Chapter 8: Race and Ethnic Group Stratification: Beyond “Us” and “Them”

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ are groups of people with distinct physical or cultural characteristics who are singled out from others in their society for differential and unequal treatment.

a. Ethnic groups

b. Minority groups

c. Racial groups

d. Out-groups

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Characterizes Racial and Ethnic Groups?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. A(n) ______ is a socially created concept that identifies a group as “different,” usually on the basis of ancestry or certain physical characteristics.

a. race

b. ethnicity

c. minority

d. enclave

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Concept of Race

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The first time humans were systematically classified into different races was in ______.

a. 1859 by Charles Darwin

b. 1869 Louis Agassiz

c. 1925 by Adolf Hitler

d. 1735 by Carl von Linné

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Concept of Race

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Who became known as the “father of modern racism” for his book Essay on Inequality of the Human Races, published in 1853–1855?

a. Comte de Gobineau

b. Josiah C. Nott

c. Henry Hotze

d. Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Social Construction of Race

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Which of the following was a conclusion of the United Nations’ 1978 Declaration on Race and Race Prejudice?

a. People are born unequal in dignity and in rights.

b. Racial conflicts are not to be considered the burden of the international community.

c. Racial prejudice impedes personal development.

d. Problems arising from race relations are biological in origin.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Social Construction of Race

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Sociologists study race because it is ______.

a. understood consistently across time

b. well-defined

c. socially significant

d. scientifically accurate

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionist Analysis of the Social Construction of Race

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Before the civil right laws were passed in the United States in the 1960s, a number of states had ______ that spelled out differential treatment for racial groups.

a. Dred Scott laws

b. One-Drop laws

c. Apartheid laws

d. Jim Crow laws

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionist Analysis of the Social Construction of Race

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which of the following statements is true regarding the continuing significance of race in the United States?

a. The life expectancy of Black Americans is 4.4 years less than the average life expectancy of all other races combined.

b. When controlling for education level, income levels for Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites are nearly equal.

c. Education levels minimize, but do not eradicate the gap in unemployment rates by race and ethnicity.

d. In 99% of neighborhoods in the United States, Black women earn less than White women raised by families with comparable incomes.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Continuing Significance of Race

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Which of the following are based on cultural factors, including language, religion, customs, values, and norms?

a. ethnic groups

b. minority groups

c. racial groups

d. reference groups

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnic Groups

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Which of the following statements is true regarding multiracial Americans?

a. Despite new immigration, rates of intermarriage are declining.

b. White-Asian adults are the largest multiracial group.

c. Over 50% of children living with two parents have parents of different races.

d. About 7% of adults come from more than one racial background.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Multiracial Populations: Immigration, Intermarriage, and Personal Identification

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. ______ refers to preconceived attitudes about a group, while ______ refers to differential treatment and harmful actions against minorities.

a. Prejudice; discrimination

b. Discrimination; Prejudice

c. Racism; scapegoating

d. Scapegoating; racism

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prejudice: Micro-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Eric saw a woman wearing a hijab on the subway. He immediately had negative feelings towards her because of her religious affiliation. Eric’s response is an example of which of the following?

a. stereotyping

b. prejudice

c. racism

d. discrimination

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prejudice: Micro-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Amelia assumes that all Black Americans like watermelon and fried chicken. This is an example of which of the following?

a. stereotyping

b. discrimination

c. scapegoating

d. xenophobia

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prejudice: Micro-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. A cake shop owner in Colorado refused to sell a wedding cake to a gay couple. This is an example of which of the following?

a. stereotyping

b. prejudice

c. discrimination

d. scapegoating

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prejudice: Micro-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Which theory claims that many of those who carry out acts of racial discrimination feel angry and frustrated because they cannot attain what they desire?

a. structural functionalist theory

b. frustration-aggression theory

c. intersection theory

d. pluralist theory

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Frustration-Aggression Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. What occurs when a minority group is blamed for others’ failures and shortcomings?

a. a self-fulfilling prophecy

b. prejudice

c. stereotyping

d. scapegoating

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Frustration-Aggression Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Lily teaches her children that race doesn’t matter. This is an example of which of the following?

a. a color-blind perspective

b. scapegoating

c. institutional racism

d. bigotry

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Color-Blind Ideology and Racism Evasiveness

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. What is the effect of holding a color-blind perspective?

a. It acknowledges the invisible privileges of Whites in society.

b. It allows discrimination hidden within society’s institutions to remain in place.

c. It accepts the fact that for many people of color, their skin color is integral to their identity and experience.

d. It challenges racism evasiveness.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Color-Blind Ideology and Racism Evasiveness

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. ______ racial discrimination is any meso-level institutional arrangement that favors one racial group over another.

a. Side-effect

b. Past-in-present

c. Individual

d. Institutional

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Discrimination: Meso-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Former Seattle mayor Greg Nickels noticed that there were many burned out streetlights in Southeast Seattle when he toured the neighborhood in 2008. When he looked into the issue, he discovered that it was policy to wait until a resident reported an outage to replace the bulb. Most residents of the neighborhood were racial minorities, many of whom didn’t feel comfortable interacting with government officials. Additionally, nearly half of residents were refugees, some of whom didn’t have the language skills necessary to report an outage. This policy was an example of which of the following?

