Ch.6 Verified Test Bank - Globalization Project In Practice

Development and Social Change, 6^th edition

Philip McMichael

Chapter 6 - Globalization Project in Practice

Test Bank

1. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is considered globalization with a human face because ____________.

a. it addresses key challenges (poverty, health, gender inequality) resulting from globalization

b. it focuses on the face of globalization

c. it focuses on globalization since the turn of the millennium

d. it debates the benefits of globalization

Answer Location: Poverty Governance

Page Number: 148

2. The Social Emergency Fund and the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility were established to:

a. increase vulnerability of the worlds poorest to Structural Adjustment Programs

b. provide relief to those adversely affected the by Structural Adjustment Programs

c. compensate governments for losses incurred in their economic sectors

d. even the playing field between poor and richer countries

Answer Location: Poverty Governance

Page Number: 148

3. The acronym PRSP stands for ..

a. Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers

b. Progressive Redistribution of Strategic Power

c. Strategy Poverty Reduction Papers

d. Progressive Redistribution of Strategic Power

Answer Location: Poverty Governance

Page Number: 149

4. The main difference between HIPC and SAP is:

a. HIPC allows countries more involvement in debt reduction process

b. SAP allows more countries scope to determine the amount of debt they repay

c. There is no difference between SAP and HIPC

d. SAP is planned by the World Bank, while HIPC is planned by the IMF

Answer Location: Poverty Governance

Page Number: 149

5. The HIPC program was designed to deal with the problems of poverty in _____ countries.

a. African

b. Asian

c. low-income

d. middle-income

Answer Location: Poverty Governance

Page Number: 149

6. Outsourcing is increasingly an important component of the globalization project because

a. it is required by the Bretton Woods institutions

b. it is the development buzz word

c. it is the source of profits in Third World countries

d. it is facilitated by mobility of capital in an era of deregulation and liberalization

Answer Location: Outsourcing

Page Number: 150

7. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY: Outsourcing is justified and beneficial under one of these conditions. Which is it?

a. when it breaks monopoly power over management of utilities

b. when it increases access by underprivileged to resources

c. when it stands up to the influence of capitalists

d. when it challenges state autonomy.

Answer Location: Outsourcing

Page Number: 150

8. South African governments decision to privatize and outsource Telkom, the state telephone company was beneficial to the poor because

a. Telkom had already increased tarrifs for poor households

b. Telkom was severely restricting services to poor households

c. Telkom provided inferior quality services to poor households

d. Telkom eliminated discounts for poor households

Answer Location: Outsourcing

Page Number: 151

7. With World Bank support, many public health sector services were outsourced to the private sector in order to reduce

a. taxes

b. labor shortages

c.waste and inefficiency

d. spending

Answer Location: Outsourcing

Page Number: 151

8. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY: The migration of service jobs from North to the Global South is spurred by

a. advances in computerization and information technology

b. cheap labor

c. environmental laws

d. tax concessions

Answer Location: Outsourcing

Page Number: 152

9. According to Freeman, women find pink-collar work more attractive to better-paid work in the sugar cane fields because

a. it is less stressful

b. it tax free

c. it is more prestigious

d. it is less physically demanding

Answer Location: Outsourcing

Page Number: 153

10. A great turnaround in global labor sourcing occurred in Europe when ____________.

a. manufacturing jobs moved southern Europe, and American labor moved northern Europe.

b. manufacturing jobs moved eastern Europe, North African labor moved western Europe

c. manufacturing jobs moved northern Europe; North African labor moved tosouthern Europe

d. manufacturing jobs moved to southern Europe; North African labor moved southern Europe

Answer Location: Global-Labor Sourcing

Page Number: 155

11. One of the long term effects of outsourcing of labor to Southern and Eastern Europe is that _______.

a. it threatens traditional blue-collar industries in the global north as jobs disappear

b. it strengthens traditional blue-collar industries in the global north as an engine for job growth

c. it weakens blue-collar industries in the global due to influx of foreign jobs

d. it weakens blue-collar industries in the global east

due to influx of foreign jobs

Answer Location: Global-Labor Sourcing

Page Number: 156

12. The mobilization efforts of Honduran Central General de Trabajadores, with assistance from cross-national network of labor NGOs and US unions, to organize the Honduran maquila industry for living wages forced the US-based Russell Athletics to negotiate a new contract. This is an example of ____________.

a. north-south cooperation

b. reverse whipsawing

c. public-private partnerships

d. power from below

Answer Location: Global-Labor Sourcing

Page Number: 157

13. In order to increase job security and confront exploitative job practices by multinational firms, labor organizers in the global south have resorted to:

a. seeking legal protections from their governments

b. seeking legal protections from the World Trade Organization

c. joined forces with cross-national network of labor NGOs and US unions

d. mass mobilization and protest movements

Answer Location: Global-Labor Sourcing

Page Number: 157

14. Fair trade practices are intended to promote transparency, fair pricing, environmentally sound practices between _______________.

