Ch6 The American Society Families Test Questions & Answers

Chapter 06 Test Bank

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Single households represent what percent of American households?

A. 27%

B. 2%

C. 5%

D. 15%

E. 10%

2. What is the basic consumption unit for most consumer goods?

A. organization

B. household

C. individual

D. husband

E. wife

3. Which of the following is a household factor that influences purchase and consumption behavior?

A. structure of household unit

B. stage of the household life cycle

C. household decision process

D. structure of household unit and stage of the household life cycle

E. structure of household unit, stage of the household life cycle and household decision process

4. According to the Census Bureau, all the people who occupy a housing unit is defined as a

A. buying unit.

B. blended family.

C. family household.

D. household.

E. traditional family.

5. Sarah and her three roommates share an apartment. According to the Census Bureau, Sarah and her roommates constitute a

A. family.

B. nontraditional family.

C. subculture.

D. blended family.

E. household.

6. A __________ has at least two members related by birth, marriage, or adoption, one of whom is the householder (i.e., the one who owns or rents the residence).

A. family household

B. blended family household

C. consumption unit

D. household

E. nontraditional family household

7. John and Dawn have been married for over 20 years. They have lived in their home in Northville, MI (a suburb of Detroit) with their three children for most of those years. According to the Census Bureau, which type of household do they live in?

A. suburban household

B. urban household

C. rural household

D. blended family household

E. family household

8. According to the Census Bureau, a __________ household is a householder living alone or exclusively with others to whom he or she is not related.

A. family

B. nonfamily

C. traditional

D. blended

E. consumption

9. Eric and Elizabeth live together in the same apartment but are not married. According to the Census Bureau, which type of household do they represent?

A. family household

B. blended household

C. nonfamily household

D. nontraditional household

E. nonconformist household

10. Which type of family consists of a married couple, one or both of whom were previously married, their children, and the children from the previous marriage of one or both parents?

A. nontraditional family

B. traditional family

C. nonfamily household

D. stepfamily

E. combination family

11. Ashley and her husband just had their first child. Ashley was married previously, and her two young children from that marriage also live with Ashley and her current husband. Which type of family is this?

A. nontraditional family

B. traditional family

C. multigenerational family

D. secondary family

E. stepfamily

12. Which type of family consists of a married couple and their own or adopted children living at home?

A. nontraditional family

B. traditional family

C. blended family

D. stepfamily

E. combination family

13. Barry and Laurie have been married for almost 20 years, and this is the first marriage for both of them. They have two children living at home. Which type of family is this?

A. nontraditional family

B. traditional family

C. blended family

D. stepfamily

E. combination family

14. Which of the following is not a reason for the decline in traditional families?

A. an increase in single parent households as a result of divorce

B. an increase in single individuals as the median age of marriage is delayed

C. an increase in sole survivors as our population ages

D. a change in the way the Census Bureau has defined "traditional family"

E. All of these choices are reasons for the decline in traditional families.

15. Which of the following is not a reason for the shift in the "typical" family structure?

A. decreasing number of households with a single parent

B. decreasing number of blended families

C. increasing family size

D. increasing number of cohabiting parent households

E. All of these choices are reasons for the shift.

16. "A woman who has had biological children with more than one partner" reflects the concept of:

A. multigenerational fertility

B. blended family fertility

C. multi-partner fertility

D. nontraditional fertility

E. cohabitation fertility

17. Most families pass through an orderly progression of stages, each with its own characteristics, financial situation, and purchasing patterns, which is the basic assumption underlying the __________ approach.

A. household life cycle (HLC)

B. product life cycle (PLC)

C. brand life cycle (BLC)

D. inevitable cycle (IC)

E. predictable cycle (PC)

18. Stages of the household life cycle are based on

A. age of the adult members.

B. marital status of the adult members.

C. presence of children.

D. age of children.

E. All of these choices are correct.

19. Which of the following is considered a "Younger" (i.e., < 35) stage of the household life cycle?

A. single parent II

B. single II

C. single III

D. full nest I

E. empty nest I

20. Which of the following is not considered a "Middle-aged" (i.e., 35-64) stage of the household life cycle?

A. single II

B. full nest II

C. delayed full nest I

D. single parent II

E. empty nest II

21. Which of the following is considered an "Older" (i.e., > 64) stage of the household life cycle?

A. single II

B. delayed full nest I

C. single III

D. single parent II

E. empty nest I

22. Which HLC group is basically the unmarried members of the Generation Years?

A. single I

B. single II

C. single III

D. single X/Y

E. empty nest

23. Fifty percent of females classified as "Single I"

A. live alone.

B. live with parent(s).

C. live with others.

D. are divorced.

E. are engaged to be married.

24. Mike is a 23-year-old recent college graduate and is starting his career as a pharmaceutical sales representative. He will be living in an extended-stay hotel in the city where he will undergo training, but once he finishes that, he plans on renting a nice apartment with a friend of his from college. He also wants to purchase a sports car and save money for a ski vacation next year. To which stage of the household life cycle does Mike belong?