a. unintentional institutional discrimination

b. intentional institutional discrimination

c. side-effect discrimination

d. past-in-present discrimination

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Discrimination: Meso-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. Apartheid legislation in South Africa was an example of which of the following?

a. unintentional institutional discrimination

b. intentional institutional discrimination

c. side-effect discrimination

d. past-in-present discrimination

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Discrimination: Meso-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Minority groups in the United States have, on average, significantly lower net worth than White Americans, even when the two have similar education, income, and occupations. Sociologists partially attribute the wealth gap to discriminatory housing policies common before the Fair Housing Act of 1968. This is an example of which of the following?

a. scapegoating

b. stereotyping

c. side-effect discrimination

d. past-in-present discrimination

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline effects of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Discrimination: Meso-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. The Srebrenica massacre, in which the Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) killed more than 8,000 Bosniaks, is an example of a ______.

a. genocide

b. subjugation

c. population transfer

d. assimilation

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dominant-Group Policies to Manage Racial and Ethnic Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Segregation is a form of which of the following?

a. genocide

b. subjugation

c. population transfer

d. assimilation

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dominant-Group Policies to Manage Racial and Ethnic Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. What term refers to the removal, often forced, of a minority group from a region or country?

a. subjugation

b. segregation

c. population transfer

d. genocide

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dominant-Group Policies to Manage Racial and Ethnic Relations

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. The structural and cultural merging of minority and majority groups that results in minority members losing their original identity refers to ______.

a. pluralism

b. cultural relativism

c. transnationalism

d. assimilation

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dominant-Group Policies to Manage Racial and Ethnic Relations

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. ______ occurs when each ethnic group or racial group in a country maintains its own culture, including language and sometimes a separate set of institutions.

a. Pluralism

b. Assimilation

c. Transnationalism

d. Passing

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dominant-Group Policies to Manage Racial and Ethnic Relations

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Which of the following is necessary to have pluralism in a society?

a. a numerically large minority group

b. a social class stratification system

c. legal protection of distinct group(s)

d. one clear minority group and one clear dominant group

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dominant-Group Policies to Manage Racial and Ethnic Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Which of the following minority reactions to group contact involves attempting to look like the dominant group?

a. acceptance

b. passing

c. aggression

d. avoidance

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline the effect of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Micro-Level Coping Strategies

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Although Ting is greatly disadvantaged by her culture’s treatment of women, she largely accepts her position as the childcare provider for her family and has little desire to change the structure of her family. Ting exhibits which of the following reactions to discrimination?

a. assimilation

b. acceptance

c. avoidance

d. aggression

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline the effect of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Micro-Level Coping Strategies

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Marcus Garvey’s Back-to-Africa movement in the 1920s was an example of which of the following coping strategies?

a. avoidance

b. aggression

c. assimilation

d. acceptance

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline the effect of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Micro-Level Coping Strategies

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Comedians like Dave Chappelle, who use their art to make satirical commentary about race relations in the United States, use which of the following coping strategies?

a. indirect aggression

b. direct aggression

c. displaced aggression

d. change-oriented aggression

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline the effect of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Micro-Level Coping Strategies

Difficulty Level: Hard

33. Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Cesar Chavez used ______ to bring about institutional and societal change.

a. covert resistance

b. passive resistance

c. nonviolent resistance

d. militant resistance

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline the effect of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Meso- and Macro-Level Efforts to Bring Change: Resistance

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Which of the following is true of Durkheim’s view of prejudice, discrimination, and institutional racism?

a. He divided social inequalities into individual social inequalities and institutional social inequalities.

b. He argued that the existence of external inequality in an industrial society indicates that its institutions aren’t functioning well.

c. He argued that the existence of inequality is functional because minority groups provide a cheap pool of labor to perform menial unskilled jobs.

d. He argued that the exploitation of minority groups is built into the capitalist system.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline the effect of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural-Functional Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

35. The existence of a sector of “clean” jobs and a sector of “dirty” jobs is the key assumption of ______ theory.

a. structural-functional

b. frustration-aggression

c. symbolic interactionist

d. split labor market

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline the effect of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Which of the following solutions addresses racism at the group level?

a. human rights movements

b. education reforms

c. positive contact

d. counseling

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Policies to Reduce Prejudice, Racism, and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Which of the following solutions addresses racism at the societal level?

a. global political pressures

b. education reform

c. positive contact

d. therapy

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Policies to Reduce Prejudice, Racism, and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. The central idea of ______ is that sometimes people must be treated differently in order to treat them fairly and create equality.

a. preference policies

b. privilege policies

c. quota systems

d. strict affirmative action

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Affirmative Action

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. A ______ is a requirement that employers hire a certain percentage of minorities.

a. preference policy

b. strict affirmative action policy

c. quota system

d. privilege policy

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Affirmative Action

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. What policies have created the most controversy among opponents of affirmative action?

a. quota systems

b. preference policies

c. privilege policies

d. strict affirmative action

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Affirmative Action

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Dominant groups are always in the numerical majority.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Minority Groups

