Chapter 1 Love And Why It Matters Test Bank Docx

CHAPTER 1: Love and Why It Matters

1. Why Intimate Relationships Are Important

a. Intimate relationships affect subjective well-being

i. Relationship status

ii. Relationship quality

iii. Associations with happiness

1. Physical health

2. Sexual intimacy

3. Financial well-being

  a. Relationship transitions

iv. Subjective happiness

1. Selection effects

2. Protection effects

b. Intimate relationships influence the well-being of children

i. Role of relationship status, relationship quality, and relationship transitions

ii. Longitudinal effects and genetic influence

c. Intimate relationships contribute to larger communities

i. Social control theory

d. Intimate relationships are universal

i. Pairbonds

ii. Cross-cultural research on Western and Eastern cultures (individualistic vs. collectivistic societies)

1. Role of globalization

 a. Arranged marriages

 b. Westernized values in intimate relationships

e. Intimate relationships determine the survival of our species

i. Natural selection and fitness

ii. Oxytocin

2. What Makes a Relationship Intimate?

a. Interdependence

i. Mutual influence

1. Between two individuals

2. Bidirectional

ii. Extends over time

iii. Necessary for intimacy (you cannot have intimacy without) but not sufficient

b. Social Relationships that are Personal Relationships

i. Impersonal versus personal relationships

c. Personal Relationships that are Close Relationships

i. Closeness

d. Close Relationships that are Intimate Relationships

i. Sexual passion between partners that could be expressed and shared

3. Love and the Essential Mystery of Intimate Relationships

a. Seven attributes of love

b. Components of love

c. Types of love

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. You are taking part in a study on relationships and pain. You are asked to place your hand in freezing-cold water for as long as you can. It becomes quite painful after a few minutes. Given what you know about the neurochemistry of close relationships, under what condition do you think you would subjectively experience the least pain?

2. Married versus unmarried couples differ in terms of their well-being. Although it could be that being married provides benefits that lead to increases in well-being, it is also possible that this is a “selection effect.” A selection effect occurs when

3. Under what circumstances would something have a “protection effect”?

4. According to your textbook, relationship quality

5. Hari, Adam, and Neela went snowboarding and neglected to apply sunscreen. Now they all have blisters on their faces. Hari lives with his romantic partner and they have a good relationship, Adam is in a difficult relationship, and Neela has just broken up with her romantic partner. Given what you know about health and relationships, what can we say about their recovery?

6. In close relationships, who is having the most sex?

7. Regarding the research on links between relationship status and mental and physical health, what can we conclude?

8. Tremayne and Jose have both been married to their partners for 30 years. Tremayne has continued to feel satisfied in his relationship with his wife; Jose, on the other hand, has found he has become less satisfied in his relationship over time. Both men suffer from congestive heart failure and are participating in a study of relationships and health. Based on material presented in the textbook, who would you expect to live longer?

9. In a study of couples where one spouse had congestive heart failure, researchers evaluated relationship quality and whether it was related to mortality rates (death) in a 4-year period. What did the researchers find?

10. In a study of couples where one spouse had congestive heart failure, researchers found that patients in happier relationships were less likely to die in the 4 years following the study. What does this study illustrate?

11. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study showed that threat-related brain structures are deactivated when women hold their husbands’ hands, and, in another study, relationship communication predicted how long people may survive after a diagnosis of congestive heart failure. Why were the two different studies contrasted in the text?

12. In an MRI study, women were told they would either have a 20 percent chance of electric shock after being shown a red X on a video monitor or no chance of electric shock after being shown a blue O while holding hands with an intimate partner, a stranger, or no one. What did the authors of the study find?

13. Diana, who is 4 years old, has been biting and scratching her playmates in preschool. What might you suspect as a possible cause of this behavior?

14. In a study of 4,800 U.S. households (Rank & Hirschl, 1999), children with unmarried parents were more likely to experience severe poverty compared to black children or children with heads of household who completed less than 12 years of school. What can we conclude from this study?

15. Parents’ relationships are associated with their children’s behavior. Which of the following is NOT a difference between children of happy versus unhappy marriages?

16. In a study of identical twins, where one twin was divorced and the other was not, the children of the divorced twin experienced more emotional difficulties compared to their cousins from the intact family of the other twin. Given the results of this study, we can conclude that the effects of divorce on children are

17. Parents’ relationship conflicts are associated with which of the following in children?

18. According to the textbook, family disruptions cost the United Kingdom approximately $58 billion per year in housing, social services, crime, and lost tax revenue. This is an example of

19. Evidence for the idea that relationships act as a form of social control was found in a study of cocaine use among men. In this study the only group of men that showed an increase in cocaine use was men who were __________ at baseline and were __________ two years later.

20. In one study of how love is experienced and perceived in the United States and China, researchers compared the lyrics of popular love songs from each country. In another study of how love is experienced and perceived in the United States and China, researchers interviewed young adults about their views on love. What can be concluded from these two studies?

21. Results from cross-cultural studies of American and Chinese young adults show that

22. Huang, an 18-year-old Chinese student, and Jim, a 19-year-old American student, participate in a cross-cultural study about love. Huang’s description of love is more likely to mention ________ than is Jim’s description of love.

23. Based on research comparing China and the United States, the experience of romantic love is ________, and the expression of romantic love is ________.

24. What conclusions can we draw from interviews conducted with more than 10,000 Chinese couples on understanding associations between types of marriages and relationship satisfaction?

25. Xiao Xu and Ming Ho are a young Chinese couple who married after falling in love while studying at university. They are friends with another young couple, On Ki and Seung Won, whose marriage was arranged by their parents. Based on research presented in the text, what would you predict about these couples’ marital satisfaction?

26. The nature of marriage and family has changed over the past few hundred years. Which of the following is NOT one of those changes?

27. Intimate relationships are implicated in the mechanisms of evolution because the ways in which individuals attract and select each other as mates appear to have direct or indirect consequences on

28. You participate in a study where researchers scan your brain using MRI technology while you look at a picture of your intimate partner. Researchers should see increased activity in areas of your brain associated with

29. You participate in a study where researchers scan your brain using MRI technology while you look at a picture of your intimate partner. Researchers should see decreased activity in areas of your brain associated with

30. MRI research investigating brain activation when individuals gaze at their intimate partners supports the distinction between _____ and _____ relationships.

31. What is the importance of the neuropeptide oxytocin in human bonding?

32. What is the significance of the findings linking oxytocin and human bonding?

33. Pei-Pei just met Samuel, and, when they are together, she feels a surge of excitement and sexual desire. What is the likely biological cause of these feelings?

34. Which of the following is NOT a defining element of an intimate relationship?

35. Your friend Yayoi recently started dating someone new. Which of the following is NOT one of the features you would look for if you were trying to determine whether she and her new partner have formed an intimate relationship?

36. According to the textbook, the defining feature of a relationship is:

37. Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of interdependence in relationships?

38. On his way home from work each day, Abdul buys his favorite bread from Nisa’s bakery. As defined by your textbook, which element of interdependence is likely missing from Abdul and Nisa’s relationship?

39. Mutual influence is to ________ as sexual passion is to ________.

40. Dale and Jonathon met a year ago in an introductory chemistry class. Being psychology majors, they were both nervous about taking chemistry as an elective. They ended up sharing notes and studying together, and they did well in the course. Since then, Dale and Jonathon have kept in touch and occasionally go out together on the weekend. Which of the following best characterizes Dale and Jonathon’s relationship?

41. Impersonal relationships tend to be ________, whereas personal relationships tend to be ________.

42. The relationship between a lawyer and her client would be considered a(n) ________ relationship, and the relationship between an aunt and niece would be considered a(n) ________ relationship.

43. Sandra regularly stops at a particular coffee shop on her way to work. Although she prefers it when Yasir makes her latté, she does not mind when Jamila makes it. How would you characterize Sandra’s relationship with Yasir?

44. Bradlei buys organic steak from his favorite butcher shop every Saturday. He prefers it when Veronica slices the steak for him, but he does not mind when Ruth slices it. How would you characterize Bradlei’s relationship with Veronica?

45. All of the following are key features of a close relationship EXCEPT:

46. According to your textbook, which of the following distinguishes an intimate relationship from a close relationship?

47. Casey has gone on several dates with John, and she cannot stop thinking about him. She believes that he is the best person she has ever met. Which two attributes of love is Casey likely to be experiencing?

48. Before he was in a relationship with Mark, David used to love going to concerts. Now that their relationship has become more serious, David spends less time and money going to concerts and more time with Mark. Which attribute of love best explains David’s change in behavior?

49. Ulrich writes to his friend Anna in a text message, “Shall we plan for another summer fling?” What type of love does this exemplify?

50. Many couples aspire to have _____ love; however, few are able to sustain it.

51. Considering the concept of love, which of the following statements is true?

1. On a long flight to a conference, you get into a debate with your seatmate about whether it is better to be in an intimate relationship or not. What would you argue and why?

2. According to your textbook authors, by examining relationship quality, researchers can hope to answer the critical question: Why do relationships sometimes thrive and sometimes falter? Define what is meant by relationship quality, and briefly discuss why it is important to try to answer this question.

3. Discuss and contrast how intimate relationships influence biological, psychological, and social well-being.

4. Adam has been in trouble with the law since he was a young adolescent. He started with petty crimes, such as vandalism and theft, and eventually he engaged in more serious criminal activity until his most recent conviction for robbery. While on parole, Adam met Janeane, and the two are now married. Although they both have steady part-time work, Adam and Janeane often argue about finances and are generally dissatisfied with their relationship. Based on material discussed in the text, explain the influence Adam’s relationship with Janeane is likely to have on his offending behavior.

5. You are asked to appear on a radio talk show to discuss arranged marriages. Given the research discussed in the text, what would you say about the nature of arranged marriages, how rates of arranged marriages are changing, and what the consequences are of those changes? What differences would you expect to find between arranged marriages and “love” marriages and why?

6. The nature of marriage in Western culture has been changing over the past few hundred years. Briefly describe some of the changes, as well as the consequences—positive and negative—for the individual, the family, and society.

7. Discuss how the capacity for human love and intimacy is both a biological and a social-cultural phenomenon.

8. Contrast how love is experienced and perceived in individualistic societies, such as in the United States, and in collectivist societies, such as China.

9. Discuss the importance and significance of oxytocin in human bonding.

10. Explain why interdependence, although a necessary condition for intimacy, is not a sufficient condition for intimacy.

11. Describe the four defining features of an intimate relationship.

12. Imagine you play matchmaker and introduce your good friends, Pat and Chris, to each other. You know they both enjoy creative writing and a love of the outdoors. Assume that Pat and Chris have begun to spend more and more time together. What features would you look for if you were trying to determine whether Pat and Chris have formed an intimate relationship?

13. Although your textbook focuses on intimate relationships, the authors argue that we cannot understand intimate relationships without also discussing close relationships more broadly. Explain why only some close relationships may be considered intimate relationships.

14. Your friend Jen calls you one night for some relationship advice. She tells you about Cam, a guy that she has been dating for approximately 2 weeks. Jen tells you that they text each other often and that they have great sexual chemistry; however, she cannot figure out why Cam is not willing to call her his “girlfriend” and tell people they are exclusively dating each other. Based on the material discussed in the text about the intensity of intimacy, passion, and commitment, what advice would you give Jen?

15. Distinguish fatuous love from companionate love.

16. After dating for two years, Yayoi and her partner, Tom, recently became engaged. Yayoi is participating in a study where she is asked to describe what she believes are the defining features of love. Based on material presented in the text, what essential attributes would you expect Yayoi to describe?