Ch9 Exam Prep International Law And Transitional Justice

1) In April 2012, the international court convicted _________________, the former president of ______________.

Feedback:factual

Chapter Section Reference: Chapter Opener

a. Mulatu Teshome; Ethiopia

b. Robert Mugabe; Zimbabwe

c. Charles G. Taylor; Liberia

d. Joyce Banda; Malawi

2) Within the legal system hierarchical structures exist for ____________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Fundamentals of International Law

a. making law

b. enforcing law

c. interpreting law

d. intercepting law

3) Ideas about __________ restrain the pursuit of power in domestic systems.

Feedback:conceptual

Chapter Section Reference: The Fundamentals of International Law

a. behavior

b. competency

c. legitimacy

d. justice

4) Different countries may have varying conceptions of what is right and just because of their ___________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Fundamentals of International Law

a. access to information

b. cultural and historical experiences

c. economy

d. UN membership

5) Which of the following is most likely not a matter that demands international regulation?

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Chapter Section Reference: The Fundamentals of International Law

a. political asylum

b. worker’s right

c. diplomatic immunity

d. presidential elections

6) The current international legal system falls toward the _______ end of the evolutionary scale of legal systems.

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Chapter Section Reference: Evolutionary Nature of International Law

a. sophisticated

b. modern

c. primitive

d. middle

7) According to the chapter, the world’s most general debate arena is _________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Evolutionary Nature of International Law

a. the congress

b. the UN General Assembly

c. the internet

d. the media

8) Within the international system most war criminals are ____________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Evolutionary Nature of International Law

a. cooperative

b. unpunished

c. judged

d. litigated

9) The international system of law is rooted in all these customs except for _______________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Growth of International Law

a. Ancient Jewish

b. Ancient Greek

c. Ancient Bantu

d. Ancient Roman

10) International law as we know it today primarily developed from the ideas and practices of ___________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Growth of International Law

a. Arabic civilization

b. Western civilization

c. Eastern civilization

d. Middle Eastern civilization

11) According to the chapter, ___________ wasthe first scholar of international law.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Growth of International Law

a. Hugo Grotius

b. John Selden

c. Francisco de Vitoria

d. Alfonso de Castro

12) Globalization has significantly expanded the need for rules to govern functional areas in all the following except ________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Growth of International Law

a. nationalism

b. communication

c. finance

d. trade

13) Which of the following is an example of norm building around global business practices?

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Chapter Section Reference: The Growth of International Law

a. Global Strategy Group

b. Global Network for Advanced Management

c. UN Global Compact

d. Global Environmental Fund

14) The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties entered into force in __________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Growth of International Law

a. 1985

b. 1988

c. 1980

d. 1983

15) All of the following could be considered as “low politics” except for _________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Practice of International Law

a. trade

b. national security

c. diplomatic rule

d. communication

16) All of these are critical considerations for international law, except for ________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The International Legal System

a. the philosophical roots of law.

b. the ways in which international laws are made.

c. the forms in which legal disputes are decided.

d. the place in which the secretariat should be located.

17) The special tribunal that dealt with the former President of Liberia Charles Taylor’s war crimes was established by ____________.

Feedback:conceptual

Chapter Section Reference: The International Legal system

a. the African Union

b. the International Court of Justice

c. the Liberian government

d. the UN Security Council

18) Which of the following is not a school of thought on where laws originate?

Feedback:conceptual

Chapter Section Reference: The Philosophical Roots of Law

a. The constructivist school of law

b. The theological school of law

c. The naturalist school of law

d. The positivist school of law

19) The judicial decisions of a country are used mainly ____________.

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Chapter Section Reference: How International Law Is Made

a. to make laws

b. to interpret the law

c. to verify decrees

d. to enforce the law

20) Which of the following is not a source of law that the international legal community officiallyrecognizes?

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Chapter Section Reference: How International Law Is Made

a. international conventions or treaties, whether general or particular

b. the teaching of the most highly qualified writers and scholars

c. parliamentary debates

d. general principles of laws, recognized by civilized nations

21) ____________ are the primary source of international law.

