Ch.4 | Test Bank + Answers – Health Psychology Within The

Chapter 4

Health Psychology within the Health-Care System

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The approach health professionals take in caring for patients is largely shaped by ________.
   1. the health system
   2. patients’ needs
   3. doctors’ specialties
   4. popular opinion

Page: 72

1. In the US, the reforms introduced through the Affordable Care Act of 2010 focused on regulating ________.
   1. the Beveridge system
   2. Medicare
   3. public health insurance
   4. private health insurance

Page: 73

1. The ________ model best describes the health care system of Canada.
   1. private health insurance
   2. social health insurance
   3. national health system
   4. mixed system

Page: 74

1. ________ of funding for the Canadian health care system comes from ________.
   1. 50 per cent; general taxation
   2. 100 per cent; general taxation
   3. 100 per cent; employers
   4. 50 per cent; employers

Page: 74

1. According to the Canadian health care system, psychological care ________ considered medically necessary and is covered by the system ________.
   1. is; with no exceptions
   2. is not; with some exceptions (through hospitals and/or schools)
   3. is; at the 50 per cent level
   4. is not; with an annual cap per person

Page: 75

1. Medicare is the American government’s health-care program aimed at providing uniform coverage to ________.
   1. children
   2. people below a certain income level
   3. people over age 65
   4. people without private coverage

Page: 77

1. The Canadian health care system currently delegates the management of most services to ________.
   1. health maintenance organizations
   2. health care workers’ professional societies
   3. regional health authorities
   4. employers

Page: 77

1. The only exceptions to the delegation of management to regional health authorities are ________, which are directly overseen by provincial ministries of health.
   1. psychological services and prescription drugs
   2. psychological services and physician payments
   3. physician payments and prescription drugs
   4. dental plans and prescription drugs

Page: 77

1. In Canada, primary care is not typically received from ________
   1. physicians
   2. psychologists
   3. physicians’ assistants
   4. nurses

Page: 78

1. In the US, licensed psychologists can access reimbursement for services provided to patients with ________.
   1. chronic illnesses
   2. psychiatric conditions
   3. non-psychiatric conditions
   4. acute illnesses

Page: 78

1. Secondary care refers to health care that ________.
   1. typically follows a referral
   2. covers non–life-threatening conditions
   3. covers non-specialized services
   4. focuses on prevention

Page: 78

1. ________ is specialized care that is often delivered in a teaching hospital or academic health centre.
   1. Primary care
   2. Secondary care
   3. Tertiary care
   4. Acute care

Page: 79

1. Compared to Americans, Canadians ________.
   1. enjoy an overall better health status
   2. spend more on health care
   3. use health information technology more intensively
   4. use more CT, MRI, and PET technology

Page: 80

1. The following statement is true in Canada: ________.
   1. Men seek medical treatment more often than women
   2. Older people seek medical treatment less often than youth
   3. Socio-economic status is not related to hospital use
   4. Ethnic minorities seek medical treatment more often than Whites

Pages: 80-81

1. Undertreatment of psychological disorders occurs because of ________.
   1. inadequate access to appropriately trained mental health providers
   2. mobility difficulties
   3. a focus on the unexplained medical symptoms
   4. P all of the above

Page: 83

1. Patients typically delay seeking medical attention within health care systems based on private insurance due to ________.
   1. long waiting times
   2. high user fees associated with care
   3. modest user fees associated with care
   4. concerns about social stigma

Pages: 83-84

1. Patients typically delay seeking medical attention within national health care systems due to ________.
   1. long waiting times
   2. high user fees associated with care
   3. modest user fees associated with care
   4. concerns about social stigma

Page: 84

1. In the case of myocardial infarction, ________ is associated with seeking medical care quickly.
   1. living farther from care
   2. being of older age
   3. anxiety
   4. a history of angina

Page: 84

1. ________ is not common strategy that psychologists use with patients who are at risk of treatment delay.
   1. Encouraging the use of a symptom diary
   2. Waiting until the patient’s condition has worsened
   3. Reviewing the patient’s knowledge and awareness of symptoms
   4. Encouraging the discussion of symptoms with significant others

Page: 85

1. ________ is not effective in terms of promoting patient adherence with medical recommendations.
   1. Making a broad, forceful request to comply
   2. Providing detailed information about medical conditions and care
   3. Discussing the patient’s motivations
   4. Examining barriers to compliance

Pages: 86-87

1. The first step of the information-motivation-strategy model of improving patient adherence encourages health-care professionals to ________.
   1. examine the barriers that may interfere with adherence to treatment recommendations
   2. address patient motivation
   3. focus on providing patients with information
   4. examine the strategies patients use to adhere to treatment recommendations

Page: 87

1. Patients who are not satisfied with their physicians are less likely to ________.
   1. seek a second medical opinion
   2. reduce compliance with medical recommendations
   3. end up costing more to the health care system
   4. maintain compliance with treatment protocols

Page: 89

1. ________ is the single most important factor in patient satisfaction with his/her physician.
   1. Providing sufficient information
   2. Previous success with the same patient
   3. The impression of listening to the patient
   4. Expression of sympathy

Page: 89

1. ________ is/are related to greater patient satisfaction.
   1. Doctor-centred care
   2. Effective communication on the part of health care providers
   3. Being in poor health
   4. Quick and brief medical appointments

Page: 89

1. Studies have shown that providing psychological services to patients ________ by approximately 20 to 30 per cent.
   1. increases their subsequent use of other health-care services
   2. reduces their subsequent use of other health-care services
   3. reduces the acute symptoms of their conditions
   4. increases the acute symptoms of their conditions

Page: 90

Short Answer Questions

1. Briefly outline and discuss the functions of any health system.

Page: 72

1. Describe a psychological health condition that leads to higher health expenditures as well as the causal link between the two events. Also discuss how a health psychology intervention could reduce overall expenses.

Pages: 82-83

1. Discuss three directions of future research in the field of health psychology with specific reference to the health system.

Pages: 90-91

1. Briefly discuss one example of a common medical condition for which patients often seek help after substantial delays, thus worsening the prognosis and increasing overall costs.

Pages: 83-85

1. Discuss the psychological factors that affect compliance with medical recommendations as well as ways to address this problem.

Pages: 85-87

1. Describe the three-pronged approach of the information-motivation-strategy model in improving patient adherence to medical recommendations.

Page: 78

1. Briefly outline and discuss the social factors that affect compliance with medical recommendations as well as ways to address this problem.

Page: 81

1. Outline the three areas in which the intervention of health psychologists has been particularly effective.

Page: 90

1. Identify the two instances when the cost offset for behavioural interventions is greatest.

Page: 90

1. Briefly outline three advantages of the national health system for the end user, compared to other health systems.

Pages: 72-77

Essay Answer Questions

1. Discuss the different types and levels of health care as well as the role played by health psychologists at each level.

Pages: 78-80

1. Discuss three of the demographic and psycho-social factors that influence the decision by patients to delay seeking medical help for myocardial infarction, and how health psychologists could help in reducing such delays.

Pages: 83-85

1. Provide two examples of the concept of “stewardship” in the context of the health-care system discussion and within your own personal experience.

Pages: 72-77

1. Males in the UK have approximately half the risk of dying of road accidents compared to Canadian males. Based on what you have learned so far, outline the ways in which health psychologists could mitigate this problem in Canada.

Page: 81

1. Canada has more than twice as many deaths from ischemic heart disease as France. Based on what you have learned so far, outline the ways in which health psychologists could mitigate this problem in Canada.

Page: 81