A. single I

B. single II

C. beginning

D. introduction

E. growth

25. Julie and Bart are both in their late 20s and recently married. They have no children and are learning how to make joint decisions. Recent purchase/service decisions were related to household furnishings, a washer and dryer, and insurance coverage. Which stage of the household life cycle are they experiencing?

A. young married

B. full nest

C. empty nest

D. introduction

E. growth

26. When a couple has children, expenditures on which of the following do not usually decrease?

A. single II

B. meals out

C. health care

D. personal care products

E. adult apparel

27. Stacy and Adam have just had their first child, and they hope to have two more. They can expect expenditures on which of the following to increase?

A. meals out

B. education

C. personal care products

D. food at home

E. alcoholic beverages

28. Roughly what percentage of children are born to unmarried mothers, a percentage that has risen by 13 percentage points since 1990?

A. 10

B. 25

C. 40

D. 50

E. 66

29. While roughly 40 percent of children are born to unmarried mothers, this may not be an accurate representation of the situation. A more accurate representation of the situation may be gained by looking at the percentage of American children under 18 living with one parent (single-parent families). What is that percentage?

A. 9 percent

B. 16 percent

C. 22 percent

D. 27 percent

E. 32 percent

30. Which stage of the household life cycle is made up of people between the ages of 35 and 64 who have never married and those who are divorced and have no child-rearing responsibilities?

A. middle-aged single (or single II)

B. middle-aged childless

C. empty nest I

D. empty nest II

E. single III

31. Bobbie is 47 years old, has never been married, and does not have any children of her own. She lives alone and doesn't like to cook because most recipes feed more than one person. She can only eat so many leftovers, and she usually forgets about it if she freezes to eat at a later date. So she purchases frozen dinners and canned food that come in single servings. To which stage of the household life cycle does Bobbie belong?

A. middle-aged single (or single II)

B. middle-aged empty nest

C. empty nest I

D. empty nest II

E. single III

32. Which of the following is not a description of the household life cycle stage known as "Empty Nest I: Middle-Aged with No Children"?

A. married couples who have never had children

B. second marriages in which children from a first marriage are not living with the parent

C. married couples whose children have left home

D. married couples who have adopted children who are still living at home

E. All of these are characteristics of this household life cycle stage.

33. Tony and Katie are in their 50s, and both have careers that keep them very busy. However, their children are grown, so they have more free time and money than they used to have. Which type of product or service are they likely to spend less money on than they have in the past?

A. food at home

B. expensive vacations

C. meals out

D. house-cleaning

E. luxury cars

34. The trend toward later marriage and children has resulted in which of the following?

A. Over 80 percent of all married couples with children under 18 now fall into the middle age HLC categories of delayed full nest I and full nest II.

B. Now, 75 percent of all married couples with children under 18 fall into the middle age HLC categories of delayed full nest I and full nest II.

C. Now, the empty nest I HLC category does not begin until married couples are over 64 years old.

D. The stage of the HLC labeled empty nest I no longer exists.

E. Now, 75 percent of all married couples do not experience the empty nest II stage of the HLC.

35. What is a major difference between delayed full nest I and younger new parents?

A. the number of children

B. income

C. education

D. commitment

E. years married

36. Sheila and Jim are both professionals in their late 30s and have two children under the age of five. Which stage of the household life cycle are they in?

A. young married

B. full nest I

C. full nest II

D. delayed full nest I

E. laggards

37. What is a major difference between the full nest II and delayed full nest I stages of the household life cycle?

A. income

B. age of the parents

C. age of the children

D. number of children

E. years married

38. Teresa and John are both in their 40s and have two children living at home. Their daughter, Erin, is 14 years old, and their son, Stephen, is 11 years old. To which stage of the household life cycle do they belong?

A. young married

B. full nest I

C. full nest II

D. delayed full nest I

E. laggards

39. Teri and Ed are in their 40s, are childless, and were married for 15 years but are now divorced. However, Teri has always wanted children, so she adopted a daughter, who is now two years old. To which stage of the household life cycle do Teri and her daughter belong?