Feedback:conceptual

Chapter Section Reference: How International Law Is Made

a. International treaties

b. Judicial decisions

c. Scholarly writings

d. cabinet briefings

22) Philosopher _______ argued in Two Treatises of Government (1690) that there is “a law of nature” that underpins law in any form.

Feedback:applied

Chapter Section Reference: The Philosophical Roots of Law

a. Francisco Suárez

b. John Locke

c. René Descartes

d. Damaris Cudworth Masham

23) The norm that states must carry out the treaties that they sign and ratify is reflected in the___________

Feedback:conceptual

Chapter Section Reference: The International Legal system

a. pacta sunt servanda

b. cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad infernos

c. ad hominem

d. animus contrahendi

24) According to current international law,territorial waters extend ___________ from the shore.

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Chapter Section Reference: How International Law Is Made

a. 20 miles

b. 10 miles

c. 12 miles

d. 15 miles

25) The doctrine that grants most diplomats freedom from prosecution for certain crimes while working abroad is known as ____________.

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Chapter Section Reference: How International Law Is Made

a. diplomatic pardoning

b. diplomatic immunity

c. diplomatic affairs

d. foreign service

26) Which of the following is an example in which international customs exist or influence domestic legal practices?

Feedback:applied

Chapter Section Reference: How International Law Is Made

a. U.S. Supreme Court case Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

b. U.S. Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade (1973)

c. U.S. Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

d. U.S. Supreme Court case Roper v. Simmons (2005)

27) Which of the following best explains the ancient Roman concept of jus gentium as an essential concept in international law?

Feedback:applied

Chapter Section Reference: How International Law Is Made

a. the law of peoples

b. for the people by the people

c. contractual intent

d. for the sake of argument

28) According to the chapter, in the UK Brexit debate, many argued that the European Court of Justice (ECJ)________________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: How International Law Is Made

a. should play a strong role in political and bureaucratic decisions

b. should be strengthening

c. breached national sovereignty

d. should be dissolved

29) Approximately _________ of the world’s countries have ratified the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984)

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Chapter Section Reference: How International Law Is Made

a. 75%

b. 95%

c. 86%

d. 59%

30) According to the chapter ____________ is the only country in the world to execute people for crimes committed as a child.

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Chapter Section Reference: How International Law Is Made

a. North Korea

b. Russia

c. The United States

d. Venezuela

31) International law is most effective in governing ________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Practice of International Law

a. state actors

b. high politics

c. low politics

d. Intergovernmental organizations

32) According to the chapter __________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The International Legal system

a. states comply with most international law half of the time

b. states comply with most international law most of the time

c. states do not comply with most international law most of the time

d. states comply with international law three-thirds of the time

33) After World War II, a select number of German and Japanese military leaders were tried and convicted at the _____________ and ___________ tribunals.

Feedback:applied

Chapter Section Reference: Enforcement of the Law

a. Berlin; Kawasaki

b. Hamburg; Yokohama

c. Munich; Osaka

d. Nuremberg; Tokyo

34) Which of the following best explains the order to which a primitive legal system develops?

Feedback:applied

Chapter Section Reference: Adjudication of the Law

a. 1) adjudication; 2) arbitration by neutral parties; 3) bargaining between adversaries; 4) mediation/conciliation by neutral parties

b. 1) bargaining between adversaries; 2) mediation/conciliation by neutral parties; 3) adjudication; 4) arbitration by neutral parties

c. 1) mediation/conciliation by neutral parties; 2) adjudication; 3) arbitration by neutral parties; 4) bargaining between adversaries

d. 1) arbitration by neutral parties; 2) bargaining between adversaries; 3) mediation/conciliation by neutral parties; 4) adjudication

35) What year did NATO intervene in Kosovo?

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Chapter Section Reference: Compliance with the Law

a. 1999

b. 1995

c. 2001

d. 2003

36) The UN-authorized military action against Iraq in ______________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Enforcement of the Law

a. 2001

b. 1991

c. 2003

d. 1999

37) The origin of international courts could be traced back to the establishment of the __________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: International Courts

a. International Court of Justice (ICJ)

b. International Criminal Court (ICC)

c. Permanent Court of International Arbitration

d. UN Security Council

38) From 1946 through 2005, the International Court of Justice averaged only about ______ new cases annually.

