Ch5 Verified Test Bank Civil Rights

American Democracy Now, 6e (Harrison)

Chapter 5 Civil Rights

1) The Constitution imposes responsibilities, or civil rights, on which of the following groups?

A) government officials

B) private citizens

C) private organizations

D) government employees

E) government officials and government employees

2) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits businesses from making discriminatory hiring decisions based on which inherent characteristic(s)?

A) age and disability

B) race, color, and sex

C) religion and national origin

D) sexual orientation

E) race, color, sex, religion, and national origin

3) Which tests do the courts apply to determine when unequal treatment is legal?

A) imminent lawless action test and incitement test

B) strict scrutiny test and ordinary scrutiny test

C) strict scrutiny test, heightened scrutiny test, and ordinary scrutiny test

D) imminent lawless action test and strict scrutiny test

E) incitement test and heightened scrutiny test

4) Which test is applied by the courts in cases related to suspect classifications?

A) ordinary scrutiny test

B) imminent lawless action test

C) heightened scrutiny test

D) strict scrutiny test

E) incitement test

5) Which 1967 case determined state laws barring interracial marriage were unconstitutional?

A) Loving v. Virginia

B) Dear v. Minnesota

C) Furman v. Georgia

D) Minor v. Happersett

E) Bradwell v. Illinois

6) Sex-based discrimination cases are subject to which legal treatment test?

A) incitement test

B) strict scrutiny test

C) heightened scrutiny test

D) imminent lawless action test

E) ordinary scrutiny test

7) Using the ordinary scrutiny test, courts have been willing to allow what type of differential treatment?

A) sex-based

B) age-based

C) race-based

D) ethnicity-based

E) religion-based

8) In which year were women granted the right to vote in the United States?

A) 1909

B) 1916

C) 1920

D) 1929

E) 1930

9) Which organization was formed in 1970 to fight for full recognition of the civil rights of LGBT citizens?

A) Human Rights Campaign

B) National Gay and Lesbian Task Force

C) Stonewall Rebellion

D) Lambda Legal

E) None of these answers is correct.

10) In 2015, the Supreme Court ruled that state bans on same-sex marriage violated the Fourteenth Amendment in which case?

A) Obergefell v. Hodges

B) Loving v. Virginia

C) Grutter v. Bollinger

D) Shelby County v. Holder

E) Lau v. Nichols

11) Which 2013 Supreme Court decision ruled that the Defense of Marriage Act violated the equal protection clause and was unconstitutional?

A) Loving v. Virginia

B) Lawrence v. Texas

C) Bowers v. Hardwick

D) United States v. Windsor

E) Obergefell v. Hodges

12) Since the 1980s, the number of states affirming the civil liberties of LGBT citizens

A) has reached all 50.

B) is more than half.

C) is more than 40.

D) is about 20.

E) is less than 15.

13) In which year did Congress pass the Missouri Compromise, which sought to regulate slavery in the western territories?

A) 1810

B) 1820

C) 1830

D) 1840

E) 1850

14) The active yet nonviolent refusal to comply with morally-objectionable laws, used by abolitionist organizations like the American Anti-Slavery Society and civil rights activists like Martin Luther King, Jr., is known as what?

A) affirmative action

B) intersectionality

C) strict scrutiny

D) affirmative disobedience

E) civil disobedience

15) Which 1857 Supreme Court decision set the stage for the Civil War by mobilizing the abolitionist movement?

A) Brown v. Board of Education

B) Marbury v. Madison

C) Dred Scott v. Sandford

D) Lochner v. Ellison

E) Loving v. Virginia

16) In 1860, which of the following states had the highest percentage of slaves in its population?

A) Kentucky

B) Mississippi

C) Pennsylvania

D) Iowa

E) Missouri

17) Which amendment was passed in 1865 and outlawed slavery?

A) Twelfth Amendment

B) Thirteenth Amendment

C) Fourteenth Amendment

D) Fifteenth Amendment

E) Sixteenth Amendment

18) Which amendment was passed in 1868 and provided for due process of law, equal protection under the law, and respect for the privileges and immunities of all citizens?

A) Twelfth Amendment

B) Thirteenth Amendment

C) Fourteenth Amendment

D) Fifteenth Amendment

E) Sixteenth Amendment

19) Which constitutional amendments were passed in the aftermath of the Civil War and codified the victory of the North?

A) Twelfth and Thirteenth

B) Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth

C) Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth

D) Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth

E) Fifteenth and Sixteenth

20) Laws passed immediately after the Civil War by southern states that limited the rights of "freemen," or former slaves, were known as

A) Reconstruction laws.

B) Jim Crow laws.

C) voting rights laws.

D) Black Codes.

E) freedmen's regulations.

