Ch7 | The Nervous System – Test Bank – 15th Ed - Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox by Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski. DOCX document preview.
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Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)
Chapter 7 The Nervous System
1) Both neurons and neuroglia will easily divide by mitosis.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Development of the nervous system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
2) Most brain tumors in adults are found within neurons.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
3) Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Anatomical and functional organization of the nervous system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
4) Axonal transport ________.
A) uses molecular motors
B) can only transport signals in a retrograde direction
C) has two fast and one slow components
D) is a passive process
Section: 07.01
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
5) Retrograde transport ________.
A) moves toward the cell body
B) moves membranes, vesicles, and viruses
C) uses molecular motor proteins of dynein
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).; H03.02f Describe how the anatomy of each type of neuron supports its function.
6) Choose the statement that correctly describes the structure or function of dendrites.
A) Transmit action potentials away from the cell body
B) Are thin extensions of the axon
C) Transmit graded electrochemical impulses toward the cell body
D) Release neurotransmitters to initiate graded potentials in adjacent cells
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neurons; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).; H03.02f Describe how the anatomy of each type of neuron supports its function.
7) Retrograde axonal transport may be responsible for movement of herpes virus, rabies virus, and tetanus toxin from nerve terminals to the cell body.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
8) Sensory neurons ________.
A) are multipolar, and carry impulses toward the CNS
B) are pseudounipolar, and carry impulses toward the CNS
C) are bipolar, and carry impulses away from the CNS
D) are multipolar, and carry impulses away from the CNS
Section: 07.01
Topic: Anatomical and functional organization of the nervous system; Microscopic anatomy of neurons
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).; H03.02f Describe how the anatomy of each type of neuron supports its function.
9) Structural classifications of neurons do NOT include ________.
A) motor neurons
B) bipolar neurons
C) multipolar neurons
D) pseudounipolar neurons
Section: 07.01
Topic: Anatomical and functional organization of the nervous system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
10) Somatic motor neurons innervate involuntary effectors.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Anatomical and functional organization of the nervous system; Comparisons of somatic and autonomic nervous systems
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
11) Which division of the nervous system innervates involuntary effectors?
A) Central nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Autonomic nervous system
D) Associative nervous system
Section: 07.01
Topic: Anatomical and functional organization of the nervous system; Comparisons of somatic and autonomic nervous systems
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
12) What type of neuron is found entirely in the CNS?
A) Sensory neuron
B) Interneuron
C) Association neuron
D) Both interneuron and association neuron are correct.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Anatomical and functional organization of the nervous system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
13) A bundle of axons in the CNS is called a ________.
A) nerve
B) bundle
C) tract
D) neuron
Section: 07.01
Topic: Anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves; Microscopic anatomy of neurons
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).; H03.02b Identify soma (cell body), axon, and dendrites.; H03.06 Differentiate between a nerve and a CNS tract.
14) Which type of cell of the CNS is phagocytic?
A) Microglia
B) Satellite cells
C) Ependymal cells
D) Oligodendrocytes
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neuroglia
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).; H03.03a List four types of CNS glial cells.; H03.03b Describe functions for each of those cells.
15) The myelin sheaths of CNS neurons are produced by ________.
A) Schwann cells
B) oligodendrocytes
C) ependymal cells
D) leukocytes
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neuroglia
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).; H03.03a List four types of CNS glial cells.; H03.03b Describe functions for each of those cells.
16) Which type of cell lines the ventricles of the brain and help produce cerebrospinal fluid?
A) Microglia
B) Satellite cells
C) Ependymal cells
D) Oligodendrocytes
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neuroglia
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).; H03.03a List four types of CNS glial cells.; H03.03b Describe functions for each of those cells.
17) The myelin sheaths of PNS neurons are produced by ________.
A) Schwann cells
B) oligodendrocytes
C) ependymal cells
D) leukocytes
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neuroglia
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).; H03.04a List two types of PNS glial cells; H03.04b Describe functions for each of those cells.
18) Cells supporting neuron cell bodies in ganglia are termed ________.
A) astrocytes
B) ependymal cells
C) satellite cells
D) Schwann cells
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neuroglia
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS).; H03.04a List two types of PNS glial cells; H03.04b Describe functions for each of those cells.
19) What structure, found surrounding PNS axons, is NOT found surrounding CNS axons?
