their children until the century.
   1. early eighteenth b. mid-eighteenth

c. early-nineteenth d. mid-nineteenth

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Emerging developmental theories of childhood well-being provided support to a presumption that when divorce occurs, mother custody was always in the child’s best interest. This point of view came to be known as the so­ called “ ” doctrine.
   1. best interests of the child b. primary caretaker

c. tender years d. lonely hearts

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. There are more than noncustodial mothers, concentrated in the twenty-five to forty-five age range and lower- to middle-class economic level.
   1. two million b. one million c. 500,000 d. 100,000

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. custody refers to who has the right to make decisions with respect to a child’s upbringing.
   1. Physical
   2. Power
   3. Legal
   4. Joint

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. As part of a patriarchal legal system, fathers were until the mid-nineteenth century.
   1. automatically denied custody b. automatically given custody

c. forced into joint custody arrangements d. not granted legal divorce

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Today, mothers receive sole physical custody of their children about percent of the time. a. 20 b. 40

c. 60 d. 80

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. In the custody variation in joint custody agreements, both parents have the right to participate in important decisions and retain a symbolically important legal authority, with physical custody (that is, residential care of the child) going to just one parent.
   1. modified egalitarian b. joint legal

c. joint legal and physical d. semi-combined

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. Over the past decade, there has been a in fathers who have joint physical custody.
   1. slight increase
   2. dramatic increase
   3. dramatic decrease
   4. slight decrease

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Split custody, in which each parent has physical custody of at least one child, remains uncommon and only occurs in about percent of divorce cases.
   1. 2 to 4 b. 6 to 8 c. 10 to 12 d. 14 to 16

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Studies have found in well-being between children living with only their fathers (apart from their mothers) versus only with their mothers.
   1. significant differences b. few or no differences

c. a moderate amount of differences d. none of the above

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. On average, in comparison with their counterparts from stable households, adult children of divorced parents
   1. acquire more education.
   2. marry later in life.
   3. are less likely to cohabit.
   4. have weaker ties to their divorced parents.

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. About of children with a nonresident father have no contact with him.
   1. a tenth
   2. a quarter
   3. a third
   4. a half

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Generally, evidence suggests that adult children of divorced parents feel less obligation to their parents. Social scientists have posited four reasons for these findings. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
   1. Children reared in divorced, single-parent families may have received fewer resources from their custodial parent than did their friends in intact families.
   2. Adult children of divorce are more likely to suffer from mental disorders.
   3. The reciprocal obligations may be less clear.
   4. Strain may weaken subsequent relations between adult children and their parents.

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. According to the most recent data available, there are approximately noncustodial mothers in the United States.

a. 50,000 b. 500,000

c. one million d. two million

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. is a “team” approach to raising children after divorce.
   1. Co-parenting b. Family Wizardry

c. Tag-teaming d. Parent rotation

REFERENCES: Styles of Parental Relationships After Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.05 - Describe the rules for successful co-parenting.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. The Binuclear Family Study was led by sociologist
   1. Sharon Houseknecht. b. David Popenoe.

c. Constance Ahrons. d. Talcott Parsons.

REFERENCES: Styles of Parental Relationships After Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.05 - Describe the rules for successful co-parenting.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the types of post-divorce relationships identified by Ahrons?
   1. “Perfect Pals” b. “Bitter Pills”

c. “Fiery Foes” d. “Angry Associates”

REFERENCES: Styles of Parental Relationships After Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.05 - Describe the rules for successful co-parenting.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. In Ahrons’ post­divorce relationship typology, “ ” were friends who called each other often and

brought their common children and new family ties together on holidays or for outings or other activities.