A. single parent I

B. divorced parent I

C. single parent II

D. full nest I

E. delayed full nest I

40. Consumers in which stage of the household life cycle are over 64 years of age, are either fully or partially retired, are healthy, active, and often financially well-off, and are a big market for RVs, cruises, and second homes?

A. single I

B. single II

C. empty nest I

D. empty nest II

E. delayed empty nest

41. Ray is retired, and he and his wife are both in their late 60s. They are healthy, active, and financially well-off. They purchased an RV and plan to travel to all of the continental United States. Which stage of the household life cycle describes them?

A. childless

B. jobless

C. retired

D. empty nest I

E. empty nest II

42. Consumers who are single due to the death of a spouse are labeled

A. "single by death".

B. "single by choice".

C. "single by circumstance".

D. "single again".

E. "unwillingly single".

43. Barbara is 72 years old and has been a widow for almost three years. She would be labeled

A. "single by death".

B. "single by choice".

C. "single by circumstance".

D. "single again".

E. "unwillingly single".

44. Research suggests that older singles that are single by circumstance (i.e., death of a spouse) will

A. be less innovative.

B. be more risk averse.

C. be more price sensitive.

D. engage in coping behaviors such as spending more time watching television.

E. All of these choices are correct.

45. The vertical axis in the HLC/occupational category matrix represents __________, which determines the problems the household will likely encounter.

A. a set of occupational categories

B. the number of children in the household

C. the household income

D. the stage in the household life cycle

E. current economic conditions

46. The horizontal axis in the HLC/occupational category matrix represents __________, which provides a range of acceptable solutions.

A. a set of occupational categories

B. the number of children in the household

C. the household income

D. stage in the household life cycle

E. current economic conditions

47. The consumer insight on remodeling discusses mechanisms underlying household lifecycle changes. The mechanism relating to balancing competing commitments on how a given space is used is

A. prioritizing.

B. embodying.

C. adapting.

D. socialization.

E. mediation.

48. The consumer insight on remodeling discusses mechanisms underlying household lifecycle changes. The mechanism relating to awareness of need to modify the physical arrangement of their homes is

A. prioritizing.

B. embodying.

C. adapting.

D. socialization.

E. mediation.

49. The consumer insight on remodeling discusses mechanisms underlying household lifecycle changes. The mechanism relating to physical needs now or in future relating to how space is used is

A. prioritizing.

B. embodying.

C. adapting.

D. socialization.

E. mediation.

50. __________ is the process by which decisions that directly or indirectly involve two or more family members are made.

A. Household decision making

B. Consumer decision making

C. Family decision making

D. Joint decision making

E. Group decision making

51. A family purchase decision differs from an organizational decision in

A. the level of emotion involved.

B. the involvement of multiple people in the decision.

C. the absence of time pressure.

D. the fact that different people play different roles in the purchase.

E. All of these choices are correct.

52. Which of the following is a family purchase role?

A. initiator

B. information gatherer

C. user

D. purchaser

E. All of these choices are correct.

53. The family member who first recognizes a need or starts the purchase process is known as the

A. initiator.

B. information gatherer.

C. influencer.

D. decision maker.

E. user.

54. Stan has noticed that his car is not working properly and that it is getting expensive to repair. Thus, he gathered his family together to discuss the purchase of a new automobile. In terms of family purchase roles, which one best describes Stan's actions?

A. initiator

B. information gatherer

C. influencer

D. decision maker

E. user

55. While Katie and Matthew are the children in the family, they do influence the alternatives considered for their family's summer vacation. What role do Katie and Matthew play in this family decision?

A. initiators

B. information gatherers

C. influencers

D. decision makers

E. purchasers

56. Which family purchase role is played by the individual(s) who makes the final decision?

A. initiator

B. information gatherer

C. influencer

D. decision maker

E. user

57. Bob is in the 6th grade. His family does not own a computer, and he really needs one to do his homework. He also wants one so he can play some of the games he hears his friends talking about. His parents realize that he needs a computer, but they really have no need for one and probably will never use it. Since they don't know much about computers, they are letting Bob do all the research and asked him to find the options that will meet his needs. However, his parents are the ones who will make the final decision on how much to spend and which computer to purchase. In terms of the family purchase roles, which role do Bob's parents play?

A. initiator

B. information gatherer

C. influencer

D. decision maker

E. user

58. What family purchase role is played by the individual who actually purchases the product the family has decided upon?