A) Nodes of Ranvier
B) Myelin sheath
C) Neurilemma
D) Plasma membrane
Section: 07.01
Topic: Anatomical and functional organization of the nervous system; Microscopic anatomy of neurons
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
20) All axons in the PNS have a myelin sheath.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
21) Destruction of astrocytes would decrease the rate at which action potentials are transmitted.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.03b Describe functions for each of those cells.; H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
22) Action potential transmission in the PNS is decreased if which cells are damaged?
A) Astrocytes
B) Microglia
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Schwann cells
Section: 07.01
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.04b Describe functions for each of those cells.; H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
23) The gap of exposed axon in the myelin sheath is the ________.
A) neurilemma
B) node of Ranvier
C) sheath of Schwann
D) white matter
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neurons; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.04b Describe functions for each of those cells.; H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
24) The term "white matter" refers to ________.
A) myelinated axons in the CNS
B) myelinated axons in the PNS
C) nonmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites in the CNS
D) nonmyelinated axons in the CNS
Section: 07.01
Topic: Anatomical and functional organization of the nervous system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
25) Axonal regeneration is inhibited by ________.
A) brain-derived neurotrophic factor
B) nerve growth factor
C) neurotrophin-3
D) myelin-associated inhibitory protein
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neurons; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
26) Degeneration of spinal motor neurons in adults may be due to a lack of ________ factor.
A) brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF)
B) neurotrophin-3
C) nerve growth (NGF)
D) glial-derived neurotrophic (GDNF)
Section: 07.01
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.03c Explain how the anatomy of each CNS glial cell supports its function.; H16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the nervous system could not maintain homeostasis
27) Neurotrophins are NOT responsible for ________.
A) maintaining sympathetic ganglion
B) sustaining neurons that use the NT dopamine
C) embryonic development of neurons
D) regeneration of injured motor neurons
Section: 07.01
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Microscopic anatomy of neurons
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the nervous system that could disrupt homeostasis.
28) The most numerous of all cells of CNS nervous tissue are the ________.
A) astrocytes
B) neurons
C) Schwann cells
D) microglia
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neuroglia
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.03a List four types of CNS glial cells.; H08.04 Describe the structural basis for, and the importance of the blood brain barrier.
29) Astrocytes are NOT involved in ________.
A) uptake of NT from a synapse
B) stimulation or inhibition neurons
C) formation of synapses in the CNS
D) breakdown and engulfment of foreign material in the CNS
E) formation the blood-brain barrier
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neuroglia
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.03b Describe functions for each of those cells.; H08.04 Describe the structural basis for, and the importance of the blood brain barrier.
30) The blood-brain barrier prevents hydrophobic molecules from diffusing into the brain.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neuroglia
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.03c Explain how the anatomy of each CNS glial cell supports its function.; H08.04 Describe the structural basis for, and the importance of the blood brain barrier.
31) The blood-brain barrier results mostly from the action of ________, a type of neuroglia.
A) ependymal cells
B) microglia
C) astrocytes
D) oligodendrocytes
Section: 07.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neuroglia
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H03.03c Explain how the anatomy of each CNS glial cell supports its function.; H08.04 Describe the structural basis for, and the importance of the blood brain barrier.
32) If a cell's membrane is not excitable, this means that ________.
A) the cell is a neuron
B) the cell cannot be depolarized under any conditions
C) the cell cannot vary the permeability of the membrane to specific ions
D) the cell does not have a measurable voltage
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.
33) The membrane of resting nerve cells is more permeable to ________ ions than ________ ions.
A) sodium, potassium
B) calcium, potassium
C) potassium, sodium
D) chloride, potassium
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.02 Explain how ion channels affect neuron selective permeability.; H04.03 Contrast the relative concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride ions inside and outside of a cell.
34) The average resting membrane potential of an axon is ________.
A) −70 mV
B) −85 mV
C) 0 mV
D) +30 mV
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.
35) Ion channels that open in response to depolarization are called ________.
A) ion-gated channels
B) voltage-gated channels
C) stimulation-gated channels
D) potential-gated channels
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.06d Describe the voltage-gated ion channels that are essential for development of the action potential.; H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.
36) A drug that blocked ________ channels would prevent neuron ________.
A) K+; depolarization
B) Na+; hyperpolarization
C) Na+; depolarization
D) Ca2+; repolarization
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.06b Explain how passive ion channels cause development of the resting membrane potential in neurons.; H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.
37) During an action potential ________.