a. firms in the global south and global north

b. consumers and producers in the global south and global north

c. workers in the global south and producing firms from the global north

d. craftspeople from the global south and northern consumers with taste for ethnic products

Answer Location: Global-Labor Sourcing

Page Number: 157

15. Displacement, one of the outcomes of globalization is related to all of the following EXCEPT

a. national budgetary cuts ______________.

b. outsourcing of jobs

c. automation of jobs

d. forced resettlement by infrastructural projects

Answer Location: Displacement

Page Number: 158

16. Turks in Berlin, Moroccans in Madrid, Indians in London, Mexicans in Los Angeles, Puerto Ricans and Haitians in New York, Vietnamese in Hong Kong, are all examples of _____, described by Jacques Attali

a. rich nomads

b. poor nomads

c. rich emigres

d. poor emigres

Answer Location: Displacement

Page Number: 159

17. Displacement is rooted in structural adjustment programs(SAP)'s conditionalities because __________.

a. SAPs called for increased spending on peasants, hence their displacement from their lands

b. SAPs policies favored displaced and dissatisfied peasants

c. SAPs emphasis on liberalization and free-markets in grain meant reduced the value for agriculture in favor of imports, increasing migration from rural areas

d. SAP budget cuts favored only certain world food products, increasing displacement

Answer Location: Displacement

Page Number: 159

18. 'Displacement of love' occurs via ____________.

a. workers are separated from their loved ones

b. workers are forced to love their employers

c. workers are forced to leave their loved ones behind

d. femininization and export of nannies from the South to the North

Answer Location: Displacement

Page Number: 160

19. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY: The consequences of labor displacement are far reaching and include:

a. spread of gated communities

b. racism and violence towards guest workers or illegal immigrants

c. spread of servants

d. spread of diseases

Answer Location: Displacement

Page Number: 160

20. The "Kerala Mode" is known not only for its avoidance of the market-driven development model, but also ___________.

a. dependence on remittance from its expatriates

b. acceptance of IMF loans

c. refusal of tax credits

d. high rates of crime

Answer Location: Labor the New Export

Page Number: 160

21. Labor export is a significant component of foreign exchange earnings in all of the following countries, except:

a. Phillipines

b. Middle East

c. Mexico

d. India

Answer Location: Labor the New Export

Page Number: 162

22. The textbook states that globalization is 'Janus-faced' because:

a. it encourages global interconnectedness while also promoting global similarities

b. it is concerned with the development in the global north and poverty in the global south.

c. it exaggerates the formality of market culture, and at the same time intensifies its opposite, the culture of informal/marginal activity.

d. it exaggerates the promises of globalization and minimizes its downsides.

Answer Location: Informalization

Page Number: 163

23. The fact that servants and housecleaners work "off the books", and casual labor often accompanies small-scale enterprises, implies that __________.

a. boundaries between the formal and informal economies are fluid

b. corruption exists in the formal economy

c. interdependencies exist in the global economy

d. formalization is a reality

Answer Location: Informalization

Page Number: 163

24. National economic accounting systems measure legal cash transactions formally. One weakness of this system however is that it _______________.

a. ignores the role of international accounting systems

b. it ignores the role of informal economic activities

c. it is focused mainly on Western economies

d. it discounts bribery and corruption as sources of income.

Answer Location: Informalization

Page Number: 164

25. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY: Chinese relationship to Africa resembles colonization in the sense that:

a. it has established physical and political presence in African countries

b. China is acquiring control over African natural resources in exchange for insfrastructure

c. China has acquired the status of a super power

d. Chinese religious practices are being introduced into African countries

Answer Location: Global Recolonization

Page Number: 173

26. All of the following are examples of how manifestations of recolonization, except:

a. resource grab by the foreign companies

b. Chinese infrastructural development in Africa

c. global land grab

d. south-south cooperation

Answer Location: Global Recolonization

Page Number: 172-173

27. Land grabbing has intensified in 20th and 21st century because of all these reasons except:

a. investors and states interest in land for new food and fuel supplies

b. rising cost of land and profitability of land sales

c. tribal conflicts create vacuum over land ownership, thus increasing land grabbing.

d. investment in agriculture offers high profit margins

Answer Location: Global Recolonization

Page Number: 175-176

28. Which country pioneered the "Chinese model of development"?

a. Ghana

b. Nigeria

c. Zambia

d. Ethiopia

Answer Location: Global Recolonization

Page Number: 174

29. While microcredit has been successful in supporting low-income women, critiques argue that _____________.

a. it reinforces gender hierarchies, intensifying women's work burden

b. it enriches the credit lenders relative to members

c. it increases the power of men over women's reproductive activities

d. it blends gender hierarchies

Answer Location: Informalization

Page Number: 169

30. An important indicator of informalization - one which includes cultural symbols, dense social networks - which act as a 'safety valve' - which is activated for social support is called:

a. social safety net

b. social capital

c. social investment

d. social currency

Answer Location: Informalization

Page Number: 169

31. Structural adjustment policies preceded the universal adoption of liberalization policies through the WTO

a. True

b. False

Answer Location: Poverty Governance

Page Number: 148

32. The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative is one example of the Social Emergency Fund and the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility created by the International Financial Institutions.