21) Another name for the Civil Rights Act of 1872, which made it a federal crime to deprive individuals of their rights, is the

A) Enforcement Act.

B) Anti-Ku Klux Klan Act.

C) Voting Rights Act.

D) Equal Voting Rights Act.

E) Equal Opportunity Act.

22) Southern miscegenation laws that banned interracial marriage or cohabitation are an example of

A) a grandfather clause.

B) de jure segregation.

C) de facto segregation.

D) the separate but equal doctrine.

E) the Black Codes.

23) Which of the following was used in southern states during the Jim Crow era to deny African Americans their voting rights?

A) white primaries

B) literacy tests

C) poll taxes

D) grandfather clauses

E) All of these answers are correct.

24) Which Court ruling created the separate but equal doctrine, which upheld state laws that mandated racial separation in schools and all public accommodations?

A) Dred Scott v. Sandford

B) Plessy v. Ferguson

C) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

D) Craig v. Boren

E) Bowers v. Hardwick

25) Which African American writer, scholar, and social activist is considered the father of social science?

A) Oswald Garrison Villard

B) William Lloyd Garrison

C) Richard Wright

D) Ralph Ellison

E) W. E. B. Du Bois

26) Which aspect of racial discrimination became the primary target of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in its first decades of existence?

A) Black Codes

B) Jim Crow laws

C) separate but equal doctrine

D) de jure segregation

E) standing to sue

27) Who was the first African American to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court?

A) Thurgood Marshall

B) Clarence Thomas

C) W. E. B. Du Bois

D) Oswald Garrison Villard

E) Richard Wright

28) Which Supreme Court decision ended the federal government's support for separate but equal practices in the southern states?

A) Plessy v. Ferguson

B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

C) Loving v. Virginia

D) Miller v. California

E) Minor v. Happersett

29) The Montgomery bus boycott began after the arrest of whom for refusing to give up a seat on the bus for a white man?

A) Martin Luther King, Jr.

B) Rosa Parks

C) Homer Plessy

D) Fannie Lou Hamer

E) Thurgood Marshall

30) In what city was Martin Luther King, Jr., assassinated in 1968, setting off riots in more than 100 cities?

A) Montgomery, Alabama

B) Atlanta, Georgia

C) Memphis, Tennessee

D) Dallas, Texas

E) Watts, California

31) ________, part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, establishes a standard of equality in employment opportunity, and establishes a body of law that regulates legal employment practices.

A) Title III

B) Title IV

C) Title V

D) Title VI

E) Title VII

32) Which civil rights legislation banned discriminatory voter registration practices and mandated federal intervention in any county with less than 50 percent of those eligible registered to vote?

A) Civil Rights Act of 1964

B) Voting Rights Act of 1965

C) Civil Rights Act of 1965

D) Civil Rights Act of 1968

E) Voting Rights Act of 1968

33) In its 2013 Shelby v. Alabama decision about voting rights, the Supreme Court

A) found unconstitutional a portion of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

B) found unconstitutional the entirety of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

C) ordered the Justice Department to send more voting monitors to several southern states.

D) determined that no citizen shall be required to produce identification in order to vote.

E) determined that all House of Representatives district boundaries must be approved by a federal judge.

34) Of the following, which have the highest average wage?

A) white, non-Hispanic women

B) African American men

C) African American women

D) Hispanic men

E) Hispanic women

35) Of the following, which have the lowest average wage?

A) white, non-Hispanic women

B) African American men

C) African American women

D) Hispanic men

E) Hispanic women

36) In 1848, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first meeting of the U.S. women's rights movement at

A) Seneca Falls, New York.

B) Chicago, Illinois.

C) St. Louis, Missouri.

D) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

E) Charleston, South Carolina.

37) Where did most of the initial battles for women's rights take place?

A) at the federal level

B) in the courts

C) in the home

D) with the president

E) at the state level

38) Which legal case was the first to argue that the Fourteenth Amendment's protections also applied to women?

A) Bradwell v. Illinois

B) Minor v. Happersett

C) Reed v. Reed

D) Craig v. Boren

E) Lawrence v. Texas

39) Which amendment to the Constitution prohibits the federal government from abridging or denying citizens the right to vote on account of sex?

A) Twenty-First

B) Twentieth

C) Nineteenth

D) Eighteenth

E) Fourteenth

40) In which year did 18-year-olds get the right to vote?

A) 1828

B) 1868

C) 1919

D) 1948

E) 1971

41) When did the second wave of the women's movement begin?

A) 1930s

B) 1940s

C) 1950s

D) 1960s

E) 1970s

42) Women were provided equal protection under the law by

A) the Equal Pay Act.

B) Title VII.

