Ch6 Body Composition | Test Bank – Full Format – 14e

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Student name:__________

1) Why do women have a higher proportion of essential fat than men?

A) Women have essential fat deposited in gender-specific sites.
B) Women have lower metabolic rates.
C) Women have less muscle tissue.
D) Women tend to expend less energy in physical activity.

2) Which statement is true about the location of fat in the body?

A) Intra-abdominal fat is located under the skin, and adipose fat is located around major organs.
B) Subcutaneous fat is located under the skin, and visceral fat is located around major organs.
C) Intra-abdominal fat is located around major organs, and adipose fat is located under the skin.
D) Subcutaneous fat is located around major organs, and visceral fat is located under the skin.

3) The number of fat cells a person has is determined by

A) lifestyle.
B) age.
C) gender.
D) genetics.

4) The percentage of Americans classified as obese is nearly ________ percent.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

5) What is one possible explanation for the increase in obesity among Americans over the past 40 years?

A) fewer meals eaten outside the home
B) less time spent in sedentary work
C) lower consumption of fast food
D) increased portion sizes

6) A disease often associated with excess body weight is

A) pneumonia.
B) hypertension.
C) diabetes.
D) influenza.

7) What is a symptom of metabolic syndrome?

A) low blood pressure
B) resistance to the effects of insulin
C) low blood glucose levels
D) subnormal blood fat levels

8) The "pear shape" (fat stored in the hips, thighs, and buttocks) is typical of

A) older (postmenopausal) women.
B) older men.
C) younger (premenopausal) women.
D) younger men.

9) People who gain weight in the ________ are at greater risk for high blood pressure, diabetes, early-onset heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, and mortality.

A) thighs
B) hips
C) abdomen
D) buttocks

10) Over the past half-century, the popular image of the "ideal" body has changed from

A) slightly plump to unhealthily thin.
B) healthily thin to unhealthily thin.
C) unhealthily thin to slightly plump.
D) slightly plump to healthily thin.

11) According to experts, a percentage of body fat below the range of ________ is unhealthy.

A) 1% to 3% for men and 3% to 5% for women
B) 3% to 5% for men and 8% to 12% for women
C) 8% to 12% for men and 15% to 20% for women
D) 15% to 20% for men and 20% to 25% for women

12) Women with too little body fat may experience amenorrhea, defined as ________ menstruation.

A) frequent
B) excessive
C) a complete end to
D) absent or infrequent

13) Which statement is true?

A) Body fat is easier to measure than body weight is.
B) Body weight, rather than body fat, is the more accurate measure of body composition.
C) Body fat is a more accurate measure of body composition than body weight is.
D) Body weight measurements differentiate between overweight and overfat.

14) In the past, people relied on height-weight tables that were based on insurance company mortality statistics, but these were inaccurate because

A) muscle weighs more than fat.
B) fat weighs more than muscle.
C) fit people tend to weigh less than people who are not fit.
D) a person who is not fit may have a higher bone density than a person who is fit.

15) Which technique for evaluating health risks associated with body weight is based on the concept that a person's weight should be proportional to his or her height—thus yielding sometimes inaccurate results?

A) underwater weighing
B) body mass index
C) skinfold measurement
D) bioelectrical impedance analysis

16) The condition called the "female athlete triad" includes abnormal eating patterns,

A) premature osteoporosis, and amenorrhea.
B) insulin sensitivity, and amenorrhea.
C) premature osteoporosis, and dysmenorrhea.
D) insulin sensitivity, and dysmenorrhea.

17) According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO), a BMI of ________ is normal and healthy.

A) 15.1 to 19.9
B) 18.5 to 24.9
C) 25.9 to 29.1
D) 29.5 to 35.4

18) A person with a BMI of 25 or above is classified as

A) underweight.
B) normal weight.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

19) A BMI of 17.5 or less is sometimes used as a diagnostic criterion for

A) obesity.
B) bulimia.
C) prediabetes.
D) anorexia nervosa.

20) People are considered obese if their BMI is ________ or above.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40

21) One significant method for assessing body fat distribution is measurement of ________ circumference.

A) thigh
B) waist
C) neck
D) chest

22) BMI is only an indirect indicator of body fatness and therefore will not accurately classify all individuals, specifically because it fails to distinguish between

A) males and females.
B) organs and muscles.
C) elderly and youthful people.
D) fat weight and fat-free weight.

23) Hydrostatic (underwater) weighing uses which statistic(s) to predict the percentage of body fat?

A) body mass index
B) body density
C) fat weight
D) height and weight

24) The Bod Pod, a small chamber that contains computerized sensors, uses ________ to measure body composition.

A) air density
B) water density
C) air displacement
D) water displacement

25) A person's skinfold measurements often differ between the morning and the evening due to

A) relaxation of the muscles as the day progresses.
B) the intake of calories during the day.
C) changes in the amount of water in the body.
D) an increase in the amount of oxygen in the blood.