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Chapter Section Reference: Jurisdiction of International Courts

a. two

b. ten

c. five

d. eight

39) Which of the following best describes the optional clause as it relates to the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

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Chapter Section Reference: Jurisdiction of International Courts

a. it is optional for member states to be subjected to the ICJ’s jurisdiction

b. member states can choose when to be subjected to the ICJ’s jurisdiction

c. the optional clause means that the ICJ must seek permission from sovereign states before a dispute

d. member states must agree to be subject to the ICJ’s compulsory jurisdiction

40) About ________of all countries have not signed the optional clause.

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Chapter Section Reference: Jurisdiction of International Courts

a. one-fifth

b. two-thirds

c. half

d. one-quarter

41) Which of the following countries withdrew consent from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 1984?

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Chapter Section Reference: Jurisdiction of International Courts

a. The U.S.

b. Nicaragua

c. China

d. Russia

42) ___________ is an example of a successful exercise of jurisprudence by a hybrid (national/international) court.

Feedback:applied

Chapter Section Reference: Applying International Law and Justice

a. The International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)

b. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

c. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

d. The Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone

43) Which of the following countries did not fund the Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone (STSL)?

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Chapter Section Reference: Applying International Law and Justice

a. Canada

b. The Netherlands

c. Gambia

d. United Kingdom

44) Western view of law is based on a shared ____________ tradition.

Feedback:conceptual

Chapter Section Reference: Law and Justice in a Multicultural World

a. Judeo-Christian

b. Islamic

c. Confucius

d. Hindu

45) An example of international legal controversy that criticizes the Western legal system for prioritizing process over equity concerns would be:

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Chapter Section Reference: Law and Cultural Perspectives

a. Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and Nuclear Disarmament (the Marshall Islands vs. the United Kingdom).

b. Questions relating to the Seizure and Detention of Certain Documents and Data (Timor-Leste vs. Australia).

c. Questions concerning patents held by Western pharmaceutical firms vs. willingness by developing countries to produce low-cost generic equivalents.

d. The legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium).

46) Which philosopher wrote The Prince?

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Chapter Section Reference: Standards of Law for States and Individuals

a. David Hume

b. Immanuel Kant

c. Niccolò Machiavelli

d. René Descartes

47) Jus ad bellum refers to _________________________________.

Feedback:conceptual

Chapter Section Reference: States, War, and International Law

a. conduct during war

b. the justice of outcomes after war

c. making peace during war

d. the decision to go to war

48) On the Law of War and Peace was written by _________________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Growth of International Law

a. Antonio Negri

b. Michel Foucault

c. Hugo Grotius

d. Niccolò Machiavelli

49) Which of the following is not a feature of international law?

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Chapter Section Reference: Evolutionary Nature of International Law of International Law

a. Falls toward the primitive end of the evolutionary scale of legal systems.

b. Formal rule-making (legislative) process.

c. Little established authority to judge or punish violations of law.

d. Resolutions are not legally binding for states.

50) Those who discount international law contend ______________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Practice of International Law

a. there will eventually be less international law as society progresses

b. international law only exists because of globalization

c. it exists only in theory, not in practice

d. states mostly don’t accept and obey international law

51) Compliance with international law is ______________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Compliance with the Law

a. strictly enforced through coercion

b. mostly voluntary rather than based on coercion

c. has no form of coercion

d. is up to the nation-states

52) All of the following promote compliance except for ________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Compliance with the Law

a. reputation

b. imperialism

c. credibility

d. socialization

53) _____________ are the centralized enforcement of international law.

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Chapter Section Reference: Enforcement of the Law

a. Tribunals and courts

b. The UN General Assembly

c. The UN Security Council

d. Secretariats

54) Which the following is not a regional court?

Feedback:conceptual

Capter Section Reference: International Courts

a. The Asian Court of Justice

b. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights

c. The Central American Court of Justice

d. The Community Tribunal of the Economic Community of West African States

55) In 2004, the ICJ found that ________ had breached its obligations to the Vienna Convention with regards to ___________ citizens on death row.

