Ch9 Biochemical Assessment of Nutritional Status Test Bank

Chapter 09

Multiple Choice

1. Which one of the following tests provides the best indication of impaired iron status in its earliest stage?

A. Hematocrit

B. Hemoglobin

C. Serum ferritin

D. Soluble transferrin receptor

2. Which one of the following is the most common nutrient deficiency in the United States?

A. Folic acid

B. Iron

C. Vitamin A

D. Vitamin C

3. Which one of the following is the third stage of iron depletion?

A. Early functional iron deficiency without anemia

B. Iron-deficiency anemia

C. Depleted iron stores

D. None of the choices are correct.

4. Which one of the following tests is the most sensitive indicator of iron status after iron stores are depleted but before anemia develops?

A. Hematocrit

B. Hemoglobin

C. Serum ferritin

D. Soluble transferrin receptor

5. Which of the following is recognized as the single laboratory test for reliably assessing impaired iron status?

A. Hemoglobin

B. Mean corpuscular volume

C. Serum ferritin

D. None of the choices are correct.

6. A major drawback to assessing mineral status by hair analysis is ________.

A. the fact that hair mineral content does not reflect body mineral content

B. the possible contamination of hair from cosmetics, shampoos, etc.

C. the slow growth of hair

D. the high keratin content of hair

7. Which of the following is a functional test of vitamin A status?

A. Relative dose response

B. Retinol isotope dilution

C. Dark adaptation

D. Liver biopsy

8. Which of the following is the appropriate biochemical indicator for assessing calcium status?

A. Ionized serum calcium

B. Total serum calcium

C. Urinary calcium

D. None of the choices are correct.

9. Which one of the following is the most widely used indicator of recent iodine intake and iodine status?

A. The goiter rate

B. Serum thyroglobulin

C. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone

D. Urinary iodine

10. According to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which one of the following groups is at greatest risk of vitamin D deficiency?

A. Mexican Americans

B. Non-Hispanic Blacks

C. Non-Hispanic Whites

D. None of the choices are correct.

11. A newborn is at increased risk of having a neural tube defect if its mother's diet was deficient in which of the following vitamins?

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin B-6

C. Vitamin C

D. Folate

12. Which one of the following statements is false?

A. The diets of most Americans supply more than adequate amounts of vitamin B-12.

B. In older persons the risk of low vitamin B-12 status increases due to diminished vitamin B-12 absorption.

C. Most cases of pernicious anemia in the United States are due to inadequate production of intrinsic factor.

D. Most cases of vitamin B-12 deficiency seen in the United States are due to a dietary deficiency of the vitamin.

13. A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test used to evaluate overall health and detect a wide range of disorders. Which one of the following is NOT on this list?

A. Anemia

B. Infection

C. Inflammation

D. Acute myocardial infarction

14. The CBC is a panel of tests that evaluates three types of cells that circulate in the blood compartment. Which one of the following is NOT on this list?

A. Red blood cells

B. White blood cells

C. Macrophages

D. Platelets

15. MCH is a calculation of the ________.

A. average size of a single red blood cell

B. average amount of hemoglobin inside a single red blood cell

C. average concentration of hemoglobin inside a single red blood cell

D. variation in the size of RBCs

16. The WBC differential identifies and counts the number of five different types of WBCs. Which one of the following is NOT on this list?

A. Neutrophils

B. Lymphocytes

C. Dendrites

D. Eosinophils

17. Somatic protein represents ________% of the body cell mass, and is located within skeletal muscle.

A. 25%

B. 50%

C. 75%

D. 90%

18. Which one of the following biomarkers is increased during the third stage of iron deficiency anemia?

A. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin

B. Hemoglobin

C. Serum ferritin

D. MCV

19. According to the Institute of Medicine, a blood level for 25(OH)D of less than ________ nmol/L is classified as a "risk of deficiency relative to bone health."

A. 60

B. 55

C. 45

D. 30

True/False

20. A "false positive" would occur when a person with an adequate iron status has a hemoglobin level less than the age/sex-appropriate cut point for diagnosing anemia.

21. Preschool children and women of childbearing age are the groups at greatest risk of iron deficiency.

22. One advantage of using the serum concentration of soluble transferrin receptor as a biochemical marker for iron status is that it is not affected by inflammation or infection.

23. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey show that the prevalence of iron deficiency varies little across different racial and ethnic groups.

24. The most critical period for adequate iodine intake is during uterine development and the first two years of life.

25. While too little iodine in the diet can result in iodine deficiency disorders, high intakes of iodine are not a health concern.

26. The iodization of table salt sold in Canada and in the United States is mandatory.

27. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey show that the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in the U.S. is very low.

28. There is a lack of agreement among nutrition researchers on what constitutes an optimal serum concentration of vitamin D.

29. If sun exposure is sufficient, dietary intake of vitamin D is not necessary.

30. Recent data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicate that iodine intake for the overall U.S. population is inadequate.

Fill-in-the-Blank

31. The percentage of red blood cells making up the entire volume of whole blood is known as packed cell volume or ________.

32. Although the most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency, there are a number of other common causes, which are collectively referred to as anemia of __________.

33. The term __________ refers to abnormally small red blood cells.

34. The classic sign of iodine deficiency is thyroid gland enlargement, which is referred to as __________.

35. Deficiency of vitamin D delays growth and causes ________ in children.

36. Severe iodine deficiency in utero can result in a condition known as __________.

37. Because pre-albumin has a shorter __________ than albumin, changes in nutritional status can be detected more rapidly by monitoring pre-albumin than by monitoring albumin.