Ch6 Can’T We All Just Get Along? Racial Verified Test Bank

Chapter 6: Can’t We All Just Get Along? Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 1

1) Whose death by police in 2020 prompted protests around the country?

Section reference: 1

a. Eric Garner

b. Sandra Bland

c. George Floyd

d. Tamir Rice

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 2

2) What is the bad apples theory of racial profiling by US police?

Section reference: 1

a. Bad actors in the police force—like bad apples—can spoil the bunch as in harm the entire police force.

b. Particular officers—a few bad apples—who hold negative attitudes against Black people and actively discriminate should be treated as isolated cases.

c. Police must use consistent forceful measures to find the bad apples in society who are committing crimes.

d. It only takes a few bad apples to unfairly ruin the reputation of an entire police force.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 3

3) What is the percentage of African Americans in the US population reported by the Census Bureau for 2019?

Section reference: 1

a. 13%

b. 33%

c. 51%

d. 76%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 4

4) What percentage of people self-identified as multiracial in the 2019 Census report?

Section reference: 1

a. 3%

b. 13%

c. 23%

d. 33%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 5

5) According to the American Sociological Association, _____ refers to “shared culture, such as language, ancestry, practices, and beliefs,” while _____ refers to “physical differences that groups and cultures consider socially significant.”

Section reference: 1

a. race ; ethnicity

b. biology ; heritage

c. heritage ; biology

d. ethnicity ; race

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 6

6) The idea of distinguishable groups based on race is something that has existed for many years. In the 19th century biologists attempted to develop a typology that grouped humans into categories.

Section reference: 1

a. Negroid and Caucasoid, which essentially translates into Black/Arabic/Middle Eastern/Asian and White/European/Jewish

b. Negroid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid, which essentially translates into Black, Asian, and White

c. Caucasoid and non-Caucasoid, which essentially translates into White and non-White

d. Negroid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid, which essentially translates into Africa/Middle East, Asia/Oceania, and European/America/Latin America

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 7

7) Which of the following are examples of ethnicities?

Section reference: 1

a. Hispanic, Irish

b. Asian, Hispanic, African American

c. White, American

d. Black, Asian

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 8

8) Race is a social construction and only loosely based in biology. One illustration of this is

Section reference: 2

a. race categories are constant across time and place.

b. ethnicity is more scientifically clear-cut than race.

c. one’s racial categorization may differ from one country to another, depending on how groups are defined by distinct societies.

d. races become mixed with intermarriage.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 9

9) Sociologists define a minority group not in terms of its numerical size but rather

Section reference: 2

a. as a group that suffers from unequal treatment due to lack of access to power in relation to the dominant group.

b. as one group of many smaller groups in a society that do not collectively comprise a majority.

c. as a group deemed inferior in a society even if it controls access to more social, economic, and political power.

d. in terms of its numerical size relative to the majority or dominant group.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 10

10) An example of the sociological approach to the minority/majority dynamic is

Section reference: 2

a. a society with equal shares of race/ethnic groups has no minority/majority distinctions because each group is the same size.

b. as the US Hispanic population grows, so too does its power and majority potential based only on its rapid growth.

c. US Whites are dropping in their share of the population compared to other fast-growing groups; therefore, Whites are becoming a minority group.

d. Blacks under the apartheid system in South Africa constituted the numerical majority, but all the social, economic, and political power remained with the much smaller White population.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 11

11) Prejudice consists of

Section reference: 2

a. mistreatment, actions, and behaviors taken against a particular group of people.

b. judgement grounded in consistent and unchallenged evidence.

c. a negative attitude or set of beliefs about a particular group of people.

d. all of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 12

12) Discrimination is

Section reference: 2

a. mistreatment, actions, and behaviors taken against a particular group of people.

b. judgement grounded in consistent and unchallenged evidence.

c. a negative attitude or set of beliefs about a particular group of people.

d. all of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 13

13) Which of the following categories of Merton’s typology of prejudice and discrimination is the least harmful in terms of fighting racism?

