Test Bank

Chapter 11: “Commodification of Sex”

Multiple Choice

1. Pornography is transformed by technological advancements. One of the most recent trends in porn based on easy access to web cams is

a. pre-produced films

b. amateur porn

c. nude photos

d. all of these

2. A movement that argues that pornography can be a component to women’s sexual freedom and an educational tool for women is

a. sex positive feminism

b. porn-as-health movement

c. there is no such movement

d. involves all feminists

3. The majority of mainstream porn is geared toward what type of consumer?

a. white

b. heterosexual

c. male

d. all of these

4. The word prostitute is stigmatized. Some feminists prefer the term sex worker instead because this new term

a. refers to income-generating work

b. illegitimates prostitution

c. criminalizes prostitution

d. reveals sexual exploitation

5. What is one explanation for high rates of transgender prostitutes?

a. transgender individuals are more sexually free

b. transgender individuals are more economically vulnerable stemming from their inability to find employment

c. sex trafficking

d. none of these

6. Sex Trafficking is

a. an offshoot of human trafficking

b. forced commercial sex acts

c. coerced pornography

d. all of the above

7. One of the most consistent, overarching social trends associated with high rates of sex trafficking is

a. capitalism

b. dictatorship

c. large-sized sporting events

d. migration

8. U.S. Congress passed the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act of 2005 in which one of the main tenants was that brokers

a. provide prospective brides with information on domestic violence

b. protect the privacy of prospective male clients’ criminal history

c. ban any prospective clients who have a record on the National Sex Offender Public Registry

d. all of these

9. Joane Nagel (2000) defines sex tourism as an interaction between ethnicity and sexuality, or also describes it as

a. biracial

b. ethnosexual

c. hypersexual

d. masculine domination

10. Sex tourism is explained by sociologists as an example of how globalization shapes the sex industry primarily in what way?

a. wealthy exploiting the poor

b. poor exploiting the wealthy

c. religious ideology

d. sexual liberation

True/False

1. Pornography is legal unless is it obscene.

2. Law enforcement traditionally focuses more attention on prostitutes than their customers.

3. Neocolonialism is a term to describe the elimination of exploitive economic practices.

4. Anytime a child is involved in any kind of commercial sex act it is a crime.

5. Commercial sex acts do not include sex in exchange for nonmonetary things like shelter.

Short Answer

1. Do pornographic images of violence increase acts of sexual violence? Explain.

2. Why do some consider sexting child pornography?

3. What are sociological explanations for why a teen or young woman might turn to prostitution?

4. Describe the role of the pimp in prostitution.

5. Give an example of how sexuality and militarism intersect.

Essay

1. What does it mean to commodify sex? Describe three examples in society in which sex is commodified? Who are the commodities and who are the consumers? What is the role of gender in all examples?

2.Describe what it means to say porn has become mainstream? What sexual images and expectations are connected to watching porn?

3. Describe the criminalization and the legalization arguments over prostitution.

4. How is sex trafficking different from prostitution? How does the debate on legalization of prostitution factor into discussions of sex trafficking?

5. What is sex tourism? How does gender, race, ethnicity, and the global economy factor into sex tourism?