Chapter 12 Test Bank Docx Inequality, Racism, Environment

Chapter 12: Health Inequalities, Environmental Racism, and Environmental Justice

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 01

1) In one generation between 1940 and 1999, more than _________African Americans died prematurely relative to Whites.

a. 2 million

b. 3 million

c. 4 million

d. 5 million

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 02

2) The highest COVID-19 death rate in Michigan is in zip code 48325, which is ______ African American and has a high poverty rate?

a. 97%

b. 87%

c. 77%

d. 67%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 03

3) One study in Baltimore found that neighborhoods with a high percentage of African Americans are more likely to have __________ than White communities:

a. CBD shops.

b. pharmacies.

c. liquor stores.

d. natural remedy stores.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 04

4) Over ______ of babies born to Black women with a college degree had low birth weight, as compared to 8% of babies born to White women without __________.

a. 25%; a college degree

b. 20%; a high school degree

c. 15%; a college degree.

d. 10%; a high school degree

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 05

5) Dr. Whitney Pirtle argues that _______ _________ is a fundamental cause of COVID-19 because it fundamentally influences how the disease spreads and reproduces itself.

a. racist policies

b. racial capitalism

c. racial discrimination

d. systemic racism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 06

6) The highest COVID-19 death rate in Michigan is in zip code 48325, which is _______ African American and has a high poverty rate.

a. 67%

b. 77%

c. 87%

d. 97%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 07

7) Which of the following is NOT a reason that racial residential segregation is the primary cause of Black/White health disparities?

a. It affects the educational opportunities of children.

b. It is the preferred place to live for African Americans.

c. It concentrates poverty and resources.

d. It forces many African Americans to live in environments that are unhealthy on a variety of levels.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 08

8) David Williams and Chiquita Collins (2001) explain that neighborhoods with unsafe streets where people are scared to exercise, with more advertisements for alcohol and tobacco, and higher rates of violent crime are experiencing:

a. pathogenic residential conditions.

b. criminalized residential conditions.

c. socially infectious residential conditions.

d. racist residential conditions.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 09

9) Diane Lauderdale (2006) found that Arab women had higher rates of birth outcomes six months after what event?

a. COVID pandemic

b. September 11th

c. Muslim ban on flights

d. Oklahoma City bombing

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 10

10) Other researchers found that infants born to Latina mothers had a 24% higher risk of low birth weight after:

a. COVID pandemic.

b. Violent attack on Latinos at an El Paso, Walmart.

c. A mass deportation on the southern border.

d. A traumatic immigration raid that happened in Postville, Iowa.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 11

11) A study of emergency room care providers found _______ _______ against Native American adults and children, which likely affected their care.

a. individual racism

b. colorblind racism

c. implicit biases

d. harmful stereotyping

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 12

12) A framework used to explain how health outcomes change over the life course is a:

a. life-course perspective.

b. life-course examination.

c. life-course review.

d. life-course perception.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 13

13) A framework used to explain the increasing divergence between Black and White health outcomes that focuses on how disadvantages accumulate over the life course is called a(n):

a. accumulating inequality perspective.

b. conglomerative constraint perspective.

c. disparate health perspective.

d. cumulative disadvantage perspective.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 14

14) During the COVID-19 pandemic, Black workers are laid off more and hired less. If researchers connect higher rates of COVID deaths among Black patients to stress from being unemployed, this is called the:

a. racialized medical systems.

b. cumulative disadvantage perspective.

c. life-course perspective.

d. weathering hypothesis.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 15

15) A recent study found that although Blacks and Mexican Americans have worse health outcomes than Whites overall:

a. Mexican Americans higher likelihood of having a serious medical condition does not increase with age.

b. Black people have better coping mechanisms than White people.

c. Mexican Americans do not use drugs as frequently as White people.

d. Black women are more likely to ask for help than White women.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 16

16) Poor or low-income disabled people of color face all of the following EXCEPT:

a. less likely to have a bank account.

b. less likely to seek medical care due to its high cost.

c. more likely to borrow from a family member.

d. more likely to use pawn shops, payday lender, and tax-refund loans.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 17

17) Which of the following are related to genetics?

a. Certain glaucoma drugs work better for African Americans.

b. A particular drug requires a lower dose for Asians.

c. Certain side effects do not occur in Latinos.

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 18

18) A lack of plumbing disproportionately affects racial communities. Which group has the highest rates of living without plumbing?

a. Poor Whites

b. Native Americans

c. Blacks

d. Mexicans

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 19

19) Camila Alvarez and Kathryn Norton-Smith (2018) measured estimated cancer risk for air toxins in immigrant communities. They found that the destinations where Latin American immigrants were moving to:

a. had higher than average estimated cancer risk from air toxins.

b. had lower than average estimated cancer risk from air toxins.

c. had very little air toxins.

d. Had higher than average estimated cancer and heart disease risk from air toxins.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 20

20) In January 2015, during the water crisis, Flint Michigan was found to be in violation of the:

a. Clean Water Act.

b. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.

c. Safe Drinking Water Act.

d. Toxic Substances Control Act.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 01

1) What is the Hispanic Paradox?

Page reference: Introduction

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 02

2) Please provide an example of racial capitalism.

Page reference: Socioeconomic Status and Health Disparities by Race/Ethnicity

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 03

3) Persons of low socioeconomic status, Blacks, and Latinos have higher obesity rates than the general population. What do public health scholars suggest may provide an explanation?

Page reference: Segregation and Health

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 04

4) Public health scholar James Jackson and his colleagues have found that African Americans have developed coping strategies to deal with stress, but that these same strategies ultimately have negative health outcomes. What are some of these strategies?

Page reference: The Effects of Individual Racism on Health

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 05

5) Scholars who adopt the weathering perspective making Black Americans age more quickly than Whites. What are some social, economic, or environmental conditions they face?

Page reference: Life-Course Perspectives

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 06

6) Researchers found that there were positive factors associated with acculturation among Latinos. What were they?

Page reference: Culture and Health

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 07

7) What were the findings of a study between acculturation and diabetes risk among Arab Americans in south-eastern Louisiana?

Page reference: Culture and Health

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 08

8) A 2007 report on grassroots efforts against environmental racism used the 2000 census data and databases of hazardous waste facilities to find out if there were racial disparities in the location of toxic waste facilities. What did they find?

Page reference: Environmental Racism

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 09

9) Melissa Checker (2006) conducted an in-depth study of Hyde Park. What were some of their experiences trying to gain environmental justice?

Page reference: Environmental Justice

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 10

10) What are the global effects of hazardous waste?

Page reference: Environmental Justice

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 01

1) Dr. James Marion Sims is sometimes called the father of American gynecology. He often used enslaved, involuntary subjects for experiments. Please share what you have learned about his “treatment” and experimentation?

Page reference: The History of Health Disparities in the United States

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 02

2) American Indians are about twice as likely as Whites to die from diabetes. What role did the federal government play in transforming their diets?

Page reference: Segregation and Health

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 03

3) Obesity and weight-related beliefs and attitudes differ between African American and White women. What are they?

Page reference: The Effects of Individual Racism on Health

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 04

4) What does Dorothy Roberts explain is the primary motive for finding genetic explanations for diseases and/or illnesses?

Page reference: Genetics, Race, and Health

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 05

5) What do we learn from the Holt family of Dickson, Tennessee?

Page reference: Environmental Justice