Chapter 7: Substance Use and Abuse

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Smoking is negatively associated with ______.

A. both education and income

B. education, but not income

C. income, but not education

D. neither income nor education

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the power of nicotine and the consequences of tobacco use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Smoking

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Doctors who prescribe pain medication often have to prescribe larger doses of the drug to a patient over time because of ______.

A. addiction

B. abuse

C. tolerance

D. withdrawal

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the power of nicotine and the consequences of tobacco use.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Understanding Addiction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Chan drinks four cups of coffee each day. One day, Chan skips the two cups he usually has in the morning, and he gets a terrible headache and finds he cannot concentrate. MOST specifically, Chan may be experiencing ______.

A. addiction

B. abuse

C. tolerance

D. withdrawal

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the power of nicotine and the consequences of tobacco use.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Understanding Addiction

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Of those smokers who have experienced a heart attack or surgery resulting from lung cancer, ______ continue to smoke cigarettes.

A. few

B. a substantial minority

C. more than half

D. almost all

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the power of nicotine and the consequences of tobacco use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Challenge of Quitting

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Having parents who smoke increases the risk that one will begin smoking by a factor of about ______.

A. 1.5

B. 2

C. 3

D. 3.5

Learning Objective: 7-2: Explain factors that contribute to smoking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Learning

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which personality trait is NOT positively associated with smoking among adolescents?

A. introversion

B. novelty-seeking

C. rebelliousness

D. risk-taking

Learning Objective: 7-2: Explain factors that contribute to smoking,

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Consider the models of nicotine addiction presented in the textbook. Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between the nicotine regulation model and the nicotine fixed-effects model?

A. The nicotine regulation model opposes the nicotine fixed-effects model.

B. The nicotine regulation model extends the nicotine fixed-effects model.

C. The nicotine regulation model replaces the nicotine fixed-effects model.

D. The nicotine regulation model is the same as the nicotine fixed-effects model.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Explain factors that contribute to smoking.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Nicotine-Based Models

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. With respect to models of nicotine addiction, physiological is to behavioral as the ______ is to the ______ model.

A. nicotine fixed-effect; affect-regulation

B. affect-regulation; nicotine regulation

C. multiple regulation; biobehavioral

D. multiple regulation; affect-regulation

Learning Objective: 7-2: Explain factors that contribute to smoking.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Affect-Regulation Model

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. ______ smoking, alcohol use is ______ associated with education level.

A. Like; negatively

B. Like; positively

C. Unlike; negatively

D. Unlike; positively

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe what alcohol abuse is and its consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Alcohol Use and Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. “Consuming more than four drinks in one day for women, or five drinks in one day for men” is a(n) ______ definition of ______ drinking.

A. conceptual; binge

B. conceptual; heavy

C. operational; binge

D. operational; heavy

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe what alcohol abuse is and its consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining Alcohol Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Now in his late 40s, Scotty has abused alcohol since early adolescence. He experiences severe memory limitations, as well as daytime drowsiness and frequent disorientation. Scotty appears to suffer from ______.

A. Korsakoff’s syndrome

B. Broca’s aphasia

C. alcohol myopia

D. Wernicke’s aphasia

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe what alcohol abuse is and its consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Consequences of Alcohol Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. ______ evidence suggests that light-to-moderate drinking is linked to ______ health than is abstaining.

A. Correlational; better

B. Correlational; poorer

C. Experimental; better

D. Experimental; poorer

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe what alcohol abuse is and its consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Benefits of Moderate Alcohol Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. In Skinnerian terms, tension-reduction theory suggests that alcohol use is maintained through ______.

A. negative punishment

B. negative reinforcement

C. positive punishment

D. positive reinforcement

Learning Objective: 7-4: Summarize various explanations for alcohol abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Tension-Reduction Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. People who work more than 49 hr per week are ______ MORE likely to engage in risky drinking behavior than are people who work 35–40 hr per week.

A. 5–6%

B. 8–9%

C. 12–13%

D. 15–16%

Learning Objective: 7-4: Summarize various explanations for alcohol abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Tension-Reduction Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. At this point, the results of research aimed at identifying the personality traits associated with alcohol-related problems are BEST described as ______.

A. discouraging

B. nonexistent

C. suggestive

D. conclusive

Learning Objective: 7-4: Summarize various explanations for alcohol abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. Randy and Morty both suffer from alcohol use disorder. Each has a twin: Randy has a fraternal twin, Ricky, and Morty has an identical twin, Marty. As compared to Ricky’s risk for alcohol use disorder, Marty’s risk is ______.