A) Na+ efflux causes depolarization
B) K+ influx causes repolarization
C) Na+ influx causes depolarization
D) K+ influx causes after-hyperpolarization
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.06d Describe the voltage-gated ion channels that are essential for development of the action potential.; H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.
38) In order to prevent a patient from experiencing pain, local anesthetics must ________ in sensory neurons, which would prevent an action potential.
A) inhibit the release of acetylcholine
B) bind to potassium channels
C) bind to sodium channels
D) bind to calcium channels
Section: 07.02
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.06b Explain how passive ion channels cause development of the resting membrane potential in neurons.; H04.06d Describe the voltage-gated ion channels that are essential for development of the action potential.; H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.
39) Depolarization of an axon is a positive feedback mechanism because ________.
A) as more sodium channels open, the membrane potential decreases
B) as more potassium channels open, the membrane potential decreases
C) as more sodium diffuses into the axon, the more voltage-gated potassium channels open
D) as more sodium diffuses into the axon, the more voltage-gated sodium channels open
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission; Types of homeostatic mechanisms
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.; H04.10 Discuss the role of positive feedback in generation of the action potential.
40) An axon will depolarize only if the membrane potential reaches between -70mV and -55mV. This follows the ________.
A) all-or-none law
B) recruitment law
C) graduated law
D) threshold law
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.; H04.09 Define threshold.
41) The minimum depolarization needed to open Na+ gates is called the ________.
A) repolarization
B) threshold
C) refractory period
D) all-or-none law
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.; H04.09 Define threshold.
42) During the absolute refractory period, a supramaximal stimulus can bring the cell to threshold.
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.12c Discuss the consequence of a neuron having an absolute refractory period.
43) The period of time when Na+ channels are recovering from their inactive state and K+ channels are still open is the ________.
A) repolarization
B) absolute refractory period
C) relative refractory period
D) Both repolarization and relative refractory period are correct.
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.12b Explain the physiological basis of the absolute and relative refractory periods.
44) Which ion's movement is responsible for repolarization?
A) Influx of K+
B) Influx of Na+
C) Outward diffusion of K+
D) Outward diffusion of Na+
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.03 Contrast the relative concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride ions inside and outside of a cell.; H04.08 Describe the role of the sodium-potassium exchange pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential and making continued action potentials possible.
45) What is needed to return a membrane to its resting membrane potential, with all ions in the correct locations?
A) Influx of negatively charged ions into the cell
B) Outflow of Na+ ions via passive ion channels
C) Na+/K+ pump action
D) Outflow of K+ ions via passive ion channels
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.08 Describe the role of the sodium-potassium exchange pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential and making continued action potentials possible.
46) How do neurons code for a greater response?
A) Greater amplitude of stimuli
B) Greater Na+ concentration gradient
C) Increased frequency of stimuli
D) More active Na+/K+ pump
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.
47) As the intensity of a stimulus increases, more axons will become activated. This process is called ________.
A) threshold
B) refraction
C) recruitment
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.
48) An inactivated ion channel will respond to a stronger than normal threshold stimulus.
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.02 Explain how ion channels affect neuron selective permeability.; H04.12c Discuss the consequence of a neuron having an absolute refractory period.
49) Both depolarization and repolarization are produced by the diffusion of ions down their concentration gradient.
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.03 Contrast the relative concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride ions inside and outside of a cell.; H05.10 Explain how movement of sodium ions alone, or movement of both sodium and potassium ions, across the postsynaptic cell membrane can excite a neuron.
50) Since diffusion of ions down their concentration gradients is a passive process, ATP does not influence the ability of a cell to be depolarized and repolarized.
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.
51) What is NOT true of the relative refractory period?
A) Na+ channels are inactivated.
B) Many Na+ channels are returning to a closed state.
C) K+ is moving out of the axon through its open channels.
D) A strong stimulus could cause a depolarization.
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.12b Explain the physiological basis of the absolute and relative refractory periods.
52) Conduction without decrement means that action potentials transmitted down an axon will not decrease in amplitude.
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
53) Action potentials would be conducted most rapidly by ________.
A) a 10 mm diameter myelinated axon
B) a 10 mm diameter unmyelinated axon
C) a 40 mm diameter myelinated axon
D) a 40 mm diameter unmyelinated axon
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
54) Since sensory neurons for muscle position are the fastest conducting neurons, they would have a larger diameter than sensory neurons for touch, pain or pressure.
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
55) Conduction of an action potential in a myelinated axon is called ________.