• 1. cooperative colleagues b. angry associates

c. perfect pals d. fiery foes

REFERENCES: Styles of Parental Relationships After Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.05 - Describe the rules for successful co-parenting.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. The good divorce does not end a family but instead produces a —two households, one family.
   1. second option b. split home

c. double home front d. binuclear family

REFERENCES: Styles of Parental Relationships After Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.05 - Describe the rules for successful co-parenting.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. The frequency of divorce increased throughout most of the twentieth century.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. The crude divorce rate is the number of divorces per 1,000 married women over age fifteen.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. Most observers conclude that, for the time being, the divorce rate continues to rise dramatically.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. The high divorce rate implies that Americans are “giving up” on marriage.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. Home ownership elevates the risk of divorce.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: application

1. Many observers attribute our society’s high divorce rate to the fact that Americans' expectations for marriage are

too high these days.

• 1. True
  2. False

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. According to the text, it appears that no-fault divorce laws have themselves led to more divorce.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. Race and ethnicity are differentially associated with the chances of divorcing.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. The marital complaint most frequently mentioned by both men and women involves the lack of satisfying sex.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: application

1. Long marriages are more likely to end in divorce because marital happiness declines over time.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. Sociologist Constance Ahrons argues that there is no such thing as a “good divorce.”
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Getting the Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. About 60 percent of custodial parents reported receiving some form of noncash support for their children.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: The Economic Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. More than half of all divorces involve children under eighteen.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. The life stress perspective assumes that divorce is a single event, rather than a process of associated events.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

KEYWORDS: concept

1. To date, most research and discussion on visiting parents has been about mothers.
   1. True
   2. False

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

KEYWORDS: fact

1. The divorce rate refers to the number of divorces per 1,000 married women over age 15.

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

1. The large disparity in divorce rates between those with and without a college degree is known as the .

REFERENCES: Today’s Divorce Rate

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.01 - Describe historical and current trends in divorce and relationship dissolution.

1. The effect refers to a situation where employment contributes to the divorce of an unhappily married woman by offering her the economic power and the self-confidence to help her decide on marital dissolution.

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

1. is an alternative, non-adversarial means of dispute resolution by which a couple, with the assistance of a third party, negotiate the terms of the divorce settlement.

REFERENCES: Getting the Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

1. refers to ruptures of relationships and changes in social networks that come about as a result of divorce.

REFERENCES: Getting the Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.

1. Upon divorce, a couple undergoes a(n) divorce in which they become independent parties with regard to property, income, control of expenditures, responsibility for taxes, debts, and so forth.

REFERENCES: The Economic Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

1. involves money paid by a non-custodial to a custodial parent to support the children of a separated marital, cohabiting, or sexual relationship.

REFERENCES: The Economic Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

1. refers to the frequency and rate of changes in family related experiences and outcomes.

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

1. Parents who parent alongside each other but with minimal contact or communication or conflict are called .

REFERENCES: Styles of Parental Relationships After Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.05 - Describe the rules for successful co-parenting.

1. List four specific ways in which economics is related to marital stability.

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

1. The text poses the question, “Is making divorce harder to get a realistic idea?” Summarize the text’s position in

reference to this question.

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

1. Some critics have alleged that the high divorce rate indicates Americans have “given up” on marriage. Based on the text’s discussion, present an argument that refutes this statement.

REFERENCES: Why Did the Divorce Rate Rise Throughout the Twentieth Century?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.02 - Identify economic, sociocultural, legal, and demographic factors associated with divorce and relationship dissolution.

1. What is the relationship between divorce and income? Be brief, specific, and complete in your answer.

REFERENCES: The Economic Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

1. Briefly but completely explain how “his” divorce is different from “her” divorce.

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

1. Based on research findings cited in the text, discuss the impact of parental divorce on adult children.

REFERENCES: The Social and Emotional Consequences of Divorce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.03 - Contrast the economic, social, and emotional consequences of divorce for women, men, and children.

1. What is joint physical custody and how well or poorly does it work out, according to research?

REFERENCES: Child Custody Issues

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: MFaR.LAMA.15.14.04 - Discuss the process by which couples decide to divorce and decide on custody arrangements for their children.