CHAPTER 6: NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A message expressed through nonlinguistic means is called __________.
2. assertive communication
3. connotative meaning
4. nonverbal communication
5. denotative meaning
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. Which of the following is most clearly an example of nonverbal communication?
2. Laughter
3. Email
4. American Sign Language
5. Speeches
   

Answer: A
Bloom: Understanding

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. Which of the following statements is true about nonverbal communication?
2. It is unambiguous.
3. It is unrelated to identity management.
4. It helps define relationships.
5. It is easy to avoid.
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Understanding

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. Jared is looking intently at his computer screen when his father walks into his room. What should his father conclude about Jared’s behavior?
2. He is concentrating.
3. He is angry.
4. He does not want to be disturbed.
5. It is impossible to say because nonverbal cues can mean more than one thing.
   

Answer: D
Bloom: Application

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. You have been invited to a party where you don’t know many people. In an effort to make a good first impression that projects confidence, you smile frequently and maintain a relaxed body posture. This nonverbal communication is related to __________.
2. cultural environment
3. identity management
4. disinhibition
5. informal roles
   

Answer: B

Bloom: Application

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. Kylie, an introvert, blushed when her professor complimented her essay in class, praise that drew even more unwanted attention to herself. Her reaction illustrates which characteristic of nonverbal communication?
2. It is relational.
3. It is impossible to avoid.
4. It is essential for success.
5. It cannot be interpreted.
   

Answer: B
Bloom: Application

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. Manuel’s sensitivity in interpreting and understanding others’ nonverbal cues has contributed to his successful career and his popular status. What else might we conclude about Manuel from this information?
2. He learned how to interpret nonverbal cues from his parents.
3. He was at the top of his class in college.
4. His emotional intelligence is high.
5. There is not enough information to conclude anything else about his behavior.
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Application

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. __________ describe deliberate nonverbal behaviors that have precise meanings known to everyone within a cultural group.
2. Emblems
3. Proxemics
4. Chronemics
5. Haptics
   

Answer: A
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. Ethan simply shrugs his shoulders when his mother asks him if he’ll be home Saturday night to babysit his sister. This is an example of __________.
2. repeating
3. substituting
4. complementing
5. regulating
   

Answer: B
Bloom: Application

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. Nonverbal turn-taking cues in a conversation are known as __________.
2. repeating
3. substituting
4. complementing
5. regulating
   

Answer: D
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. Nonverbal cues that reinforce a message are known as __________.
2. repeating
3. substituting
4. complementing
5. regulating
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. Emily is speaking with Tristan. As Emily finishes her statement, she uses a falling intonation pattern to signal she is done. Tristan notices and then begins to comment. This is an example of __________.
2. repeating
3. substituting
4. complementing
5. regulating

Answer: D
Bloom: Application

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. Ivan tells Brittany that he’s not upset with her, but his face has a sullen look. He may be __________.
2. repeating
3. substituting
4. complementing
5. contradicting
   

Answer: D
Bloom: Application

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. Shawna is having a conversation with Darlene about her vegetable garden. As she describes the size of the tomatoes she’s grown, she uses her hands to emphasize their size. She sees her friend Amber walk by, and she waves her hand at her as she continues to speak to Darlene. Darlene wants to contribute to the conversation, but Shawna takes an audible breath and continues to speak. When Shawna finishes talking, she apologizes to Darlene for talking so long. Darlene tells Shawna that “it’s no biggie,” but she looks irritated.
   
   Which part of this description illustrates an emblem?
2. As she describes the size of the tomatoes she’s grown, she uses her hands to emphasize their size.
3. She sees her friend Amber walk by, and she waves her hand at her as she continues to speak to Darlene.
4. Darlene wants to contribute to the conversation, but Shawna takes an audible breath and continues to speak.
5. Darlene tells Shawna that “it’s no biggie,” but she looks irritated.
   

Answer: B
Bloom: Application

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. Shawna is having a conversation with Darlene about her vegetable garden. As she describes the size of the tomatoes she’s grown, she uses her hands to emphasize their size. She sees her friend Amber walk by, and she waves her hand at her as she continues to speak to Darlene. Darlene wants to contribute to the conversation, but Shawna takes an audible breath and continues to speak. When Shawna finishes talking, she apologizes to Darlene for talking so long. Darlene tells Shawna that “it’s no biggie,” but she looks irritated.
   
   Which part of this description illustrates substituting?
2. As she describes the size of the tomatoes she’s grown, she uses her hands to emphasize their size.
3. She sees her friend Amber walk by, and she waves her hand at her as she continues to speak to Darlene.
4. Darlene wants to contribute to the conversation, but Shawna takes an audible breath and continues to speak.
5. Darlene tells Shawna that “It’s no biggie,” but she looks irritated.
   

Answer: B
Bloom: Application

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. Having been lied to before, Haley tends to think most people are dishonest. According to research on deception, Haley has a __________.
2. truth bias
3. deception bias
4. cynical communication style
5. trust aversion
   

Answer: B
Bloom: Application

A-head: Deception and Nonverbal Cues

Objective: 6.3: Analyze the likelihood of identifying deception via nonverbal cues.

1. When asked by his girlfriend, Charee, if he remembered they were having dinner with her parents that night, Lyle begins to stutter and avoids making eye contact. Because of this behavior, she assumes that he is lying when he insists he did remember. Which conclusion from the research on deception should you, as a friend, share with Charee?
2. Most liars also have sweaty palms and fidget.
3. Most liars do stutter and avoid eye contact.
4. Most “commonsense” notions about the behavior of liars are faulty.
5. Most liars insist they are telling the truth.
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Application

A-head: Deception and Nonverbal Cues

Objective: 6.3: Analyze the likelihood of identifying deception via nonverbal cues.

1. You don’t want your parents to know you borrowed their car while they were away on vacation. Your parents are more likely to detect this deception if you __________.
2. feel guilty about lying
3. practice your response in advance
4. feel that having used their car was not a big deal
5. feel confident you can make them believe your response
   

Answer: A
Bloom: Application

A-head: Deception and Nonverbal Cues

Objective: 6.3: Analyze the likelihood of identifying deception via nonverbal cues.

1. Many people who are actually telling the truth may appear to be lying if they are __________.
2. ill
3. unhappy
4. hungry
5. nervous or defensive
   

Answer: D
Bloom: Understanding

A-head: Deception and Nonverbal Cues

Objective: 6.3: Analyze the likelihood of identifying deception via nonverbal cues.

1. What is one of the primary reasons that it is difficult to detect deception?
2. Nonverbal cues are essential for success.
3. Nonverbal cues are ambiguous.
4. Nonverbal cues are related to identity management.
5. Nonverbal cues are impossible to avoid.
   

Answer: B

Bloom: Understanding

A-head: Deception and Nonverbal Cues

Objective: 6.3: Analyze the likelihood of identifying deception via nonverbal cues.

1. __________ influence the degree to which people either overlook or imagine deception by others.
2. Dysfunctional roles
3. Disconfirming responses
4. Internal biases
5. Confirming responses
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Deception and Nonverbal Cues

Objective: 6.3: Analyze the likelihood of identifying deception via nonverbal cues.

1. The study of touch is called __________.
2. chronemics
3. kinesics
4. proxemics
5. haptics
   

Answer: D
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. Nervous about a speech she is giving in class, Terri rubs her temples frequently when speaking. This nonverbal behavior is called a(n) __________.
2. disfluency
3. regulator
4. affect blend
5. manipulator
   

Answer: D
Bloom: Application

A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. Fatima was uncomfortable when a stranger sat very close to her on the bus, but when an attractive classmate moved closer to her to see what she was writing, she was delighted. This behavior falls under which category of nonverbal communication?
2. kinesics
3. proxemics
4. haptics
5. chronemics
   

Answer: B
Bloom: Application

A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. Bryan’s speech tends to speed up when he is nervous, and his pitch becomes higher. Which is the correct description of these nonverbal behaviors?
2. His speed is chronemics, and his pitch is paralanguage.
3. His speed is paralanguage, and his pitch is chronemics.
4. Both his speed and pitch are paralanguage.
5. Both his speed and pitch are chronemics.
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Application

A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. Stammering—the use of “uh,” “um,” “er,” and so on—is also called ________________.
2. Disfluency
3. paralanguage
4. an affect blend
5. a manipulator
   

Answer: A
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. Showing both fear and happiness at the same time is an example of a(n) __________.
2. disfluency
3. paralanguage
4. affect blend
5. manipulator
   

Answer: C

Bloom: Understanding
A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. Touching your index finger to your thumb while your other fingers point upward means “OK” in the United States, but in which country does it mean you’re worth zero?
2. France
3. Japan
4. Russia
5. Turkey
   

Answer: A
Bloom: Remembering
A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. Kendrick was in his room reading. His room is decorated with science fiction collectables. He had asked Felicia to come by to talk at 5 p.m., but she arrived at 6 p.m. When she arrives, she begins speaking to him at very close range. Kendrick is uncomfortable with this. He was also hoping to speak to her in the living room, not in his room. Felicia makes judgments about Kendrick’s personality based on his room décor.
   
   Which part of this description illustrates environment as a type of nonverbal communication?
2. His room is decorated in science fiction collectables, and Felicia makes judgments about him from her observation.
3. He was hoping to speak to her in the living room, not in his room.
4. Felicia makes Kendrick uncomfortable with her close-proximity conversation.
5. Felicia is late.
   

Answer: A

Bloom: Application
A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. Kendrick was in his room reading. His room is decorated with science fiction collectables. He had asked Felicia to come by to talk at 5 p.m., but she arrived at 6 p.m. When she arrives, she begins speaking to him at very close range. Kendrick is uncomfortable with this. He was also hoping to speak to her in the living room, not in his room. Felicia makes judgments about Kendrick’s personality based on his room décor.
   
   Which part of this description illustrates chronemics as a type of nonverbal communication?
2. His room is decorated in science fiction collectables, and Felicia makes judgments about him from her observation.
3. Kendrick is in his room rather than the living room.
4. Felicia makes Kendrick uncomfortable with her close-proximity conversation.
5. Felicia is late.
   

Answer: D

Bloom: Application
A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. Clara is a very punctual person who prefers to complete one task before starting another. Clara has a __________ orientation.
2. chronemic
3. polychronic
4. monochromic
5. synchronic
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Application
A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. The presidents of universities often have the largest offices on campus. This is an illustration of which nonverbal contextual element?
2. Territory
3. Environment
4. Chronemics
5. Proxemics
   

Answer: A
Bloom: Understanding
A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. You prefer classrooms with natural light and a view of the campus through the window. This preference is related to which contextual element of nonverbal communication?
2. Territory
3. Environment
4. Chronemics
5. Proxemics
   

Answer: B
Bloom: Understanding
A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. The study of how human beings use and structure time is called __________.
2. Chronemics
3. synchronicity
4. proxemics
5. haptics
   

Answer: A
Bloom: Remembering
A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. The study of the how people use space is called __________.
2. chronemics
3. monochronic
4. polychronic
5. proxemics
   

Answer: D
Bloom: Remembering
A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. South American, Mediterranean, and Arab cultures are known for which approach to time?
2. Chronemic
3. Monochronic
4. Polychronic
5. Proxemic
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Remembering
A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. Your boss did not respond to an email you sent and then resent. When you see her in the hallway, you mention the email, and say, I assumed you were busy or you were waiting to see me in person to talk about my message. This is an example of __________.
2. selective attention
3. affect blend
4. social exchange theory
5. perception checking
   

Answer: D

Bloom: Application
A-head: Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness

Objective: 6.6: Analyze the relationship between nonverbal communication and attractiveness.

1. You want to look your best at an upcoming event. According to research on models who were rated more attractive, what color should you wear?
2. Orange or yellow
3. Red or black
4. Grey or white
5. Green or blue
   

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering
A-head: Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness

Objective: 6.6: Analyze the relationship between nonverbal communication and attractiveness.

1. The volume on your television has not been working, so you ended up watching a movie with the sound off. You decide to watch more TV this way in the future as you feel it increased your communication competence in which way?
2. It helped you pay closer attention to nonverbal cues.
3. It encouraged you to consider context.
4. It provided practice in perception checking.
5. It promoted greater sensitivity to paralanguage.
   

Answer: A
Bloom: Application
A-head: Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness

Objective: 6.6: Analyze the relationship between nonverbal communication and attractiveness.

1. Your mother is feeling insecure about her looks after starting a new job with younger coworkers. What advice based on research do you offer to help boost her self-confidence?
2. Dress in less expensive clothing brands that won’t intimidate coworkers.
3. Remember that as people get to know and like one another, they rate each other higher in terms of physical attractiveness.
4. Get a tattoo. It will make you seem more hip and more attractive to younger coworkers.
5. Don’t worry about being perceived as attractive. This won’t affect how you are treated on the job.
   

Answer: B

Bloom: Application
A-head: Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness

Objective: 6.6: Analyze the relationship between nonverbal communication and attractiveness.

1. Employers sometimes turn down especially good-looking candidates because they perceive them to be __________.
2. manipulators
3. snobs
4. threats
5. distractions
   

Answer: C

Bloom: Understanding
A-head: Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness

Objective: 6.6: Analyze the relationship between nonverbal communication and attractiveness.

1. Asking yourself which interpretation of a nonverbal cue is most consistent with the sender’s other nonverbal behaviors is a way of __________.
2. considering the context
3. becoming highly observant
4. perception checking
5. self-monitoring
   

Answer: A
Bloom: Understanding
A-head: Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness

Objective: 6.6: Analyze the relationship between nonverbal communication and attractiveness.

1. Which of the following assertions about gender and nonverbal communication is true?
2. There are no recognizable differences in the ways men and women express themselves nonverbally.
3. Biology is responsible for gender differences in nonverbal communication.
4. Women are typically more nonverbally expressive than men.
5. The differences in gendered communication are greater than most people think.
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Understanding
A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication.

1. Darius is a college student who plays video games every night for entertainment. Most of the games he enjoys portray women as weak and helpless and men as strong and independent. What does research suggest we can assume about Darius?
2. His beliefs about gender are stereotypical.
3. He is more likely to be prone to violence.
4. His grades are suffering because of his gaming.
5. His gaming friends are also all men.

Answer: A
Bloom: Application
A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication.

1. You are at a party with another friend and make a wager with him that you can predict how the group of men and women you’ve just met will behave. You are likely to win the bet if you make which of the following assertions?
2. Men will use more hand gestures.
3. Men will use more head gestures.
4. Men will touch others more.
5. Women will stand closer to others.
   

Answer: D
Bloom: Application
A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication.

1. Nonverbal differences are less pronounced in conversations involving __________ individuals.
2. heterosexual
3. gay and lesbian
4. highly educated
5. highly intuitive
   

Answer: B
Bloom: Understanding
A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication.

1. Katie is much better than Enrico at interpreting the nonverbal cues of their boss. What explanation might you offer for this difference, applying a historical perspective?
2. Because women have historically had less power, they have had greater incentive to read men’s nonverbal cues than the other way around.
3. Higher levels of testosterone make men less sensitive to nonverbal cues.
4. Higher levels of estrogen make women more sensitive to nonverbal cues.
5. Historically, men who ignore nonverbal cues rise more quickly to positions of power in organizations.
   

Answer: A
Bloom: Application
A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication.

1. Because you may overestimate how well you hide your anxiety, boredom, or eagerness from others, it is important to __________.
2. consider the context
3. perception check
4. observe yourself
5. monitor your tone of voice
   

Answer: C
Bloom: Understanding
A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication

1. To strike a pleasing balance, experts recommend making eye contact but glancing away briefly every __________ seconds
   
2. 3 to 5
3. 7 to 10
4. 12 to 15
5. 17 to 20
   

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication
Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication

1. Tone of voice has how many basic dimensions?
   
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6
5. 7

Answer: A

Bloom: Remembering
A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication
Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication

TRUE/FALSE

1. American Sign Language is primarily nonverbal.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. Tears are an easy form of nonverbal communication to interpret.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. Not communicating can still send a message.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A

Bloom: Understanding

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. Nonverbal encoding and decoding skills are strong predictors of popularity, attractiveness, and overall well-being.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A
Bloom: Understanding

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

1. People remember comments accompanied by gestures more than those made with words alone.
2. True
3. False

`

Answer: A
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. When the emotions conveyed via verbal and nonverbal messages are at odds, people tend to believe the verbal message.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. Glancing at your phone can be a regulating behavior.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A
Bloom: Understanding

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. People are better at detecting deception when they are observing rather than participating in the conversation.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

1. Child care professionals or parents who interact with children every day are exceptionally skilled at determining if children are telling the truth.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Deception and Nonverbal Cues

Objective: 6.3: Analyze the likelihood of identifying deception via nonverbal cues.

1. Close friends and romantic partners are better than strangers at detecting when their partners are lying.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Deception and Nonverbal Cues

Objective: 6.3: Analyze the likelihood of identifying deception via nonverbal cues.

1. If your date avoids eye contact when she claims a traffic jam made her late to pick you up, she is probably lying.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Application

A-head: Deception and Nonverbal Cues

Objective: 6.3: Analyze the likelihood of identifying deception via nonverbal cues.

1. If you want to feel more confident before an interview, you should assume a power pose.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. Scientist call fidgeting behavior emblems.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. If you want to signal “job well done!” in Japan, you should use the thumps-up sign, whose meaning is universal.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. Applying the results of a study of the National Basketball Association would lead you as a college coach to encourage touching among teammates in the hope of improving your team’s performance.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A
Bloom: Application

A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

1. Scientists have created interactive robots that take proxemics into account.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. People tend to use nonverbal markers to declare which territory is theirs.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. Louisa enjoys multitasking and keeping her schedule flexible. Applying the research on how people use and structure time, you might conclude she is Swiss rather than Mediterranean.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Application

A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. The fact that you have to make an appointment to see a specialist, whose time is considered valuable, falls under the category of proxemics.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Understanding

A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

1. Overall, people with visible tattoos have the same chance of being hired as those without visible ink.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness

Objective: 6.6: Analyze the relationship between nonverbal communication and attractiveness.

1. Posture, gestures, facial expressions, and other behaviors can increase the attractiveness of an otherwise unremarkable person.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A
Bloom: Understanding

A-head: Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness

Objective: 6.6: Analyze the relationship between nonverbal communication and attractiveness.

1. If someone yawns when you are telling a story, you should assume the yawn signals boredom.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Application

A-head: Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness

Objective: 6.6: Analyze the relationship between nonverbal communication and attractiveness.

1. Most communication scholars agree that gender differences are influenced more by biology than society.
2. True
3. False

Answer: B
Bloom: Remembering

A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication.

1. Gay characters are often treated as comical figures in film.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A
Bloom: Understanding

A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication.

1. Because women have traditionally been responsible for child care, they may have learned to display and decipher nonverbal cues to better communicate with youngsters who are not yet proficient using language.
2. True
3. False

Answer: A
Bloom: Understanding

A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication.

SHORT ANSWER

76. Why is complementary nonverbal behavior significant?

Answer: If your nonverbal behavior does not complement or reinforce the content of your message, you are unlikely to be believed, regardless of what you say verbally.

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

77. What are the five functions served by nonverbal communication?

Answer: Repeating, substituting, complementing, regulating, and contradicting.

A-head: Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Objective 6.2: Describe key functions served by nonverbal communication.

78. What cues indicate that someone is lying.

Answer: Decades of research indicate that there are no foolproof cues that indicate someone is lying.

A-head: Deception and Nonverbal Cues

Objective: 6.3: Analyze the likelihood of identifying deception via nonverbal cues.

79. Identify the seven types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors.

Answer: Posture, fidgeting, smiling, eye contact, expressions of emotion, voice, and touch.