A) point to point conduction
B) saltatory conduction
C) refractory conduction
D) cable conduction
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.; H04.13c Describe saltatory conduction.
56) The greater the number of depolarization regions on an axon, the faster the action potential will be conducted.
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.13a Describe how local circuit currents cause impulse conduction in an unmyelinated axon.; H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
57) Since the action potential "leaps" from node to node in a myelinated axon, ________.
A) myelinated axons need far less Na+ channels than unmyelinated axons
B) action potentials move faster if the nodes are farther apart
C) Na+ movement within the myelin sheath is possible
D) Na+ channels are not present between the nodes
Section: 07.02
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.13b Explain how axon diameter and myelination affect conduction velocity.
58) The synapses which occur between axons of presynaptic cells and dendrites of postsynaptic cells are called ________.
A) axodendritic
B) axosomatic
C) myoneural
D) axoaxonic
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.02 List the structures that comprise a chemical synapse.
59) Chemicals that stimulate action potentials in postsynaptic cells are called ________.
A) hormones
B) enzymes
C) neurotransmitters
D) neurotrophins
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.05 Discuss the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor.; H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.
60) Chemical synapses ________.
A) have a delayed impulse transmission
B) utilize gap junctions
C) occur when two nerve cells are in direct contact with each other
D) do not require the release of neurotransmitters
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.
61) Unlike chemical synapses, electrical synapses ________.
A) are the method of connection between adjacent neurons
B) allow communication between cells with larger distances between the membranes
C) provide adjacent cells with the ability to act in a coordinated fashion
D) are not dependent on the movement of ions across a plasma membrane
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.
62) What type of proteins are present in gap junctions that form water-filled channels between neurons?
A) Connexins
B) Myelin
C) Terminal boutons
D) Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.
63) What type of proteins are present at chemical synapses to ensure the close proximity of the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes?
A) Connexins
B) Myelin
C) Terminal boutons
D) Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.02 List the structures that comprise a chemical synapse.; H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.
64) Synaptic vesicles are docked to the plasma membrane of the axon terminal by a protein complex called ________.
A) boutons
B) connexins
C) synaptotagmins
D) SNARE
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.02 List the structures that comprise a chemical synapse.; H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.
65) Botulism toxin prevents release of ACh, causing ________.
A) flaccid paralysis
B) hemiplegia
C) spastic paralysis
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.03
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.; H16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the nervous system could not maintain homeostasis
66) A lack of extracellular Ca2+ would cause increased release of neurotransmitters.
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.; H16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the nervous system that could disrupt homeostasis.
67) Neurotransmitter release would be inhibited by ________.
A) stimulating repolarization of the axon terminal
B) blocking Ca2+ influx in the axon terminal
C) blocking repolarization of the axon terminal
D) stimulating protein kinase activity
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.; H16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the nervous system that could disrupt homeostasis.
68) Neurotransmitter action could be prevented, or disrupted, if a drug or other agent ________.
A) increased the expression of CAMs in the postsynaptic membrane
B) decreased the distance between the pre- and postsynaptic membranes
C) decreased the concentration of SNARE complexes in the postsynaptic cell
D) blocked voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the presynaptic membrane
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.; H16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the nervous system that could disrupt homeostasis.
69) Hyperpolarization in the postsynaptic cell is caused by ________.
A) excitatory postsynaptic potentials
B) inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
C) movement of K+ out of the cell
D) Both inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and movement of K+ out of the cell are correct.
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.08 Define excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and interpret graphs showing the voltage vs. time relationship of an EPSP and an IPSP.
70) Neurotransmitters ________.
A) are released by endocytosis
B) bind to voltage-gated channels
C) bind to chemically regulated channels
D) are actively transported across the synaptic cleft
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.
71) Synaptic transmission using acetylcholine would be disrupted by ________.
A) curare
B) botulinum toxin
C) strychnine
D) Both curare and botulinum toxin are correct.
Section: 07.03
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.18 Compare and contrast chemical and electrical synapses.
72) Choose the incorrect statement regarding EPSPs.
A) They are graded responses.
B) They are capable of summation.
C) They have a refractory period.
D) They are initiated by neurotransmitters.
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.08 Define excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and interpret graphs showing the voltage vs. time relationship of an EPSP and an IPSP.
73) What action would produce an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane?