A. initiator

B. information gatherer

C. influencer

D. decision maker

E. purchaser

59. While the entire family is usually involved in major purchase decisions, Lisa is the one who usually makes the actual purchase. What family purchase role does Lisa play?

A. initiator

B. information gatherer

C. influencer

D. decision maker

E. purchaser

60. Carla and John are both children, but they use their family's electronic equipment such as TVs, DVD players, and stereo equipment. They did not play much of a role in the purchase decision on which brands to buy, but their parents did consider their needs when deciding on which products and brands to purchase. In terms of family purchase roles, what role do these children play?

A. initiator

B. information gatherer

C. influencer

D. user

E. influencer and user

61. Which of the following are ways to categorize family decision making?

A. husband-dominant

B. wife-dominant

C. individualized

D. child-dominant

E. All of these choices are correct.

62. Hank and Carol have been married for over 20 years, and in that time they have purchased six automobiles. Hank is the one who usually does all the research and decides what they can afford, while Carol just gets involved when it's time to decide among a few alternatives, and she really only cares about the comfort and styling. Which of the following category of family decision making does this illustrate?

A. husband-dominant

B. wife-dominant

C. individualized

D. single role

E. dual role

63. Families considering the purchase of products such as a house, furniture, or a vacation, typically use which type of family decision making?

A. husband-dominant

B. wife-dominant

C. individualized

D. joint

E. child-dominant

64. Which of the following statements is true regarding the nature of family purchases and the roles played by various family members?

A. Individuals tend to play the same role for all decisions.

B. All family members tend to be involved in every stage of the decision process.

C. Over time, each spouse develops more specialized roles as a part of the family lifestyle and family responsibilities.

D. Individual family members play only a single role in a given purchase decision.

E. The stage of the decision process does not influence decision roles.

65. Which of the following can influence how family members interact in a purchase decision?

A. culture or subculture in which the family exists

B. role specialization of different family members

C. degree of involvement each has in the product area of concern

D. personal characteristics of the family members

E. All of these choices are correct.

66. Hispanics who identify most strongly with their Hispanic subcultures are most likely to engage in

A. wife-dominated decisions.

B. husband-dominated decisions.

C. joint decisions.

D. child-dominated decisions.

E. None of these choices are correct.

67. Regarding the balance of family purchase roles, which of the following traditionally male-dominated categories is/are tipping toward the wife?

A. TV remote control

B. household finances

C. family weekend activities

D. TV remote control and household finances

E. All of these choices are correct.

68. Which of the following is not a basic approach that individuals in a family use to resolve purchase conflicts after they have arisen?

A. bargaining

B. use of authority

C. physical force

D. playing on emotion

E. reasoning

69. Karen and her kids were hungry and were trying to decide where to eat for dinner. After several minutes of bickering, Karen decided where they were going to go. Her children balked at her decision and asked why she got to decide, and she said, "Because I'm your mother and I said so!" Which approach did Karen use to resolve this family conflict?

A. bargaining

B. use of authority

C. impression management

D. playing on emotion

E. reasoning

70. Which approach to conflict resolution misrepresents the facts in order to win?

A. bargaining

B. use of authority

C. impression management

D. playing on emotion

E. reasoning

71. Which of these categories is not part of the content of consumer learning?

A. consumer skills

B. learning skills

C. consumption-related preferences

D. consumption-related attitudes

E. All of these choices are part of the content of consumer learning.

72. The process in which young people acquire skills, knowledge, and attitudes relevant to their functioning as consumers in the marketplaces is known as

A. consumer education.

B. consumer socialization.

C. consumer programming.

D. consumer research.

E. consumer acclimation.

73. Which of the following refers to what children learn with respect to consumption?

A. the process of consumer socialization

B. the rate of consumer socialization

C. the impact of consumer socialization

D. the content of consumer socialization

E. the influence of consumer socialization

74. Which of the following refers to how children learn with respect to consumption?

A. the process of consumer socialization

B. the rate of consumer socialization

C. the impact of consumer socialization

D. the content of consumer socialization

E. the influence of consumer socialization

75. A major basis for concern about marketing to children is their inability to fully process and understand commercial messages. Much of the theory and research in this area is based on

