Ch8 Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, And Physical Exam Questions

Chapter 8: Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Physical Activity

Multiple Choice

1. Obesity can be clinically defined as:

A) a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2.

B) a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m2.

C) a body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m2.

D) a body mass index (BMI) greater than 20 kg/m2.

E) a body mass index (BMI) greater than 40 kg/m2.

2. Negative health outcomes associated with obesity include which of the following?

A) Risk of cardiovascular disease

B) Hypertension

C) Certain types of cancer

D) Risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension

E) All of these are correct.

3. In the U.S., what percentage of American adults are classified as obese?

A) Greater than 30%

B) Greater than 40%

C) Greater than 20%

D) Less than 40%

E) Greater than 10%

4. Comparing rural areas to urban areas, the prevalence of obesity is:

A) higher.

B) lower.

C) the same.

D) unknown.

E) undecided.

5. Reasons for the rise of obesity in the U.S. include:

A) poor dietary habits.

B) excess calorie consumption.

C) increased sedentary behavior.

D) poor dietary habits and excess calorie consumption only.

E) All of these are correct.

6. The discrepancy in the prevalence of obesity between rural and urban areas is related to:

A) genetic influence.

B) socioeconomic factors.

C) community-based factors.

D) All of these are correct.

E) None of these is correct.

7. Assumptions leading to limitations in the sole use of BMI for obesity diagnosis include:

A) there are no racial/ethnic disparities between BMI and adiposity.

B) older adults do not experience muscle wasting.

C) athletes do not gain muscle mass from regular strength/resistance training.

D) All of these are correct.

E) None of these is correct.

8. The 2015-2020 overarching dietary guidelines for Americans comprises of all the following except:

A) limiting calories from added sugar.

B) supporting healthier eating patterns.

C) consuming nutrient dense foods.

D) consuming a paucity of vegetables.

E) shifting to healthier food.

9. All of the following would lead to a fall in the average calorie intake in the U.S. except:

A) smaller portion sizes.

B) decreased prevalence of cheap processed food.

C) smaller amount of calories consumed away from home.

D) exceeding the dietary guidelines for sodium intake.

E) None of these is correct.

10. Over the last several decades, daily calorie intake has an average surplus of:

A) over 100 kcal/day.

B) over 200 kcal/day.

C) over 300 kcal/day.

D) over 400 kcal/day.

E) over 500 kcal/day.

11. Exercise guidelines recommend accumulating:

A) 100-200 minutes of moderate exercise each week for health retention and promotion.

B) 150-300 minutes of vigorous exercise each week for health retention and promotion.

C) 150-300 minutes of moderate exercise each week for health retention and promotion.

D) 75-150 minutes of moderate exercise each week for health retention and promotion.

E) 100-200 minutes of vigorous exercise each week for health retention and promotion.

12. A nationally representative sample of U.S. adults estimates that only _____ of rural community residents meet current exercise guidelines.

A) 17%

B) 18%

C) 19%

D) 20%

E) 21%

13. All of the following statements are correct except:

A) employees in the agricultural sector have a lower percentage of workers with higher cardiovascular fitness.

B) weight gain is associated with long working hours.

C) in American workers, obesity increases as time at work increases.

D) recent work trends that have reduced traditional occupations in rural areas limit expenditure of calories, thus promoting an obesogenic environment.

E) All of these are correct.

14. In the U.S., approximately ______ is prediabetic.

A) 1 in 2 adults

B) 1 in 3 adults

C) 1 in 4 adults

D) 1 in 5 adults

E) 1 in 6 adults

15. Diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes is which of the following?

A) fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl.

B) oral glucose tolerance test ≥ 140 mg/dl.

C) hemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5%.

D) All of these are correct.

E) None of these is correct.

True/False

1. True or False? There are potentially meaningful limitations to using only BMI as a diagnostic criterion for obesity.

2. True or False? Rural environments are often synonymous to areas with excess accessibility to nutritionally dense foods.

3. True or False? In a rural setting, less economic resources contribute to age-associated obesity.

4. True or False? It is commonplace to find optimal facilities and opportunities to perform physical activities in rural areas.

5. True or False? The U.S. dietary guidelines is a tool designed to aid the American public into making healthful nutritional choices.

6. True or False? Adherence to the U.S. dietary guideline recommendations is not intended to afford its followers a healthy lifestyle.

7. True or False? The cause of obesity is complex and multifactorial.

8. True or False? Higher intake of added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat do not contribute to chronic diseases.

9. True or False? Diet alone accounts for obesity-related health disparities between rural and urban populations.

10. True or False? Epigenetics is defined as the study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA.

11. True or False? Obesity is not a major independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

12. True or False? Even with appropriate lifestyle changes and medication compliance, it is not possible for some type 2 diabetic patients to avoid insulin therapy completely.

13. True or False? Regular physical activity can improve glycemic control even in the absence of weight loss.

14. True or False? Regular exercise is recommended for individuals with type 2 diabetes to aid in the maintenance of blood glucose levels.

15. True or False? Exercise can cause complications associated with type 2 diabetes.

Essay

1. Following a rural community monitoring and evaluation assignment, you recorded that the main barrier to physical active lifestyle was lack of motivation. How would you overcome this barrier and increase community participation in physical activity?

2. Mention effective interventions that can be implemented to reduce obesogenic health disparities in the rural areas and give reasons why you believe these approaches are effective.

3. By applying systems thinking to the prevention of obesity (and its long-term complications), what measures do you propose need to be addressed, in what sectors, and how do you suggest achieving them?