A) Influx of Na+ ions
B) Opening of Ca2+ channels into the neuron
C) Outflow of K+ ions
D) Opening of Cl- channels into the neuron
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.08 Define excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and interpret graphs showing the voltage vs. time relationship of an EPSP and an IPSP.; H05.11 Explain how movement of potassium or chloride ions across the postsynaptic cell membrane can inhibit a neuron.
74) An EPSP is conducted in a decremental fashion to the axon hillock, where voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are opened. This creates an action potential in the first segment of the axon.
Section: 07.03
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.07 Describe the events of synaptic transmission in proper chronological order.; H05.08 Define excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and interpret graphs showing the voltage vs. time relationship of an EPSP and an IPSP.
75) The nicotinic ACh receptor is a ligand-gated channel.
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.06c Differentiate between voltage-gated and chemically-gated ion channels.
76) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential could be produced by a neurotransmitter that opens Cl- channels.
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.08 Define excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and interpret graphs showing the voltage vs. time relationship of an EPSP and an IPSP.; H05.11 Explain how movement of potassium or chloride ions across the postsynaptic cell membrane can inhibit a neuron.
77) Acetylcholine ________.
A) is always an excitatory neurotransmitter
B) can bind to adrenergic receptors
C) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released by motor neurons
D) can bind to nicotinic receptors
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.05 Discuss the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor.; H05.13 Explain how a single neurotransmitter may be excitatory at one synapse and inhibitory at another.
78) Muscarinic ACh receptors are found in all of the following locations EXCEPT ________.
A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle
D) glands
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.05 Discuss the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor.; H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
79) What do muscarine and nicotine have in common?
A) They are both antagonists for their respective receptors.
B) They are both agonists for their respective receptors.
C) They both activate-protein coupled channels.
D) They are both always excitatory.
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
80) Atropine is an agonist to nicotine.
Section: 07.04
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
81) Nicotinic receptors utilize G-proteins to regulate the opening of ion channels.
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.06c Differentiate between voltage-gated and chemically-gated ion channels.
82) What is the predominant effect of stimulation of nicotinic-gated channels?
A) Stimulation due to outflow of K+ ions
B) Inhibition due to outflow of K+ ions
C) Stimulation due to influx of Na+ ions
D) Inhibition due to influx of Cl- ions
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.10 Explain how movement of sodium ions alone, or movement of both sodium and potassium ions, across the postsynaptic cell membrane can excite a neuron.
83) Muscarinic ACh receptors act through ________ activation of K+ channels.
A) cGMP
B) G-protein
C) M-protein
D) ATP
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
84) Acetylcholine usually induces an excitatory postsynaptic potential when binding to ________ receptors and an inhibitory postsynaptic potential when binding to some ________ receptors.
A) NMDA; nicotinic
B) nicotinic; muscarinic
C) muscarinic; NMDA
D) muscarinic; nicotinic
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.13 Explain how a single neurotransmitter may be excitatory at one synapse and inhibitory at another.; H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
85) Acetylcholine can induce hyperpolarization by ________.
A) binding to nicotinic receptors
B) binding to muscarinic receptors
C) binding to α-adrenergic receptors
D) binding to β-adrenergic receptors
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.13 Explain how a single neurotransmitter may be excitatory at one synapse and inhibitory at another.; H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
86) If the binding of muscarine to its receptor in the heart causes the beta-gamma complex of the G-protein to bind to a K+ channel, ________.
A) the K+ channel will close, leading to depolarization
B) the K+ channel will open, leading to depolarization
C) the K+ channel will close, leading to hyperpolarization and inhibition
D) the K+ channel will open, leading to hyperpolarization and inhibition
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.05 Discuss the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor.; H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
87) What is the action of the binding of muscarine to its receptors in the digestive system?
A) Alpha subunits bind to K+ channels, close them, leading to depolarization.
B) Alpha subunits bind to K+ channels, open them, leading to hyperpolarization.
C) Beta-gamma subunits bind to K+ channels, close them, leading to depolarization.
D) Beta-gamma subunits bind to K+ channels, open them, leading to hyperpolarization.
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.05 Discuss the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor.; H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
88) Neostigmine, used to treat myasthenia gravis, blocks the enzyme that degrades ________. This helps treat the disease because ________.
A) acetylcholine; it destroys the antibodies that block nicotinic ACh receptors on the motor end plate
B) norepinephrine; it increases the amount of acetylcholine available to bind to receptors on the motor end plate
C) acetylcholine; it increases the amount of acetylcholine available to bind to receptors on the motor end plate
D) nicotine; it destroys the antibodies that block nicotinic ACh receptors on the motor end plate
Section: 07.04
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.07 Describe the events of synaptic transmission in proper chronological order.
