Chapter 1 Introduction To Anthropology Full Test Bank

Test Bank

Chapter 1: Introduction to Anthropology

Multiple Choice

1. Anthropologists who specialize in ______ anthropology are most likely to study evolution.

a. linguistic

b. cultural

c. biological

d. archaeological

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Biological Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Biological anthropology is most closely aligned with which type of study?

a. natural science

b. social science

c. humanities

d. arts

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Biological Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. A primatologist would be most likely to conduct which of the following studies?

a. analysis of fossil samples

b. observational analysis of chimpanzee social structure

c. DNA analysis of hair samples from two prehistoric sites

d. isotopic analysis of a human bone

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Biological Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Osteological studies involve the analysis of the human ______.

a. ancestor

b. language

c. genome

d. skeleton

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Biological Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which type of anthropologist studies past cultures through analysis of their material culture?

a. archaeologists

b. biological anthropologists

c. cultural anthropologists

d. linguists

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Archaeology

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Pottery, stone tools, and jewelry are examples of ______ studied by archaeologists.

a. ecofacts

b. excavations

c. artifacts

d. middens

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Archaeology

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. What do archaeologists find when they excavate middens?

a. jewels and other spectacular artifacts

b. trash left by ancient people

c. evidence for ancient rituals

d. remains of walls, post holes, and other architectural elements

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Archaeology

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. A classical archaeologist would be most likely to excavate ______.

a. a French library

b. a Celtic hillfort

c. a Hopi pueblo

d. an ancient Greek temple

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Archaeology

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. A prehistoric archaeologist would be most likely to excavate ______.

a. a Roman curse tablet

b. a codex written in Maya hieroglyphics

c. a wall painting from Çatalhöyük

d. an Egyptian obelisk

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Archaeology

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The ______ anthropologist is most likely to explore whether people who speak different languages think in different ways.

a. linguistic

b. archaeological

c. biological

d. cultural

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Linguistic Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which type of linguistics examines the different versions of language spoken by different groups within a particular culture?

a. structural linguistics

b. sociolinguistics

c. historical linguistics

d. psycholinguistics

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Linguistic Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Which type of anthropologist conducts participant observation fieldwork among present-day societies?

a. linguist

b. archaeologist

c. biological anthropologist

d. cultural anthropologist

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Which methodology allows anthropologists to write about cultures other than their own as insiders?

a. participant observation

b. excavation

c. radiocarbon dating

d. ethnography

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. When your professor assigns you a reading about a particular culture, the reading is called a/an ______.

a. ethnology

b. ethnography

c. participant observation

d. field report

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. When your professor assigns you a reading on a particular subject that includes many cultures around the world, the reading is called a/an ______.

a. ethnology

b. ethnography

c. cultural report

d. universal

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. When a biological anthropologist is hired by a police department to create an image of a murder victim based on a few fragments of the skull, they are participating in ______ anthropology.

a. cultural

b. archaeological

c. linguistic

d. applied

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Applied Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Early anthropology emerged from the desire to ______.

a. reconstruct the history of languages

b. find ancient treasures

c. understand non-Western cultures

d. trace human ancestor species

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which type of anthropologist uses fossils to trace human ancestry?

a. osteologist

b. linguist

c. archaeologist

d. paleoanthropologist

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Biological Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which methodology is used by archaeologists to map sites and artifacts?

a. participant observation

b. geographic information systems (GIS)

c. excavation

d. ethnography

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Archaeology

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Which type of linguistics examines similarities and differences among present-day languages?

a. historical linguistics

b. sociolinguistics

c. structural linguistics

d. philosophical linguistics

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Linguistic Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which quality of the field of anthropology allows anthropologists to discuss bigger picture questions about humanity?

a. a holistic approach

b. ethnographic research

c. ethnocentrism

d. an ahistorical focus

Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and the Global Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. An archaeologist may use radiocarbon dating to assess the age of a particular site. Since this is a methodology borrowed from the natural sciences, it illustrates the ______ quality of anthropology.

a. holistic

b. interdisciplinary

c. global

d. ethnohistorical

Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and the Global Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. When an anthropologist asks an elder to tell the story of how her people came to their homeland, the anthropologist is collecting a/an ______.