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Racial categories are biological constructions.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Social Construction of Race

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. According to most sociologists, race is a social construct that can vary over time and place.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Construction of Race

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. In the 19^th century, many used pseudoscientific rankings of social groups to justify slavery and colonialism.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Social Construction of Race

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Over the history of United States, the racial classifications on the Census have stayed the same.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic group.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionist Analysis of the Social Construction of Race

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Blacks have their cars searched far more often than Whites even though Whites are more likely to have drugs or illegal materials in their cars.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline effects of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Continuing Significance of Race

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. According to the 2010 Census, African Americans make up the largest ethnic group in the United States.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnic Groups

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Prejudice refers to differential treatment and harmful actions against minorities.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nature of Prejudice

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. According to frustration-aggression theory, many of the perpetrators of racist acts feel angry because they cannot get what they want.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Frustration-Aggression Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Promoters of the color-blind ideology maintain that we should all act as though we are “color-blind” when it comes to race and avoid the topic in personal interactions.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Color-Blind Ideology and Racism Evasiveness

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Those who have a color-blind perspective on race notice the invisible privileges of Whites in U.S. society.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Color-Blind Ideology and Racism Evasiveness

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Institutional racism can either be intentional or unintentional.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Discrimination: Meso-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Side-effect discrimination is a form of intentional institutional discrimination.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Discrimination: Meso-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The forced movement of Native Americans to reservations in the U.S. is an example of pluralism.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dominant Group Policies to Manage Racial and Ethnic Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Assimilation is more likely to occur when the minority group is culturally similar to the dominant group.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dominant Group Policies to Manage Racial and Ethnic Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Passing often involves abandoning one’s own culture and turning one’s back on family groups.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Micro-Level Coping Strategies

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Durkheim divided social inequalities into internal (based on people’s natural abilities) and external (those forced upon people).

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline effects of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural-Functional Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. From the conflict perspective, maintaining a cheap pool of laborers serves several purposes for society.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline effects of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural-Functional Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. According to conflict theory, creating a less powerful group protects the dominant group’s advantages.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline effects of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Split labor market theory is a branch of the structural-functionalist perspective.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline effects of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. All contact reduces prejudice.

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Group Contact

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Sociologists argue that micro-level strategies to reduce discrimination are more effective than institutional and societal approaches.

Ans; F

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Institutional and Social Strategies to Improve Group Relations

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. In strict affirmative action policies, after making an effort to seek a diverse applicant pool, employers are expected to hire the most qualified candidate who applies for the position.

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Affirmative Action

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. The courts have largely upheld quota systems when challenged.

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Affirmative Action

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Preference policies are based on the concept of equity—the belief that sometimes people must be treated differently in order to be treated fairly.

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Affirmative Action

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. What factors characterize minority groups and their relations with dominant groups in society?

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Minority Groups

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What do sociologists mean when they say that race is socially significant?

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionist Analysis of the Social Construction of Race

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. What are the most common push-pull factors today that drive people to the United States?

Learning Objective: 8.1: Distinguish between racial and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Multiracial Populations: Immigration, Intermarriage, and Personal Identification

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Compare and contrast prejudice and discrimination. Provide an example of each.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prejudice: Micro-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Explain why the color-blind ideology is problematic.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Color-Blind Ideology and Racism Evasiveness

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. What is institutional racial discrimination? Provide an example of intentional institutional racial discrimination and an example of unintentional institutional racial discrimination.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe the difference between prejudice and discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Discrimination: Meso-Level Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Define subjugation. Provide two different historical examples.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dominant-Group Policies to Manage Racial and Ethnic Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Compare and contrast assimilation and pluralism. Under what conditions is assimilation or pluralism most likely to occur?

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dominant-Group Policies to Manage Racial and Ethnic Relations

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. List and briefly discuss the four micro-level coping strategies.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Outline effects of prejudice, racism, and discrimination on minority and dominant groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Micro-Level Coping Strategies

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Do functionalists view prejudice, discrimination, and institutional racism as functional or dysfunctional for society? Explain.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural-Functional Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. According to conflict theorists, what are the three critical factors that contribute to animosity between groups?

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Conflict theory has taught us a great deal about racial and ethnic stratification, but it—like any theoretical perspective—has its shortcoming. Discuss a common criticism of the conflict perspective of racial and ethnic stratification.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Provide examples of dominant and minority group contact in the world today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Evaluate a micro-, meso-, or macro-level attempt to either end preferential treatment toward a dominant group or the disadvantage of a minority group. In your essay, highlight the desired change intended by the policy or practice. Also, evaluate the effectiveness of the policy or practice’s efforts to meet its intended goal.

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Policies to Reduce Prejudice, Racism, and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Discuss the idea behind group contact as a means for improving dominant-minority group relations. Provide an example of a scenario in which you think this tactic would work, and a second example of a scenario in which it wouldn’t work.

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Group Contact

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. Compare and contrast the three policies associated with affirmative action.

Learning Objective: 8.5: Describe efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequality at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Affirmative Action

Difficulty Level: Medium