89) Curare is a competitive ACh antagonist at ________ ACh receptors.
A) muscarinic
B) NMDA
C) kainate
D) nicotinic
Section: 07.04
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.05 Discuss the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor.; H05.07 Describe the events of synaptic transmission in proper chronological order.
90) Cholinergic fibers use ________ as the neurotransmitter.
A) norepinephrine
B) acetylcholine
C) dopamine
D) serotonin
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.05 Discuss the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor.; H05.07 Describe the events of synaptic transmission in proper chronological order.
91) What type of autonomic fibers release ACh at effectors?
A) Parasympathetic
B) Sympathetic
C) Somatic
D) Sensory
Section: 07.04
Topic: Anatomy of the parasympathetic division of the ANS; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H14.03 Name the neurotransmitters released at synapses with effector organs in the somatic and autonomic motor pathways and classify each effector response as excitatory or inhibitory.
92) Release of ACh at parasympathetic effectors is always stimulatory.
Section: 07.04
Topic: Anatomy of the parasympathetic division of the ANS; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H14.03 Name the neurotransmitters released at synapses with effector organs in the somatic and autonomic motor pathways and classify each effector response as excitatory or inhibitory.
93) At what region of the neuron are action potentials first produced?
A) Dendrites
B) Cell body
C) Initial segment of an axon
D) Axon hillock
Section: 07.04
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.07 Describe the events of synaptic transmission in proper chronological order.
94) What is present at the axon hillock that allows the production of action potentials?
A) Voltage-gated channels
B) Ligand-gated channels
C) Muscarinic receptors
D) Chemical-gated channels
Section: 07.04
Topic: Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.06d Describe the voltage-gated ion channels that are essential for development of the action potential.
95) What is NOT true of conduction through dendrites and cell bodies of neurons?
A) It creates EPSPs.
B) It is spread by cable properties.
C) EPSPs can summate to reach threshold.
D) It generates action potentials in the cell body.
Section: 07.04
Topic: Neural integration in the CNS; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H04.07 Discuss the sequence of events that must occur for an action potential to be generated.; H05.08 Define excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and interpret graphs showing the voltage vs. time relationship of an EPSP and an IPSP.
96) Which of the following is NOT classified as a catecholamine?
A) Norepinephrine
B) Epinephrine
C) Histamine
D) Dopamine
Section: 07.05
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
97) From which amino acid are dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine all derived?
A) Histidine
B) Tyrosine
C) Tryptophan
D) Serine
Section: 07.05
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
98) Histamine is able to ________.
A) act as a neurotransmitter to cause skeletal muscle contraction
B) act as a hormone that inhibits gastric secretion
C) act as a neurotransmitter in the brain to cause drowsiness
D) act as a regulator in inflammation and allergies
Section: 07.05
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
99) Norepinephrine binding to a receptor stimulates the activity of adenylate cyclase.
Section: 07.05
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.05 Discuss the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor.; H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
100) Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid ________.
A) alanine
B) glycine
C) tryptophan
D) serine
Section: 07.05
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
101) A patient is prescribed an MAO inhibitor by their doctor. Knowing the actions of MAO inhibitors, this patient's diagnosis may be ________.
A) hypertension, since MAO inhibitors block the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic axons
B) hypertension, since MAO inhibitors block the degradation of norepinephrine at the synapse
C) depression, since MAO inhibitors block the binding of serotonin to postsynaptic cells
D) depression, since MAO inhibitors block the degradation of serotonin at the synapse
Section: 07.05
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
102) Catecholamines activate postsynaptic cells by ________.
A) inhibition of adenylate cyclase
B) increased Ca2+ influx into the target cell
C) inhibition of calmodulin
D) increased production of cyclic AMP
Section: 07.05
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.05 Discuss the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor.; H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
103) What neurotransmitter is used by neurons with cell bodies in the raphe nuclei along the midline of the brainstem?
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) Glycine
D) GABA
Section: 07.05
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
104) The ________ dopamine system may be involved in emotional reward and drug addiction.
A) nigrostriatal
B) mesolimbic
C) amygdala
D) dentate
Section: 07.05
Topic: Neural integration in the CNS; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.16 Propose a possible CNS function for each biogenic amine neurotransmitter.
105) A patient with Parkinson disease will have difficulty initiating skeletal muscle movements because the nigrostriatal dopamine system, degenerated in Parkinson disease, is part of the primary motor cortex.