A. the same

B. 1.5 times higher

C. 2 times higher

D. 3 times higher

Learning Objective: 7-4: Summarize various explanations for alcohol abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Biological/Genetic Factors

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. Cocaine is to ______ as ______ is to depressant.

A. narcotic; alcohol

B. narcotic; marijuana

C. stimulant; marijuana

D. stimulant; Xanax

Learning Objective: 7-5: Describe different types of drugs and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Types of Drugs

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. After dinner, Tammy enjoys two stimulants. Tammy MOST likely had ______.

A. a cup of coffee and a cigarette

B. a glass of cola and a “joint”

C. a glass of wine and a Xanax

D. a cold beer and a “joint”

Learning Objective: 7-5: Describe different types of drugs and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Types of Drugs

Difficulty Level: Hard

19. The MOST common illicit drug in the United States is marijuana, a(n) ______.

A. narcotic

B. depressant

C. stimulant

D. hallucinogen

Learning Objective: 7-5: Describe different types of drugs and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Drugs

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. In states that legalized the recreational use of marijuana, the perception of the drug’s harm ______, and its use ______.

A. decreased; increased

B. decreased; remained unchanged

C. remained unchanged; increased

D. remained unchanged; remained unchanged

Learning Objective: 7-5: Describe different types of drugs and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Consequences of Drug Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. A national study conducted following the release of the Real Cost campaign estimated that it led to a ______ decrease in smoking initiation by youths aged 11–18.

A. 10%

B. 20%

C. 30%

D. 40%

Learning Objective: 7-6: Compare different strategies for reducing substance abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Media Approaches

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. City-wide smoking bans ______.

A. are not effective

B. are effective only in reducing smoking among heavy smokers

C. are effective only in preventing people from starting to smoke

D. are effective in preventing smoking and in reducing smoking among light smokers

Learning Objective: 7-6: Compare different strategies for reducing substance abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Government-Based Approaches

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. As compared to the cold turkey approach to smoking cessation, nicotine fading is ______ effective.

A. half as

B. slightly less

C. equally

D. twice as

Learning Objective: 7-6: Compare different strategies for reducing substance abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Pharmacological Approaches

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Which statement is MOST accurate with respect to the empirical evaluation of self-help programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?

A. There is little research on the effectiveness of self-help programs such as AA.

B. Rigorous randomized controlled trials (RCT) research indicates that AA is effective.

C. Rigorous randomized controlled trials (RCT) research indicates that AA is largely ineffective.

D. Only quasi-experimental research supports the effectiveness of AA.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Compare different strategies for reducing substance abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Self-Help Programs

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Khya is picking up her 90-day chip at a local Narcotics Anonymous meeting. Being clean for 3 months is a real achievement, because about ______ of all relapses happen within 90 days of quitting a substance.

A. 40%

B. 50%

C. 65%

D. 75%

Learning Objective: 7-6: Compare different strategies for reducing substance abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Managing Relapse

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. E-cigarettes are now the MOST commonly used form of tobacco among teenagers.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the power of nicotine and the consequences of tobacco use.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Power of Nicotine

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Most people who have successfully quit smoking have made about 10 unsuccessful attempts to quit in the past.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the power of nicotine and the consequences of tobacco use.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Challenge of Quitting

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The STRONGEST predictor of current smoking among adolescents is the number of friends who smoke.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Explain factors that contribute to smoking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Learning

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The biobehavioral model is primarily a physiological model of nicotine addiction.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Explain factors that contribute to smoking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Combined Models

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The treatment of alcohol use disorder is largely unsuccessful over the long term.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe what alcohol abuse is and its consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining Alcohol Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. As they grow up, children’s expectations regarding alcohol’s effects become increasingly negative.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Summarize various explanations for alcohol abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Leaning Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Approximately 20% of Americans report having used an illicit drug in the past month.

Learning Objective: 7-5: Describe different types of drugs and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Understanding Drug Use

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Project DARE is an example of a primary prevention strategy for preventing substance abuse.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Compare different strategies for reducing substance abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Preventing Substance Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Select one of the following topics: (1) Understanding Smoking OR (2) Treating Substance Abuse. Explain how the biopsychosocial model offers a useful organizing framework for understanding different explanations for smoking or different approaches to treating substance abuse.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Explain factors that contribute to smoking | 7-6: Compare different strategies for reducing substance abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Understanding Smoking | Treating Substance Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium