Chapter 5 Test Bank

KNOWLEDGE OF KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice

1. Globalization is the

a) idea that cultural characteristics result from internal historical dynamism.

b) process of relationships being limited to those within nation-state boundaries.

c) field that studies the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism.

d) widening scale of cross-cultural interactions caused by the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas within nations and across national boundaries.

2. Cultural differences are often caused by

a) the isolation of communities.

b) interconnections between societies.

c) innovations within a single society.

d) insulated incidences of rapid technological change.

3. Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication

a) are relatively even throughout the world.

b) include narrow use of computers and cell phones.

c) mean that people in remote places can be in contact with people all over the world.

d) level socioeconomic inequalities around the world.

4. Financial globalization has allowed for

a) wealth to be evenly distributed throughout the world.

b) corporations to move factories from one country to another.

c) the minimum wage to stay the same.

d) industries to stabilize in their traditional geographic areas.

5. Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?

a) language

b) technology

c) history

d) sexuality

6. Push–pull factors

a) describe the factors that contribute the elevation of tides worldwide.

b) explain why colonists adventured to the new world.

c) provide the foundation for determining the difference between core and periphery nations.

d) describe the factors that “push” people to migrate from their homes and that “pull” them to host countries.

7. Development anthropologists often think of themselves as

a) critics of USAID and other development institutions.

b) advocates of poor and marginalized people.

c) objective observers.

d) advocates for policy planners.

8. James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists

a) to alleviate poverty.

b) to improve working conditions for farmers.

c) to expand state power.

d) to enhance access to new technologies such as cell phones.

9. What is the term that refers to the proliferation of similar norms and knowledge shared across national boundaries?

a) postcolonialism

b) world culture

c) developmentalism

d) creolization

10. Hybridization is about

a) maintaining distinct ethnic boundaries.

b) technological inequality.

c) defining a direction for change.

d) cultural mixing.

11. The process of promoting one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal means, is referred to as

a) Coca-Colization.

b) cultural relativism.

c) localization.

d) cultural imperialism.

12. ________________ are people who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries

a) Migrants

b) Immigrants

c) Refugees

d) Exiles

Fill in the Blank

13. According to anthropologists, ____________________ is the contemporary widening of scale of cross-cultural interactions owing to the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas.

globalization

14. ____________________ are people who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries.Exiles

15. Franz Boas and his students were ____________________, emphasizing that cultural characteristics result from a spread of cultural attributes from one society to another.

diffusionists

16. Often, anthropologists use the term “____________________” rather than “globalization” to refer to the “global” circulation of goods and people.

transnational

17. ____________________ theory argues that globalization has encouraged open-ended and ongoing cultural intermingling and fusion, resulting in persistent cultural diversity.

Hybridization

18. Cultural ____________________ occurs when influential nations of the West impose their products and beliefs on less powerful nations.

imperialism

True/False

19. The processes of capital accumulation and the expansion of European colonialism disrupted many societies.

a) True

b) False

20. People in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion.

a) True

b) False

21. Localization is the creation and assertion of highly particular, place-based identities and communities.

a) True

b) False

22. Anthropologists are generally ignored by “development” experts at institutions like the World Bank.

a) True

b) False

23. When people consume the same clothes, food, and goods they eventually think and behave the same.

a) True

b) False

COMPREHENSION OF FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice

24. World systems theory helped anthropologists

a) better explain the historical emergence of development patterns throughout the world.

b) explain even development through time and space.

c) ignore local social relations.

d) remedy the past for the future.

25. A key feature of financial globalization is

a) governments imposing new regulations on trade.

b) equalization of financial opportunities around the world.

c) greater coordination of multinational corporations.

d) the reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote trade.

26. The research that anthropologist Karen Tranberg Hansen has done on second-hand clothing in Zambia is interesting because it

a) highlights how poor Zambians are.

b) highlights how the Zambian textile economy has benefited from globalization.

c) highlights how people impose local meanings on globally sourced objects.

d) illustrates how disconnected the U.S. and Zambia are.

27. Proponents of world systems theory emphasize all of the following except

a) global connections emerged in earnest in the late fifteenth century.

b) wealth is unevenly divided across the globe.

c) colonialism allowed for the expansion of capitalism.

d) the underdevelopment of certain countries was inevitable because of their geographic location.

28. The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Basques in Europe are examples of

a) globalization.

b) immigration.

c) localization.

d) migration.

29. The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to

a) imitate European consumers.

b) steal and resell secondhand clothes.

c) accumulate prestige.

d) acquire smartphones.