A-head: Kinesic Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.4: Summarize types of kinesic nonverbal behaviors and their impact on interactions.

80. Identify two explanations for why women may be especially sensitive to nonverbal cues.

Answer: Women may be especially sensitive to nonverbal cues because traditionally they have been less powerful than men and more responsible for child care.

A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication.

ESSAY QUESTIONS

81. Explain why nonverbal communication is essential to success.

Main point: Nonverbal communication is an important part of communication.

Answers must include:
a) Nonverbal communication skills are strong predictors of popularity, attractiveness, and overall well-being.
b) Good nonverbal communicators are more persuasive than people who are less skilled.
c) Nonverbal sensitivity is a major part of what some social scientists call “emotional intelligence.”

Answers may include:
a) It is impossible to fully understand spoken language without paying attention to its nonverbal dimensions.
b) Good nonverbal communicators have a greater chance of success in settings ranging from careers to poker to romance.
c) Nonverbal communication is occurring all the time, so it’s important to understand something that is impossible to avoid.

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

82. Explain how nonverbal communication is impossible to avoid.

Main point: Nonverbal communication is often involuntary and automatic.

Answers must include:
a) If you try not to send nonverbal cues, you are still sending a message.
b) Scientists think that some nonverbal cues are beyond people’s control because the limbic section of the brain, which encodes and decodes these cues, also triggers automatic responses to the environment.
c) These automatic responses present cues to the people around you.

Answers may include:
a) There’s a survival advantage to jumping when something scary pops out of the bushes, or getting a burst of adrenaline in a stressful situation.
b) Automatic responses are not easy to interpret.

c) We may not be able to control responses such as blushing, stammering, or crying.

A-head: The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.1: Explain the defining characteristics of nonverbal communication.

83. Explain how chronemics function as nonverbal communication.

Main point: Chronemics is the study of how people use and structure time.

Answers must include:
a) Chronemics vary across cultures.
b) A monochronic approach emphasizes punctuality, schedules, and completing one thing at a time.
c) A polychronic approach involves flexible schedules in which people pursue multiple tasks at the same time.

Answers may include:
a) North American, German, and Swiss cultures tend to be monochronic.
b) South American, Mediterranean, and Arab cultures are more polychronic.

c) Even within cultures, time is treated differently depending on who is involved and their status.

A-head: Nonverbal Aspects of Space, Time, and Place

Objective: 6.5: Assess the nonverbal implications of proxemics, chronemics, territoriality, and physical environment.

84. Describe the relationships between nonverbal cues and attractiveness.

Main point: Good looks are generally an advantage, but extreme attractiveness can intimidate others.

Answers must include:
a) Clothing colors and style influence perceived attractiveness.
b) Tattoos are evaluated differently depending on age and gender but are still discouraged in most work environments.
c) People can boost their attractiveness level nonverbally.

Answers may include:
a) More than 200 managers in one survey admitted that attractive people get preferential treatment both in hiring decisions and on the job.
b) Evidence suggests that, as people get to know and like one another, they rate each other higher in terms of physical attractiveness.
c) Posture, gestures, facial expressions, and other behaviors can increase the attractiveness of an otherwise unremarkable person.

A-head: Nonverbal Cues and Attractiveness

Objective: 6.6: Analyze the relationship between nonverbal communication and attractiveness.

85. Describe the relationships between gender and nonverbal communication.

Main point: Gender differences are significant but not as great as many people think.

Answers must include:
a) Gender and culture have an influence on nonverbal style, but the differences are often a matter of degree and cultural influence.
b) Women on average display more expressive (but less expansive) nonverbal cues than men do.
c) Media portrayals emphasize women’s appearance and men’s ruggedness, and they generally underrepresent gender diversity.

Answers may include:
a) Women may be especially sensitive to nonverbal cues because traditionally they have been less powerful than men and more responsible for child care.
b) Women stand closer to others and touch others more.
c) Women are more vocally expressive and make more eye contact.

A-head: Gender and Nonverbal Communication

Objective: 6.7: Illustrate how social ideas about gender influence nonverbal communication.