Section reference: 2

a. Unprejudiced Non-Discriminator

b. Prejudiced Discriminator

c. Prejudiced Non-Discriminator

d. Unprejudiced Discriminator

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 14

14) Why would color-blind racism be more difficult to eradicate than open racism?

Section reference: 2

a. Because all groups can claim to be color-blind.

b. Because people think racism is no longer a problem and dismiss the discussion of racial inequality without considering the evidence.

c. Because—despite its persistence in our society today—it is so subtle that there is hardly any problem left to see and fix.

d. Because even Whites can be victims of this type of racism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 15

15) Which of the following is an example of white privilege?

Section reference: 2

a. White people in the U.S. are 2 to 10 times more likely to get a housing loan than people of color.

b. Many White people hold negative and inaccurate stereotypes about people from other racial/ethnic groups.

c. Whites are convinced that they have unearned/unfair benefits based on their whiteness.

d. Non-white students are offered college scholarships as part of Affirmative Action.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 16

16) In direct opposition to the notion of White privilege, which group feels there is actually more “Black privilege”?

Section reference: 2

a. Women of all racial/ethnic backgrounds

b. US veterans

c. Working-class Whites

d. Black middle-class families

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 17

17) A White person saying, “The worst thing to do to someone is to call them a racist! I don’t see color!” is an example of

Section reference: 2

a. reverse racism.

b. White fragility.

c. Unprejudiced Discriminator.

d. Apartheid.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 18

18) According to the World Value Survey, the United States is _____ of others than other places in the world.

Section reference: 2

a. more intolerant

b. no more intolerant

c. no less tolerant

d. more tolerant

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 19

19) What factor does sociologist race expert William Julius Wilson content is a more dominant stratifier in the U.S. than race?

Section reference: 2

a. Gender

b. Sexuality

c. Class

d. Nothing

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 20

20) Which of the following places was found to have more intolerant racial views according to the World Value Survey?

Section reference: 2

a. Latin America

b. U.S.

c. Scandinavian countries

d. Middle East and Asia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 21

21) The notion that racist actions and beliefs are embedded in the structure of society is referred to as

Section reference: 3

a. color-blind racism.

b. institutional discrimination.

c. Jim Crow racism.

d. reverse racism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 22

22) While _____ focuses on particular aspects of the problem, _____ involves a more holistic devaluing of African Americans in society.

Section reference: 3

a. prejudice ; discrimination

b. discrimination ; prejudice

c. systemic racism ; institutional discrimination

d. institutional discrimination ; systemic racism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 23

23) What is racial steering?

Section reference: 3

a. Efforts to encourage white people to avoid non-white people in social situations

b. A practice by which real estate agents attempt to convince minority home buyers to live in neighborhoods with more minorities and fewer Whites

c. Education tracking of students by race groups

d. Profiling by police officers by race

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 24

24) What is redlining?

Section reference: 3

a. A practice by which real estate agents attempt to convince minority home buyers to live in neighborhoods outside of the redlined areas with more minorities and fewer Whites

b. This is the practice of towns or cities making neighborhood boundaries, formally separating White from Black neighborhoods.

c. To determine which homes were suitable for federal home loan support as part of the New Deal, the loan agency created a color-coded map. Green areas were predominantly White and thus considered the best; undesirable areas were colored red and were predominantly Black. This system excluded Black residents from receiving support to buy their homes.

d. After slavery was abolished, the federal government published and distributed maps with red states and blue states, denoting where African Americans were welcome to move or not.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 25

25) According to the U.S. Department of Education, in 2018, while 90% of Asians and 88% of Whites graduated high school, ______ make it to graduation.

Section reference: 3

a. 78% of Hispanics and 75% of African Americans

b. 80% of Hispanics and 78% of African Americans

c. 82% of Hispanics and 80% of African Americans

d. 85% of Hispanics and 81% of African Americans

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 26

26) One study examined how minority achievement in education related to parents’ wealth. The study found

Section reference: 3

a. wealth played little role in a child’s educational achievement.

b. race alone, regardless of parents’ wealth or level of education, is the largest predictor of a child’s education.

c. the level of education of one’s parents and their wealth are the two best predictors of the quality of higher education their children will receive.

d. parents’ education level played little role in a child’s educational achievement.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 27

27) People of color primarily find themselves in

Section reference: 3

a. semi-skilled or unskilled jobs.

b. unemployment.

c. highly skilled jobs.

d. management and professional jobs.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 28

28) According to U.S. Census data, which group has the lowest median household income for both 2017 and 2018?

Section reference: 3

a. Asian

b. Black

c. Hispanic

d. American Indian/Pacific Islander

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 29

29) What is racial profiling?

Section reference: 3

a. When police may hold racial/ethnic stereotypes or prejudices, but do not act on them.

b. Data that police use to narrow down suspects for a given offense.

c. When police initiate contact with people of color based solely on racial/ethnic appearance.

d. When police initiate contact with people of color based on their current behavior and/or past criminal record relevant to a given offense.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 30

30) According to the Uniform Crime Reports, in 2018, African Americans represented about 13% of the population but approximately what percentage of all arrests?

Section reference: 3

a. 7%

b. 15%

c. 27%

d. 48%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 31

31) While data is inconclusive, available reports indicate that homicide by police (either justifiable or not) could represent about what percentage of US deaths of arrested people in custody?

Section reference: 3

a. 20%

b. 60%

c. 10%

d. 80%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 32

32) Regarding sentencing, data shows that Blacks and Latinos were generally

Section reference: 3

a. sentenced less harshly than Whites and Asians.

b. sentenced at similar levels as Asians.

c. sentenced more harshly than Whites.

d. sentenced at similar levels as Whites.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 33

33) While they represented approximately 13% of the overall population in this country in 2018, African Americans represented what percentage of those incarcerated in state and federal prisons?

Section reference: 3

a. 8%

b. 13%

c. 33%

d. 50%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 34

34) A White child born in 2015 has a life expectancy of 76 years while White females can generally expect to live 81 years, according to the Center for Disease Control. An African American male’s life expectancy is _____ years and African American females can expect to live to about _____ years.

Section reference: 3

a. 71 ; 78

b. 74 ; 80

c. 71 ; 83

d. 78 ; 83

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 35

35) Functionalists assert that the positive feelings of being a part of a group, even a subordinate one that has less access to social, economic, and political power, tends to

Section reference: 4

a. make dominant groups even stronger because subordinate groups are not bothered by the separation.

b. promote and maintain strong ties among group members, but can also be associated with fear and hostility toward and from other groups.

c. promote and maintain strong ties among group members which helps to foster less conflict with and greater respect from other groups.

d. be harmful for all groups because there should only be one group.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 36

36) Some of the more recent applications of conflict theory to explain racial inequalities address

Section reference: 4

a. settler-colonialism.

b. impact of appropriation of Indigenous lands on Native Americans.

c. intersectional factors including gender and sexuality.

d. all of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 37

37) Critical Race theory includes

Section reference: 4

a. trying to address and dispel myths and stereotypes that individuals have about people from other race/ethnicity groups.

b. examination of how people perceive and respond to race especially in terms of white privilege and white fragility.

c. an emphasis on group solidarity and social cohesion.

d. advocacy and activism to identify and challenge racist laws and policies that target minorities.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 38

38) While events in 2020 surrounding race and how racism is expressed in our society are dramatic, controversial, and even contested, one example of how a symbolic interactionist might understand how race influences relationships and interactions among people can be seen in

Section reference: 4

a. the acquittal of impeachment charges for then President Donald Trump on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.

b. the US statistics about race and health related to the Covid-19 pandemic.

c. the protests (and counter-protests) to remove statues of famous Confederate leaders in cities and on campuses around the country that were perceived as symbols of racial hatred and/or support for white supremacy.

d. the televised debates for the 2020 US presidential election.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 39

39) Stereotypes, labeling, and prejudice are key aspects of analysis for

Section reference: 4

a. Functionalists.

b. Conflict Theorists.

c. Symbolic Interactionists.

d. Critical Race Theorists.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 40

40) Affirmative Action is generally defined as

Section reference: 5

a. programs to address white privilege among white employees and students.

b. employment and education policies and approaches to increase representation and equal opportunities for minorities.

c. workplace diversity training.

d. lower taxation of minority employees as reparations for past and present racial inequalities.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 41

41) What two laws passed by Congress empowered the U.S. Department of Justice to take steps to eliminate race discrimination?