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Chapter Section Reference: Jurisdiction of International Courts

a. North Korea; South Korean

b. Ethiopia; Eritrean

c. the U.S.; Mexican

d. Saudi Arabia; Yemen

56) b) The naturalist school of law notes that ______________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Philosophical Roots of Law

a. humans, by nature, have certain rights and obligations

b. the environment is important to the law

c. science is the most important element in implementing the law

d. the law should focus on human being returning to nature

57) Which of the following is not a central tenant of the ideological/theological school of law?

Feedback:conceptual

Chapter Section Reference: The Philosophical Roots of Law

a. politics

b. ethnicity

c. cultural identity

d. economic wealth

58) After an absence of nearly 50 years, international tribunals reemerged in the ___________.

Feedback:factual

Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. 1980s

b. 2010s

c. 1990s

d. 2000s

59) The Rwandan genocide took place over a period of roughly ________in the______________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. 120 days; winter 1992

b. 100 days; spring of 1994

c. 150 days; summer of 1993

d. 200 days, fall of 1995

60) The main perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide were ______________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. Hutu extremists

b. Tutsi extremists

c. Twa extremists

d. Banyarwanda extremists

61) In Bosnia, Serbian forces executed more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys in a matter of days in _________ in 1995.

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Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. Sarajevo

b. Mostar

c. Srebrenica

d. Bihać

62) Before drawing to a close in 2017, the ICTYindicted ___________ individuals as war criminals, convicting __________ of them.

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Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. 161 individuals; 90

b. 210 individuals; 110

c. 231 individuals; 193

d. 101 individuals; 77

63) Laws that reflect society and the way people want that society to operate would fall under the __________.

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Chapter Section Reference: The Philosophical Roots of Law

a. Positivist school of law

b. The ideological/theological school of law

c. The International school of law

d. The naturalist school of law

64) The most important trial conducted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was that of __________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. Slobodan Milošević

b. Mehmed Alagić

c. Rahim Ademi

d. Mirko Babić

65) The ______________was the first international criminal court since World War II to punish heads of government.

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Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

b. the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)

c. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

d. the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC)

66) According to the chapter, rape and forced impregnation emerged as a major strategic weapon of war in which of the following places?

Feedback:applied

Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. Venezuela

b. Ghana

c. Rwanda

d. Cuba

67) The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)was located in _________________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. Arusha, Tanzania

b. Kigali, Rwanda

c. Nairobi, Kenya

d. Cape Town, South Africa

68) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was established in ____________.

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Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. Belgrade, Serbia

b. London, U.K.

c. Paris, France

d. The Hague, the Netherlands

69) Which head of state plead guilty to genocide in 1998 and was sentenced to life in prison?

Feedback:factual

Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. former Rwandan Prime Minister, Jean Kambanda

b. former President of Yugoslavia, Slobodan Milošević

c. former President of Liberia, Charles Taylor

d. former President of Sudan, Omar al-Bashir

70) Which of these journalists was sentenced to 12 years in prison for inciting genocide in Rwanda?

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Chapter Section Reference: Twentieth-Century War Crimes Tribunals

a. Charles Ingabire

b. Jean-Léonard Rugambage

c. Georges Henry Joseph Ruggiu

d. André Sibomana

71) The Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone (STSL) was established in 2002 in _____________.

Feedback:factual

Chapter Section Reference: Applying International Law and Justice

a. Freetown, Liberia

b. Dakar, Senegal

c. Monrovia, Sierra Leone

d. Conakry, Guinea

72) Which of these countries is not a party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court?

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Chapter Section Reference: Applying International Law and Justice

a. Uruguay

b. The U.S.

c. Japan

d. Afghanistan

73) As of 2019, there are ___________ official investigations open by the International Criminal Court (ICC)

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Chapter Section Reference: The International Criminal Court

a. 21

b. 11

c. 27

d. 19

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 01

1) With examples, reflect on global and domestic systems, as explained in the chapter.

Feedback: What differences exist between the two systems? Give examples to support your answer.

 With examples, identify the strengths and weaknesses of each system

 Which of the two systems would you say is the most efficient in its application, and why?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 02

2) In 100 words, describe international law.

Feedback: What is international law?

 With examples, describe the role of international law.

 Which global actors are regulated by international law? Can you identify any that are outside its purview?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 03

3) Reflect on the term adjudication in global politics.