30. One of the main reasons localization interests anthropologists is that

a) anthropologists have always been locally focused.

b) global integration creates opportunity for local cultures to express themselves.

c) it is easier to study local settings than global settings.

d) it is rapidly disappearing as a phenomenon.

31. A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that

a) they explain the rise of cultural conflict in the world.

b) they explain the apparent decline of cultural diversity.

c) they articulate how and why cultures converge through mixture and hybridity.

d) they explain why development appeals to all people around the world.

32. A key difference between anthropologists of development and development anthropologists is that

a) the first are academics; the second work in applied fields.

b) the first are theoretical; the second are practical.

c) the first work in development agencies; the second criticize it.

d) the first are analysts of development; the second seek ways to influence it from within.

33. Which of the following best describes the methodology of multisited ethnography?

a) analytical

b) comparative

c) genealogical

d) local

34. Which of the following is not true about hybridization theories?

a) It has several aliases, among them “syncretism.”

b) It explains why conflict is growing in the world.

c) It reimagines old racialist thinking that abhorred mixture.

d) It rejects the existence of cultural purities.

35. A world systems theory is important for all of the following reasons except

a) it is useful for analyzing postcolonial conditions.

b) it highlights resistance at the periphery.

c) it lends itself readily to ethnographic methodology.

d) it explains how and why global capitalism has disrupted so many societies.

Fill in the Blank

36. Anthropologists use ____________________ to juxtapose phenomena that were once thought worlds apart.

multisited ethnography

37. People around the world often think of development as undermining self-determination but will often accept it when it is ____________________.

on their own terms

38. Many arguments over global integration are about ____________________ and ____________________, but anthropologists are just as interested in cultural nuances such as inequality, confrontation, domination, and resistance.

winners / losers

39. Cultural ____________________ often exist not in spite of but because of global interconnections.differences

True/False

40. Globalization is so exciting to anthropologists right now because they have never studied interconnectivity before.

a) True

b) False

41. Cultural diversity persists in the world because cultures have been isolated from each other for so long but that diversity is bound to disappear as cultures intermingle more.

a) True

b) False

42. A key marker of development anthropology’s success is when local perspectives and voices are paid attention to in development projects.

a) True

b) False

43. Globalization and localization are complementary dynamics.

a) True

b) False

APPLICATION OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice

44. In a study on the Olympics a hybridization theorist would likely focus on

a) how national conflicts play out through athletic competitions.

b) the unexpected social patterns that emerge from intermingling between athletes, fans, and officials.

c) the shared values of amateurism and internationalism.

d) how the principles of capitalist efficiency have reshaped the games.

45. If a development anthropologist were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, she or he would probably emphasize the overarching importance of

a) improving the neighborhood’s economy.

b) extending state power into the neighborhood to regularize social relations.

c) listening to the priorities of the neighbors.

d) building lasting infrastructure and buildings.

46. A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American television in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Australian outback are

a) learning important lessons about life in America.

b) experiencing a form of hybridization.

c) likely to resist everything they see and hear.

d) being subjected to alien cultural influences.

47. World systems theory would be most suited to which of the following research projects?

a) an ethnographic study of village-level political leaders

b) a historical study of indigenous resistance to colonialism

c) a comparative study of the economic potential of different policy mechanisms to promote global trade

d) a program evaluation of a non-profit organization

48. Which of the following would be of least interest to an anthropologist of postcolonialism?

a) the proliferation of Indian chutney in England

b) the popularity of European football in Africa

c) government subsidies for US soy farmers

d) the influence of the French government on politics in Senegal

49. The sushi burrito, a blending of two regional foods as a result of globalization, is an example of

a) postcolonialism.

b) global homogenization.

c) hybridization.

d) international development.

Short Answer

50. What are the primary strengths of world systems theory? Give an example of a project in which you might employ it.

51. Do you think an ethnographer could employ a multisited approach in a project studying Walmart’s cultural influence inside and outside the United States. If not, why not? If yes, what field sites would you study?

52. Describe how you would apply the theory of Coca-Colonization to explain the prevalence of Hollywood movies globally.

Essays

53. For what kinds of research projects is multisited ethnography useful and not useful? In your answer give at least one example for each.

54. Is hybridization occurring in American life? If not, why? If so, give an example and use the discussion of hybridization from the book to make your case.

55. Is the diffusionist perspective of Boas and his students useful in anthropology today?

OPPORTUNITIES FOR ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

Essays

56. What elements of social life are affected by globalization?

57. Why is development an uneven process?

58. How and why do people participate in global processes and local communities simultaneously? Give some examples to illustrate your point.

59. How do the findings and theories of anthropologists of globalization affect your understanding of culture?