Chapter 8: Qualitative Research

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Qualitative research is based on which type of philosophy?

A. inductive

B. deductive

C. classic

D. intentional

Learning Objective: 8.1: Identify the ways in which qualitative research can be used.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Qualitative Research Defined

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Confirmability establishes that the findings are derived from the ______ collected.

A. data

B. opinions

C. monies

D. participants

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. In qualitative research, what is the instrument for data collection and analysis?

A. researcher

B. participant

C. hypothesis

D. measurement tool

Learning Objective: 8.1: Identify the ways in which qualitative research can be used.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Qualitative Research Defined

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. If a researcher is homophobic, which of the following may be impacted?

A. connectivity

B. responsibility

C. reflexivity

D. knowledge

Learning Objective: 8.1: Identify the ways in which qualitative research can be used.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Qualitative Research Defined

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Dependability focuses on demonstrating the consistency of the research process, where both research and phenomenon appear to be ______.

A. stable

B. false

C. true

D. unstable

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Thick description refers to the detailed account of the research process, context, and the ______.

A. researchers

B. surveys

C. participants

D. analysis

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which type of sample would you use if you wanted to compare different subgroups?

A. intentional

B. stratified purposive

C. intentional purposive

D. stratified

Learning Objective: 8.2: Differentiate between the various sampling strategies employed in qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sampling Strategies Used in Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. ______ strategy involves selecting persons from the target population based on a criterion established by the researcher

A. Criterion sampling

B. Critical case sampling

C. Opportunistic sampling

D. Intensity sampling

Learning Objective: 8.2: Differentiate between the various sampling strategies employed in qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sampling Strategies Used in Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which type of sampling involves selecting participants based on having the most positive or most negative experiences?

A. critical case sampling

B. extreme or deviant case sampling

C. confirming or disconfirming sampling

D. intensity sampling

Learning Objective: 8.2: Differentiate between the various sampling strategies employed in qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sampling Strategies Used in Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. ______ saturation is the process of collecting and analyzing data until all relevant information has been collected that is needed to gain complete insights into the topic.

A. Intentional

B. Hypothetical

C. Theoretical

D. Reflective

Learning Objective: 8.2: Differentiate between the various sampling strategies employed in qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sampling Strategies Used in Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Why would a researcher stop gathering qualitative data?

A. There is no new insight to be found.

B. The researcher is bored.

C. A participant asks for the study to be stopped.

D. The researcher realizes the hypothesis is probably wrong.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Differentiate between the various sampling strategies employed in qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sampling Strategies Used in Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. How many participants should you interview if you are doing ethnographic research?

A. 1–15

B. 15–30

C. 25–45

D. 30–50

Learning Objective: 8.2: Differentiate between the various sampling strategies employed in qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sampling Strategies Used in Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Why is the number of participants for an ethnographic research study important?

A. It increases researcher funding.

B. It allows researchers to cherry pick the participants.

C. It provides the most well-rounded information.

D. It ensures that the hypothesis will be proven.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Differentiate between the various sampling strategies employed in qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sampling Strategies Used in Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. ______ research involves examining a phenomenon by studying in-depth a single case.

A. Qualitative

B. Case study

C. Insight

D. Grounded

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Study

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Symbolic interaction indicates that the meaning people derive from events in their life is influenced by their ______.

A. personal beliefs

B. interactions with others

C. opinions

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Binding a case ensures that the topic is not too ______.

A. broad

B. limited

C. unique

D. biased

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Study

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. A single case is one where you limit your case to ______ organization(s).

A. two

B. one

C. five

D. twelve

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Study

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which of the following is done when a researcher examines the pattern in the data to see how it provides evidence related to the propositions?

A. generalized testing

B. pattern matching

C. pattern testing

D. generalized matching

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Study

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. ______ analysis involves examining the data for constructs, themes, or patterns.

A. Pattern matching

B. Inductive

C. Interpretational

D. Deductive

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Study

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Which type of interview is conversational in nature?

A. unstructured

B. semistructured

C. structured

D. direct

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Study

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Gaining an understanding of the people or community from their perspective is known as the ______ perspective.

A. anthropological

B. etic

C. emic

D. insider

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnographic Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Understanding people or a community from a researcher’s perspective is known as the ______ perspective.

A. emic

B. etic

C. intentional

D. relational

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnographic Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. What is the theory of understanding called?

A. epistemology

B. ontology

C. interpretivism

D. phenomenology

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnographic Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. What does ontology focus on?

A. the nature of opinion

B. opinions on others

C. the nature of reality

D. what can’t be known

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnographic Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. What is one way that an ethnographic researcher can gain access?

A. pay research participants

B. use previously gathered research from old files

C. ask a group leader to introduce you to group members

D. study social media feeds

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ethnographic Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Why would a researcher choose an ethnographic study rather than a case study?

A. because there are not enough participants to do a case study

B. to gain insight into a population of people

C. because the funding source asked for it

D. since they are the same, the researcher just chooses which they prefer

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ethnographic Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which of the following could be a serious problem for a researcher doing ethnographic research?

A. participant lack of lived experience

B. not gaining access

C. too many participants interested

D. having too much material to sort through

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ethnographic Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Why should a researcher begin phenomenological research by bracketing?

A. to understand what preconceptions already exist

B. to create study parameters

C. to set the participant requirements

D. to be clear in what information they want in participant consent forms

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Phenomenological Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. ______ refers to the researcher providing enough detailed description of the research so that the readers can decide whether the findings are applicable to the individuals which they work with or setting in which they work.

A. Confirmability

B. Dependability

C. Reliability

D. Transferability

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. How does a phenomenological researcher’s coding impact the results?

A. It makes the study go faster.

B. It fills in the methodology section of the study for publication.

C. Participants are hinted at what to say in their interviews.

D. It develops themes from the participants’ perspectives.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Differentiate between the various types of qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Phenomenological Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. ______ refers to the “believability” of the study.

A. Trustworthiness

B. Reliability

C. Creditability

D. Validity

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. ______ involves the researcher asking the participants to review the findings of the study to determine whether they accurately reflect what was said and confirm the researcher’s interpretation of the data.

A. Participant review

B. Member checking

C. Study analysis

D. Validation

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Negative case analysis refers to examining the data to determine if there are cases that disconfirm the researcher’s findings.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Creating an auditory trail by journaling one’s thoughts and feelings throughout the research process is another way to establish creditability.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Triangulation is done by looking for consistency in information across the various sources used to collect the data.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. A researcher may commit to living in the area they are researching for 6 months in order to establish prolonged engagement.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. In order to be challenged on findings and to ensure that the research team is not missing key areas of focus or key problems, they should do a peer debriefing with members of their research team.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. How could a peer debriefing lead to the suspension or invalidation of your research study?

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Why is it unethical to use quotes that have been modified to change the original intent of the participants?

Learning Objective: 8.5: Identify the ethical and diversity issues associated with qualitative research methods.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethics and Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Dependability can be established by using a reflexive journal. What should be included in a reflexive journal?

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How can multiple cases indicate transferability?

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Why is grounded theory so difficult for data coding?

Learning Objective: 8.4: Establish the trustworthiness of the data collected for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Criteria for Ensuring the Trustworthiness of the Data

Difficulty Level: Medium