C) Title IX.

D) the Equal Rights Amendment.

E) Title VII, Title IX, and the Equal Pay Act.

43) Under the 1976 case of Craig v. Boren, in order for different treatment in a sex-based discrimination case to be legal it must be

A) necessary to achieve a compelling public interest.

B) a reasonable means for achieving a legitimate public interest.

C) substantially related to an important government interest.

D) rationally related to a legitimate government interest.

E) narrowly tailored because it deals with a suspect classification.

44) The experience of facing discrimination for multiple reasons, such as because you are black, low-income, and female is known as

A) steering.

B) de facto segregation.

C) de jure segregation.

D) intersectionality.

E) heightened scrutiny.

45) What outcome resulted from most of the 370 treaties entered into between Native American tribes and the federal government between 1778 and 1870?

A) The tribes received access to land.

B) The tribes were granted resource and occupancy rights, but not land.

C) The tribes and the federal government reached financial settlements.

D) The federal government reneged on its promises, and the tribes received no land.

E) The tribes sued the federal government for increased lands and often won.

46) Which Native American movement, formed in 1968, pursued aggressive tactics in an attempt to gain full legal equality?

A) American Indian Movement

B) American Indian Defense Association

C) Indian Rights Association

D) Society of American Indians

E) Native Americans for Justice

47) Which is the largest minority group in the United States?

A) African Americans

B) Asian Americans

C) Latinos

D) Native Americans

E) None of these answers is correct.

48) Which group constitutes the majority of growth in the Latino population in the United States?

A) immigrants from Central America

B) U.S.-born children of Latinos

C) immigrants from Mexico

D) Latino immigrants

E) undocumented Latino immigrants

49) The mass movement for Mexican American civil rights of which Cesar Chavez was a leader is known as

A) the Latino Movement.

B) LULAC.

C) the Chicano Movement.

D) NALEO.

E) the Lambda Legal Movement.

50) U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is part of what federal department?

A) Department of Justice

B) Department of Homeland Security

C) Department of Education

D) Department of Agriculture

E) Department of Defense

51) From which country of origin does the largest percentage of Asian Americans derive?

A) India

B) China

C) Japan

D) Korea

E) the Philippines

52) Which minority group enjoys the highest median income?

A) African Americans

B) Mexican Americans

C) Asian Americans

D) Native Americans

E) Latinos

53) Which year saw the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which enhances the federal prohibition of discrimination against people with disabilities?

A) 1968

B) 1973

C) 1988

D) 1990

E) 2008

54) What was the main purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments, passed in 2008?

A) to decrease the amount of benefits the federal government paid to disabled people

B) to broaden the meaning and scope of the term "disability"

C) to give states greater leeway in how they treated the disabled

D) to replace the Americans with Disabilities Act

E) to narrow the list of conditions considered disabilities

55) Which of the following is true about affirmative action policies?

A) require an educational organization to admit minority students over qualified white applicants

B) require employers to hire females over qualified male applicants

C) require an intentional effort by an organization to diversify by providing equal opportunities to minorities

D) require an organization to remedy racial imbalance caused by economic inequalities

E) guarantee discriminatory treatment of minority populations

56) The central issue in the Bakke case was

A) school desegregation.

B) sexual harassment.

C) affirmative action.

D) Native Americans' civil rights.

E) comparable worth.

57) Critics of affirmative action argue that it

A) unreasonably favors certain minority groups over others.

B) discriminates against white Americans.

C) is a waste of federal resources.

D) contains too many loopholes and exceptions.

E) is no longer needed, as no discrimination exists in America today.

58) Colleges and universities use affirmative action policies to ensure a student body that is diverse in

A) race.

B) color.

C) economic status.

D) place of origin.

E) race, color, economic status, and place of origin.

59) In Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) the Supreme Court ruled that in making admissions decisions, universities could consider race

A) not at all.

B) as long as it was rationally related to a reasonable university policy.

C) as a factor, but not an overriding factor.

D) as its sole consideration.

E) only if the university could show a lack of diversity.

60) Identify the three tests used by the federal government to determine the legality of suspect classifications.

61) Discuss the origins and features of Jim Crow laws.

62) Explain the key features of the separate but equal doctrine created by the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.

63) Discuss the role played by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in developing effective strategies against racial discrimination.

64) Outline the important provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

65) Explain the impact of the civil rights movement on voter registration in the southern states.

66) Discuss the reasons behind the failure to ratify the ERA (Equal Rights Amendment).

67) Identify the purpose and impact of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act.

68) Discuss the development and impact of the Chicano Movement on the process of achieving equal rights for Hispanic Americans.

69) Discuss the effects of the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) of 1990 on the civil rights of disabled Americans.