26) To prevent errors in bioelectrical impedance analysis, it is best to avoid ________ prior to measurement.

A) eating
B) excessive exercise
C) recalibrating the device
D) overhydration or underhydration

27) The terms endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph are all ________, which describe basic body builds.

A) phenotypes
B) somatotypes
C) genotypes
D) metatypes

28) If assessment tests indicate that you need to lose weight for your health but you are otherwise healthy, your first step should be to

A) start exercising.
B) go on a diet.
C) set a goal.
D) see a doctor.

29) If your body composition is close to the recommended range, you should probably set a(n) ________ goal.

A) lifestyle rather than a body fat or BMI
B) body fat or BMI rather than a lifestyle
C) lifestyle rather than an exercise
D) exercise rather than a lifestyle

30) Which statement is true?

A) You should establish an ideal body image before setting exercise goals.
B) You should set exercise goals before establishing an ideal body image.
C) You should set a target range for body weight before setting a body composition goal.
D) You should set a body composition goal before setting a target range for body weight.

31) In order to lose weight and body fat, the best strategy is to focus on

A) body image ideals.
B) reduced food intake.
C) increased physical activity.
D) assessing your somatotype.

32) If you lose a great deal of body weight, you will most likely

A) lose both body fat and some muscle weight.
B) gain both body fat and some muscle weight.
C) lose body fat and gain significant muscle weight.
D) gain body fat but lose significant muscle weight.

33) Describe body composition, including the concepts of essential fat, overweight, and obesity.

34) Discuss the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Americans, and list at least three factors that have contributed to recent increases in their prevalence.

35) Describe the health effects of too much and too little body fat.

36) Define body mass index, and explain how it is calculated. List the NIH and WHO classifications and cutoffs for BMI.

37) Discuss muscle mass, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and height as factors influencing the relationship between BMI and actual percent body fat.

38) List and describe three techniques for estimating percent body fat.

39) Describe the process of setting realistic goals for changing body composition, particularly for individuals who are overweight or obese.

40) Discuss strategies for making successful and permanent changes in body composition.

41) Men have a higher percentage of essential fat than women.

⊚ true
⊚ false

42) Most of the fat in the body is stored in fat cells called adipose tissue.

⊚ true
⊚ false

43) Between 20% and 30% of Americans are overweight or obese.

⊚ true
⊚ false

44) Diabetes interferes with the processing of insulin in the pancreas, causing a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream.

⊚ true
⊚ false

45) Although obesity is linked with a number of diseases, such as diabetes and even erectile dysfunction, there is little connection between obesity and cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

46) The "apple shape" (fat stored in the upper regions of the body, particularly the abdomen) is common among men and postmenopausal women.

⊚ true
⊚ false

47) Through a combination of diet and exercise, the vast majority of Americans can achieve the "ideal body" presented by the media.

⊚ true
⊚ false

48) A BMI between 25 and 35 is considered healthy.

⊚ true
⊚ false

49) According to a study by the National Center for Health Statistics, overweight people had a higher death rate from all causes than did people of normal weight.

⊚ true
⊚ false

50) Athletes, serious weight trainers, and people of short stature should use BMI as their primary means of assessing whether their weight is at healthy levels.

⊚ true
⊚ false

51) Body mass index is best used to measure changes in body composition over time.

⊚ true
⊚ false

52) In addition to being inexpensive and practical, skinfold measurements provide highly accurate measurements of body fat.

⊚ true
⊚ false

53) Calipers are a tool used primarily in bioelectrical impedance analysis.

⊚ true
⊚ false

54) Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is based on the fact that fat-free tissues are good conductors of electrical current, whereas fat is not.

⊚ true
⊚ false

55) Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) uses a magnetic field to measure lean body mass.

⊚ true
⊚ false

56) The higher the waist-to-hip ratio, the healthier an individual is.

⊚ true
⊚ false

57) Because it necessarily involves complex equipment, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) must be done in a laboratory or other scientific facility.

⊚ true
⊚ false

58) People's ability to change their body composition is limited by heredity.

⊚ true
⊚ false

59) People who are significantly overweight should seek the help of a physician in setting body composition goals.

⊚ true
⊚ false

60) An obese person needs to lose a significant amount of weight before seeing any major health improvement.

⊚ true
⊚ false

61) Body weight is generally not a useful method for tracking progress in a program to change body composition.

⊚ true
⊚ false

62) Studies of people who have lost weight and kept it off show that physical activity was the key to their success.

⊚ true
⊚ false

63) In addition to checking your weight, a good way to track progress toward your target body composition is by focusing on how much energy you have and how your clothes fit.

⊚ true
⊚ false