Feedback: How do you define adjudication in global politics?

 What are some examples of international adjudication?

 What is compulsory adjudication?

 Who are some of the criticisms of international adjudication?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 04

4) In 100 words, describe the Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone.

Feedback: What is the Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone?

 What were some of the outcomes of the Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone?

 What were some of the criticisms of the Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 05

5) Reflect on the legitimacy and effectiveness of international law.

Feedback: Some discredit the existence and effectiveness of international law. What arguments do they make to support their position?

 With examples, describe arguments that the authors make to justify the existence of international law

 Under what circumstances is international law valid? When is it not effective?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 06

6) Describe the philosophical foundation of law and its implications.

Feedback: Identify and describe the three major schools of thoughts on the origin of law

 With examples, explain the central tenets of each school of thought

 Describe arguments made by advocates as well as critics of external sources of law

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 07

7) In 100 words, describe critical aspects of the positivist school of law. What arguments do its advocates and critics make?

Feedback: What is the positivist school of law, and what are its central arguments?

 With examples, identify at least three arguments made by critics of the positivist school.

 What arguments do advocates for the positivist school make? Use examples to support your answer.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 08

8) Describe how international law is made and international bodies involved in the process.

Feedback: Who makes international law?

 With examples, describe the role of international treaties.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 09

9) Describe international customs and their role in international law.

Feedback: Define customs. How are international customs relevant to this discussion?

 How does the Roper v. Simmons’ 2005 court case help us better understand international customs?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 10

10) Reflect on international law’s enforcement mechanism.

Feedback: Describe various enforcement types within legal systems. What form of enforcement is practiced in international law?

 According to the chapter, why would a state voluntarily comply with international law?

 With examples, describe instances in which voluntary compliance has worked well.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 11

11) Reflect on the term diplomatic immunity.

Feedback: What is diplomatic immunity?

 Give examples of diplomatic immunity in practice.

 Give reasons why diplomatic immunity may be revoked.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 12

12) Reflect on the application of international law in a diverse world.

Feedback: Contemporary international law is grounded in Western conceptions of justice and ideals. Discuss with at least four examples to support your answer.

 Describe the application of international law on individuals vs. states. What difficulties exist in both instances?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 13

13) Reflect on the phrase “due process”.

Feedback: What is due process?

 Give examples of due process in practice.

 What is a violation of due process?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 14

14) Reflect on regional courts, their authority, and the potential they hold for global peace and justice.

Feedback: What are regional courts? Give examples of regional courts

 How can regional courts better address the issue of diverse social norms and cultural values?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 15

15) Discuss the concept of moral absolutism.

Feedback: What is moral absolutism?

 What would be an example of moral absolutism in global politics?

 Is moral absolutism a necessity for international law?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 01

1) Reflect on the assertion that the current international legal system is primitive.

Feedback: How do the authors conceptualize modern vs. primitive in this context?

 What makes the current legal system primitive?

 Give examples to justify your answer.

 If the international law is constantly changing in scope, interpretation, and implementation, what possible challenges might there be?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 02

2) Discuss international law as it applies to war.

Feedback: According to the chapter, what is meant by “just war”?

 With examples, describe criteria used as evidence of just war.

 Use specific examples to show instances where nations have engaged in “unjust” wars.

 Describe guidelines that stipulate acceptable tactics and strategies of war.

 How are new technologies such as drones blurring the lines between what is acceptable tactics and what is not?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 03

3) Discuss Charles Taylor’s case, as presented in the chapter.

Feedback: Describe the charges presented against Charles Taylor

 In 300 words or so, identify key aspects of the trial that support the effectiveness of international legal mechanisms.

 Is there any evidence to the contrary?

 What impact has the trial and its verdict had on global governments and their leaders?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 04

4) Discuss international courts and their role in international law.

Feedback: What are international courts?

 Give a brief timeline of their genesis.

 Identify various countries and their jurisdictions.

 How do these courts navigate issues of sovereignty?

 In 100 words, describe the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and its functions.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 05

5) In 300 words, describe the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.

Feedback: What is the Vienna Convention?

 When was the convention drafted and entered into force?

 Why do you think it took so long for the convention to enter into force once?

 With examples, describe issues that fall under the Vienna Convention.