Section reference: 5

a. Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act

b. New Deal and Welfare Reform

c. Jim Crow Laws and New Deal

d. Brown vs. Board of Education and Voting Rights Act

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 42

42) Which of the following is an unfortunate drawback to Affirmative Action outlined by Christopher Jencks?

Section reference: 5

a. Wealthy and privileged Whites, who have the cultural capital, social networks, and resources to do so, will typically not be able to find other opportunities to succeed if preferential treatment is afforded to minorities.

b. The programs and policies have not been shown to be effective at reducing inequalities in the workplace and in schools.

c. Some minority people in workplace and other contexts might always feel unfairly pressured to have to prove their worth beyond what a White person would have to do in a similar situation.

d. People tend to lie about their race or ethnicity in order to be considered for preferential treatment in their workplace and/or education applications.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 43

43) Which of the following is NOT a key argument made by advocates of affirmative action?

Section reference: 5

a. It addresses that Blacks were denied opportunities during slavery and onward, depriving them from equal opportunity.

b. White people should give up more resources and opportunities out of guilt and shame for white racism.

c. The idea of preferential treatment today is based on this legacy of slavery, where one group gained a considerable advantage over another.

d. Given a fair representation of all people in society, minorities should see their level of participation in all walks of life be equal especially where merit is equal.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 44

44) Which of the following is an example of an effective anti-racism education strategy?

Section reference: 5

a. Separating students from others from different race groups

b. Recognizing White ideology and identifying micro-aggressions

c. Matching teachers with only students from the same race group

d. Promote color-blindness

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 45

45) In studying micro-aggressions in the classroom, Brookfield found evidence that

Section reference: 5

a. minorities are often excluded from classroom discussions and are generally not given the same opportunities as their White counterparts.

b. White teachers were overwhelmingly more attentive to non-White students.

c. teachers were acutely aware of their White ideology and were able to consciously avoid micro-aggressions.

d. students are generally unaware of any insult or exclusion on the part of teachers against them.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 46

46) Which of the following is NOT a feature of the best workplace diversity programs?

Section reference: 5

a. They should engage managers and co-worker contact across all races/ethnicities.

b. They should be driven from the top of the organization completely and consistently to enforce compliance.

c. They should promote social accountability.

d. They should grow organically with staff input and support.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 47

47) Which of the following is an example of the negative and dangerous potential for individuals on social media to spread misinformation and foment racial violence?

Section reference: 5

a. 2020 death of George Floyd by police homicide

b. Blue Lives Matter movement

c. January 6, 2021 attack on US capitol building

d. Black Lives Matter movement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 48

48) Which of the following is NOT a good step to take toward an increased understanding of US racial issues?

Section reference: 5

a. Explore your own racial and ethnic identity, and level of privilege.

b. Seek out online hate groups to argue with and debate.

c. Expose yourself to more diversity.

d. Confront your own stereotypes and prejudices.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 49

49) At its core, the Black Lives Matter movement

Section reference: 5

a. is working to abolish police and encourage a lawless society.

b. promotes racial division and chaos by singling out one group over other groups which also matter.

c. seeks to highlight ways in which African Americans are superior to other races and ethnicities.

d. is about recognizing the disparities and injustices for African Americans that have existed throughout US history.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 50

50) What is the best way for people as individuals to address racism in the U.S.?

Section reference: 5

a. Educate yourself.

b. Seek to be color-blind.

c. Attack people who commit micro-aggressions.

d. Avoid uncomfortable conversations with people of other races or ethnicities.