a. True

b. False

Answer Location: Poverty Governance

Page Number: 148

33. South Africa's decision to privatize and outsource Telkom disproportionately limited services for the poor.

a. True

b. False

Answer Location: Outsourcing

Page Number: 151

34. As manufacturing moves to the global south, a great-turn around occurs when labor from the south also moves to the global north.

a. True

b. False

Answer Location: Global-Labor Sourcing

Page Number: 155

35. The spread of 'gated communities', racist violence towards 'guest workers' are all consequences of displacement of poor labor from the global south

a. True

b. False

Answer Location: Displacement

Page Number: 159

36. "Displacement of love" is NOT synonymous with "global heart transplant".

a. True

b. False

Answer Location: Displacement

Page Number: 160

37. Today, global migration is increasingly feminized: 75 percent of refugees and displaced persons are women and children

a. True

b. False

Answer Location: Displacement

Page Number: 160

38. China's relationship to Africa is a good example of attempts at recolonization

a. True

b. False

Answer Location: Global Recolonization

Page Number: 173

39. According to the World Bank, the augmentation of the HIPC initiative in Africa is a confirmation of the effectiveness of neoliberalism.

a. True

b. False

Answer Location: Global Recolonization

Page Number: 171

40. HIPC and SAP are two debt relief programs for Third World countries. Despite their differences, the HIPC is merely new wine in old wine-skins.

True

False

Answer Location: Poverty Governance

Page Number: 148

41. Briefly explain the difference between Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP) and Poverty Reduction Strategic Papers program (PRSP).

Answer Location: Poverty Governance

Page Number: 148-149

42. What is outsourcing and why is it significant in contemporary development discourse?

Answer Location: Outsourcing

Page Number: 150

43. What is the role of information and communication technologies in outsourcing?

Answer Location: Outsourcing

Page Number: 151

44. What is the "great turnaround" with respect to offshore labor.

Answers: Varies. The "great turnaround" occurs when northern manufacturing relocates jobs offshore, particularly in the global south, whereas southern labor has found its way north in the form of farmworkers and food workers. In Europe, the “great turnaround” describes the reversal of patterns of migration, where southern European states formerly supplied migrant labor to industrialized centers of northern Europe, but now southern Europe is the destination for inflows of North African migrant labor, where a growing proportion of farm labor in Italy is foreign.

Answer Location: Global-Labor Sourcing

Page Number: 155

45. The transnational peasant coalition Vía Campesina notes, “The massive movement of food around the world is forcing the increased movement of people.” Briefly explain this statement with reference to displacement.

Answer Location: Displacement

Page Number: 158

46. Discuss the two aspects of informalization. What are their effects and how are they connected to globalization in practice?

Answer Location: Informalization.

Page Number: 167

47. What is Microcredit and what are its promises and limitations. Microcredit is the extension of very small loans (microloans) to impoverished borrowers who typically lack collateral, steady employment and a verifiable credit history. While microcredit has had some success in supporting low-income women, research in Nepal shows that it can also reinforce gender hierarchies, where women’s work burden intensifies and husbands gain control of their business income. In addition, microcredit schemes also deplete mutual aid networks essential to survival of the poorest: women and children. Mercedes de la Rocha for example, warns that, in Mexico, “persistent poverty over two decades has effectively brought the poor to their knees,” and an NGO worker in Haiti claims the “tradition of mutual giving that allowed us to help each other and survive—this is all being lost.” Under these conditions, regions of informality may become anomic, deepening human exploitation such as child prostitution and organ selling, with Chennai (India) having become world renowned for its “kidney farms.

Answer Location: Informalization

Page Number: 169

48. Why is the Kerala Model of development touted as the solution to self-sustenance in Third World countries? Kerala, a socially progressive state in southern India has an impressive record of health and education expenditure, with life expectancy and literacy rates considerably higher than the Indian average. The “Kerala model,” was able to sustain this progress by setting its social priorities as the goal of development, including reliance on remittances from its expatriate population abroad, and in the process avoid the Western/market-driven development model.

Answer Location: Labor: the New Export.

Page Number: 162

49. Discuss the relationship between migration and feminization of labor.

Answer Location: Labor: the New Export.

Page Number: 160

50. What is the Fair Trade and why is it important as a source for new global labor?

Answer Location: Global Labor-Sourcing Politics

Page Number: 155