Section: 07.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Division, origin, and function of parts of the brain
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.16 Propose a possible CNS function for each biogenic amine neurotransmitter.
106) Parkinson disease is associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
Section: 07.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the nervous system could not maintain homeostasis
107) Neuroleptics, which are used to treat schizophrenia, are ________.
A) dopamine agonists
B) ACh antagonists
C) dopamine antagonists
D) glutamate agonists
Section: 07.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.16 Propose a possible CNS function for each biogenic amine neurotransmitter.
108) Addictive drugs, as well as nicotine, activate dopamine release in the ________.
A) nucleus accumbens
B) corpus striatum
C) basal nuclei
D) corpus callosum
Section: 07.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.16 Propose a possible CNS function for each biogenic amine neurotransmitter.
109) Cocaine is particularly dangerous for patients with cardiovascular disease, or hypertension, because ________.
A) it blocks the reuptake of serotonin and dopamine, causing excessive bouts of euphoria
B) it inhibits the degradation of norepinephrine, causing coronary artery constriction
C) it blocks membrane sodium channels, causing increased EPSPs
D) it blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine, causing increased heart rate
Section: 07.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.16 Propose a possible CNS function for each biogenic amine neurotransmitter.
110) Choose the incorrect statement about norepinephrine.
A) It is released in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
B) It is released by sympathetic neurons to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
C) Norepinephrine pathways are stimulated by amphetamines.
D) It is released from adrenergic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system.
Section: 07.05
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
111) Mutation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor would affect the ability of ________ to regulate neural function.
A) acetylcholine
B) epinephrine
C) glutamate
D) nitric oxide
Section: 07.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
112) Excitatory postsynaptic potentials are produced in the brain primarily by ________.
A) glycine
B) glutamic acid
C) gamma-aminobutyric acid
D) benzodiazepines
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.; H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
113) Which of the following is NOT an action needed for glutamate to open ion channels?
A) NMDA receptor must bind to glycine.
B) The membrane must be partially depolarized from the action of a different neurotransmitter.
C) Cl- must pass through the open channel.
D) Mg2+ is released from NMDA channel to open it.
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
114) Glycine and GABA act as inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS because they bind to Cl- channels on the postsynaptic membrane.
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
115) Where is glycine released?
A) In the PNS
B) From the motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles
C) In the CNS
D) At the diaphragm
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
116) Benzodiazepines act by increasing ________ activity.
A) GABA
B) glutamate
C) ACh
D) enkephalin
Section: 07.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
117) Which poison inhibits glycine receptors?
A) Strychnine
B) Curare
C) Tetrodotoxin
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
118) The most common neurotransmitter in the brain is ________.
A) glycine
B) acetylcholine
C) serotonin
D) GABA
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.15 List the most common excitatory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS and the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) in the CNS.
119) The capacity of synapses for alteration at the molecular level is termed ________.
A) synaptic modulation
B) synaptic alteration
C) synaptic capacitance
D) synaptic plasticity
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H15.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the nervous system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
120) CCK (cholecystokinin) may act as a neurotransmitter in the brain to promote feelings of satiety.
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
121) Exogenous and endogenous opioids have both similar and varying effects. Choose the statement that correctly summarizes their differences.
A) Exogenous, but not endogenous, can block transmissions of pain.
B) Naloxone has been shown to block the proven actions of both exogenous and endogenous opioids.
C) Endogenous are found in the CNS, whereas exogenous are released from neurons in the PNS.
D) Like exogenous opioids like morphine, endogenous opioids cause strong feelings of euphoria.
Section: 07.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
122) Which of the following are natural analgesics?
A) Endorphins
B) Enkephalins
C) Dynorphins
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
123) The most abundant neuropeptide in the brain is ________.
A) neuropeptide Y
B) neuropeptide Z
C) substance P
D) CCK
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
124) Inhibition of neuropeptide Y synthesis would ________.
A) induce euphoria
B) induce obesity
C) stimulate leptin secretion
D) inhibit eating
Section: 07.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the nervous system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
125) The brain produces lipid neurotransmitters called ________.
A) endocannabinoids
B) endorphins
C) enkephalins
D) nitric oxide
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.16 Propose a possible CNS function for each biogenic amine neurotransmitter.
126) Endocannabinoids are retrograde neurotransmitters, meaning they are ________.