A. Asche's diffusion theory.

B. Weber's intellect enhancement theory.

C. Piaget's stages of cognitive development.

D. Pavlov's process acquisition stages.

E. None of these choices are correct.

76. In children's information processing, the period of concrete operations is characterized by

A. an absence of conceptual thought.

B. the development of language.

C. the development of the ability to apply logical thought to concrete problems.

D. the development of the ability to apply logic to all types of problems.

E. None of these choices are correct.

77. In children's information processing, the period of sensorimotor intelligence is characterized by

A. an absence of conceptual thought.

B. the development of language.

C. the development of the ability to apply logical thought to concrete problems.

D. the development of the ability to apply logic to all types of problems.

E. None of these choices are correct.

78. In children's information processing, the period of preoperational thought is characterized by

A. an absence of conceptual thought.

B. the development of language.

C. the development of the ability to apply logical thought to concrete problems.

D. the development of the ability to apply logic to all types of problems.

E. None of these choices are correct.

79. In children's information processing, the period of formal operations is characterized by

A. an absence of conceptual thought.

B. the development of language.

C. the development of the ability to apply logical thought to concrete problems.

D. the development of the ability to apply logic to all types of problems.

E. None of these choices are correct.

80. Those capabilities necessary for purchases to occur such as understanding money, budgeting, product evaluation, and so forth are referred to as

A. buying skills.

B. consumption-related preferences.

C. consumption-related attitudes.

D. instrumental skills.

E. consumer skills.

81. Bob is teaching his son, Jack, how to handle money, count change, how to save for a desired purchase, and how to choose an appropriate product. Bob is teaching his son

A. buying skills.

B. consumption-related preferences.

C. consumption-related attitudes.

D. economic skills.

E. consumer skills.

82. __________ are the knowledge, attitudes, and values that cause people to attach differential evaluations to products, brands, and retail outlets.

A. Buying skills

B. Consumption-related preferences

C. Consumption-related attitudes

D. Instrumental attitudes

E. Consumer skills

83. Scott and his family have always purchased Honda automobiles because they feel that they are the best quality cars on the market. This attitude is an example of a(n)

A. coping mechanism.

B. consumption-related preference.

C. consumption-related bias.

D. economic skill.

E. mediation.

84. The cognitive and affective orientations toward marketplace stimuli such as advertisements, salespeople, warranties, and so forth is referred to as

A. consumer skills.

B. consumption-related preferences.

C. consumption-related attitudes.

D. instrumental attitudes.

E. mediation preferences.

85. Which of the following is the primary source of consumer socialization?

A. school

B. advertising

C. friends

D. family

E. government

86. Which type of training occurs when a parent or sibling specifically and directly attempts to bring about certain responses through reasoning or reinforcement?

A. consumer training

B. instrumental training

C. modeling

D. mediation

E. coercion

87. __________ occurs when a child learns appropriate, or inappropriate, consumption behaviors by observing others.

A. Consumer training

B. Instrumental training

C. Modeling

D. Mediation

E. Parroting

88. __________ occurs when a parent alters a child's initial interpretation of, or response to, a marketing or other stimulus.

A. Consumer training

B. Instrumental training

C. Modeling

D. Mediation

E. Reprogramming

89. Claire is six years old and begged her mother for a Barbie doll that she saw ice skating in a television commercial. Her mother explained to her that the doll won't be able to ice skate and that she will have to make the doll move. She was trying to explain to Claire that the toys she sees in advertisements are probably going to look more fun than they actually are. Claire's mother is exhibiting

A. mediation.

B. interpretation.

C. modeling.

D. terminal training.

E. interference.

90. Which of the following is not a stage of McNeal's model of how children learn to shop?

A. Stage I: Observing

B. Stage II: Making Requests

C. Stage III: Making Selections

D. Stage IV: Making Recommendations to Other Children

E. Stage V: Making Independent Purchases

91. Susan gave her five-year-old son $10 to purchase a toy at Walmart. She wanted him to learn how to select an appropriate toy and to pay for it with his "own" money, but she would help her son do this. Which stage of McNeal's model of how children learn to shop does this illustrate?

A. Stage I

B. Stage II

C. Stage III

D. Stage IV

E. Stage V

92. The Census Bureau has a classification of households that includes stepfamilies.

93. The term traditional family refers to a married couple and their own or adopted children living at home.

94. Compared to 1970, the percentage of households headed by a married couple has decreased.

95. One reason for the shift in changing family structures is the increase in the number of children families are having.

96. Families pass through an orderly progression of stages, each with its own characteristics, financial situation, and purchasing patterns.

97. The Single I stage of the household life cycle is basically the unmarried members of the baby boom generation.

98. It isn't until the addition of the second child to a family that many changes in lifestyle and consumption occur.

99. Birth or adoption by singles is increasingly common.