a. mythology

b. ethnohistory

c. ethnography

d. ethnology

Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and the Global Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. As members of a culture learn their society’s ways of life, they begin to see other ways of life as less acceptable, leading to ______.

a. cultural relativism

b. religion

c. ethnocentrism

d. universalism

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Anthropological Explanations

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. How is anthropological knowledge produced?

a. systematic observation based on the scientific method

b. personal experience extrapolated cross culturally

c. derived from religious beliefs and sacred texts

d. culturally constructed beliefs and practices

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. An anthropologist is interested in family relationships among the residents of a particular village. She wants to better understand their patterns of kinship and descent. She designs a fieldwork project that allows her to observe familial relationships for a period of one year. Based on her observations, she hypothesizes that village residents have a different relationship with their mother’s sister than with their father’s sister. This is an example of the ______ method of scientific research.

a. theoretical

b. variable

c. deductive

d. inductive

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data

Difficulty Level: Hard

27. An anthropologist is interested in studying ritual and religion. She believes that most rituals originate as ways of addressing practical needs, and designs a series of fieldwork projects that allows her to test her hypothesis. She visits eight small scale societies and collects data about their ritual beliefs, then uses the data to test her hypothesis. This is an example of the ______ method of scientific research.

a. deductive

b. inductive

c. hypothetical

d. verifiable

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data

Difficulty Level: Hard

28. An anthropologist notices that he can trace many cultural practices back to other cultures. Over time, he tests a series of hypotheses and formulates an explanation that posits that the appearance of new cultural traits in societies happens by spreading from another culture. This explanation is an example of a ______.

a. cultural universal

b. variable

c. theory

d. law

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Anthropologists would use a scientific approach to study which of the following?

a. the adoption of a new type of tool

b. the composition of a song

c. the initiation ritual of a young man

d. the feelings of the people toward the flag

Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Anthropologists would use a humanistic approach to study which of the following?

a. the history of a language

b. the naming ceremony of a baby

c. the diet of the poorest members of society

d. the medical care received by a pregnant woman

Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Ethnomusicology and ethnopoetics are examples of the ______ approach to anthropology.

a. holistic

b. deductive

c. scientific

d. humanistic

Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. The anthropologist’s job is to ______ beliefs and practices within their cultural context.

a. construct

b. interpret

c. hypothesize

d. deduce

Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Students who are not anthropology majors often wonder if they really need to study anthropology. Which of the following best describes why students of other disciplines should still take anthropology courses?

a. Anthropology is rarely offered before college, so students should take advantage of the chance to study something new.

b. Anthropologists make a lot of money, so students should give it a chance.

c. Anthropologists know a little bit about everything, so students will learn about their own majors in anthropology courses.

d. Anthropologists learn skills that are applicable in many disciplines, so even non-majors will walk away with knowledge that will help them in their lives and careers.

Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology?

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Anthropology’s ______ perspective teaches students to value cultural diversity.

a. scientific

b. holistic

c. humanistic

d. cross-cultural

Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology?

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. Anthropology’s emphasis on the ______ trains students to think critically.

a. humanistic approach

b. global diversity

c. scientific method

d. arts and sciences

Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology?

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Modern anthropologists focus on non-Western cultures.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Anthropologists specialize in one subfield, but receive training in all four major subfields.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and the Global Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Human knowledge is based on objective reality.

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Anthropological Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. It is better to use a scientific approach than a humanistic approach in anthropology.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Scientists and humanists each contribute meaningfully to our understanding of humankind.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Compare and contrast the contribution that each of the four major subfields of anthropology makes to an understanding of humankind.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Which type of anthropologist would you become and why? Your answer should include specific explanations of why you would choose your particular subfield as well as why you would reject the others.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Would the inductive or deductive methods of scientific research be more useful in debunking ethnocentric beliefs? Justify your answer.

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Analyze the differences in the use of the term “progress” as it relates to the sciences versus the humanities. Why can we refer to modern knowledge of science as more advanced than in the past, but not of the arts?

Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Discuss how a background in anthropology would be beneficial to your future career.

Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology?

Difficulty Level: Medium