A) released from presynaptic neurons and diffuse to the postsynaptic neuron
B) released from postsynaptic neurons and diffuse to the presynaptic neuron
C) released from presynaptic neurons and diffuse back to the presynaptic cell body
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
127) Relaxation of cerebral blood vessels would be stimulated by excessive ________ activity.
A) nitric oxide
B) acetylcholine
C) norepinephrine
D) glutamate
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
128) Nitric oxide ________.
A) is a chemical messenger activating adenylate cyclase
B) stimulates the dilation of blood vessels
C) is produced from L-asparagine
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
129) Which gas(es) can function as a neurotransmitter?
A) carbon dioxide
B) nitric oxide
C) carbon monoxide
D) Both nitric oxide and carbon monoxide
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
130) ATP and adenosine can act as neurotransmitters ________.
A) when no ACh is available
B) when released by adrenergic neurons during sympathetic activation
C) after being used for energy by the cell
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
131) What type of receptors will bind ATP and adenosine?
A) Cotransmitter receptors
B) Pyrimenergic receptors
C) Purinergic receptors
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.06
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.05 Discuss the relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor.; H05.14 Describe the mechanism by which neurotransmitters may have indirect (metabotropic) effects on postsynaptic cells.
132) Spatial summation ________.
A) occurs when a single neuron releases neurotransmitter rapidly
B) occurs because of the convergence of many neurons on a single postsynaptic cell
C) only involves excitatory postsynaptic potentials
D) only involves inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neural integration in the CNS; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.09 Explain temporal and spatial summation of synaptic potentials.
133) Temporal summation ________.
A) occurs when a single neuron releases neurotransmitter rapidly
B) occurs because of the convergence of many neurons on a single postsynaptic cell
C) only involves excitatory postsynaptic potentials
D) only involves inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neural integration in the CNS; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.09 Explain temporal and spatial summation of synaptic potentials.
134) Both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials undergo summation.
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neural integration in the CNS; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.09 Explain temporal and spatial summation of synaptic potentials.
135) Excitotoxicity is caused by ________.
A) insufficient synaptic release of glutamate
B) excessive synaptic release of glutamate
C) GABA inhibition
D) insufficient synaptic release of ACh
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.09 Explain temporal and spatial summation of synaptic potentials.
136) Both long-term potentiation and long-term depression require the release of ________ from the postsynaptic neuron membrane.
A) Cl-
B) K+
C) Ca2+
D) Mg2+
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.09 Explain temporal and spatial summation of synaptic potentials.
137) The varied strength of synaptic transmission is called ________.
A) spatial summation
B) temporal summation
C) synaptic plasticity
D) EPSP
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neural integration in the CNS; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.10 Explain how movement of sodium ions alone, or movement of both sodium and potassium ions, across the postsynaptic cell membrane can excite a neuron.
138) Enhancing the excitability of a synapse so that transmission is favored along certain pathways is called ________.
A) long-term potentiation
B) synaptic plasticity
C) excitotoxicity
D) summation
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neural integration in the CNS; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.10 Explain how movement of sodium ions alone, or movement of both sodium and potassium ions, across the postsynaptic cell membrane can excite a neuron.; H15.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the nervous system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
139) Synaptic plasticity involves structural changes in neurons, such as ________.
A) formation of axillary branches
B) formation of dendritic spines
C) formation of more axon terminals
D) mitosis of neurons
Section: 07.07
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of neurons
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H15.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the nervous system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
140) What event(s) could cause presynaptic inhibition?
A) Inactivation of Ca2+ channels
B) A second neuron causes a reduction in neurotransmitter release from another neuron
C) Removal of SNARE complexes
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.10 Explain how movement of sodium ions alone, or movement of both sodium and potassium ions, across the postsynaptic cell membrane can excite a neuron.
141) Which of the following is NOT true of long-term potentiation (LTP)?
A) Associated with the removal of AMPA glutamate receptors
B) Repeated stimulation enhance excitability
C) Associated with insertion of AMPA glutamate receptors
D) It is a form of synaptic plasticity
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.10 Explain how movement of sodium ions alone, or movement of both sodium and potassium ions, across the postsynaptic cell membrane can excite a neuron.
142) What type of neural pathway involves one neuron forming synapses with several postsynaptic neurons?
A) Convergent
B) Oscillating
C) Divergent
D) Plastic
Section: 07.07
Topic: Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H05.09 Explain temporal and spatial summation of synaptic potentials.
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Connected Book
Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox
By Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski